1
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Sopena Moros A, Li S, Li K, Doumy G, Southworth SH, Otolski C, Schaller RD, Kumagai Y, Rubensson JE, Simon M, Dakovski G, Kunnus K, Robinson JS, Hampton CY, Hoffman DJ, Koralek J, Loh ZH, Santra R, Inhester L, Young L. Tracking Cavity Formation in Electron Solvation: Insights from X-ray Spectroscopy and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3262-3269. [PMID: 38270463 PMCID: PMC10859959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We present time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra of ionized liquid water and demonstrate that OH radicals, H3O+ ions, and solvated electrons all leave distinct X-ray-spectroscopic signatures. Particularly, this allows us to characterize the electron solvation process through a tool that focuses on the electronic response of oxygen atoms in the immediate vicinity of a solvated electron. Our experimental results, supported by ab initio calculations, confirm the formation of a cavity in which the solvated electron is trapped. We show that the solvation dynamics are governed by the magnitude of the random structural fluctuations present in water. As a consequence, the solvation time is highly sensitive to temperature and to the specific way the electron is injected into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sopena Moros
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Shuai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christopher Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinous 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Jan-Erik Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Marc Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jake Koralek
- LCLS, SLAC, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Ling CCH, Chan WX, Siow JX, Loh ZH. Ultrafast Vibrational Wave Packet Dynamics of the Aqueous Guanine Radical Anion Induced by Photodetachment. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:626-635. [PMID: 38207335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Studying the ultrafast dynamics of ionized aqueous biomolecules is important for gaining an understanding of the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter. Guanine plays an essential role in biological systems as one of the four nucleobases that form the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Guanine radicals can induce oxidative damage to DNA, particularly due to the lower ionization potential of guanine compared to the other nucleobases, sugars, and phosphate groups that are constituents of DNA. This study utilizes femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy to observe the ultrafast vibrational wave packet dynamics of the guanine radical anion launched by photodetachment of the aqueous guanine dianion. The vibrational wave packet motion is resolved into 11 vibrational modes along which structural reorganization occurs upon photodetachment. These vibrational modes are assigned with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our work sheds light on the ultrafast vibrational dynamics following the ionization of nucleobases in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chun Hui Ling
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Chan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jing Xuan Siow
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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3
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Lamas I, González J, Longarte A, Montero R. Influence of H-bonds on the photoionization of aromatic chromophores in water: The aniline molecule. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2890456. [PMID: 37184001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted time-resolved experiments (pump-probe and pump-repump-probe) on a model aromatic chromophore, aniline, after excitation in water at 267 nm. In the initial spectra recorded, in addition to the absorption corresponding to the bright ππ* excitation, the fingerprint of a transient state with the electron located on the solvent molecule is identified. We postulate that the latter corresponds to the πσ* state along the N-H bond, whose complete relaxation with a ∼500 ps lifetime results in the formation of the fully solvated electron and cation. This ionization process occurs in parallel with the ππ* photophysical channel that yields the characteristic ∼1 ns fluorescence lifetime. The observed branched pathway is rationalized in terms of the different H-bonds that the water establishes with the amino group. The proposed mechanism could be common for aromatics in water containing N-H or O-H bonds and would allow the formation of separated charges after excitation at the threshold of their electronic absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Lamas
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jorge González
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, SGIKER Laser Facility, UPV/EHU, Sarriena, S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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4
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Yamamoto YI, Suzuki T. Distortion Correction of Low-Energy Photoelectron Spectra of Liquids Using Spectroscopic Data for Solvated Electrons. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2440-2452. [PMID: 36917090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) enables real-time observation of ultrafast electronic dynamics in solutions. When extreme ultraviolet (EUV) probe pulses are employed, they can ionize solutes from all electronic states involved in the dynamics. However, EUV pulses also produce a strong ionization signal from a solvent that is typically 6 orders of magnitude greater than the pump-probe photoelectron signal of solutes. Alternatively, UV probe pulses enable highly sensitive and selective observation of photoexcited solutes because typical solvents such as water are transparent to UV radiation. An obstacle in such UV-TRPES measurements is spectral distortion caused by electron scattering and a yet to be identified mechanism in liquids. We have previously proposed the spectral retrieval (SR) method as an a posteriori approach to removing the distortion and overcoming this difficulty in UV-TRPES; however, its accuracy has not yet been verified by comparison with EUV-TRPES results. In the present study, we perform EUV-TRPES for charge transfer reactions in water, methanol, and ethanol, and verify SR analysis of UV-TRPES. We also estimate a previously undetermined energy-dependent intensity factor and expand the basis sets for SR analysis. The refined SR method is employed for reanalyzing the UV-TRPES data for the formation and relaxation dynamics of solvated electrons in various systems. The electron binding energy distributions for solvated electrons in liquid water, methanol, and ethanol are confirmed to be Gaussian centered at 3.78, 3.39, and 3.25 eV, respectively, in agreement with Nishitani et al. [ Sci. Adv. 2019, 5(8), eaaw6896]. An effective energy gap between the conduction band and the vacuum level at the gas-liquid interface is estimated to be 0.2 eV for liquid water and 0.1 eV for methanol and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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5
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Reidelbach M, Bai M, Schneeberger M, Zöllner MS, Kubicek K, Kirchberg H, Bressler C, Thorwart M, Herrmann C. Solvent Dynamics of Aqueous Halides before and after Photoionization. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1399-1413. [PMID: 36728132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer reactions can be strongly influenced by solvent dynamics. We study the photoionization of halides in water as a model system for such reactions. There are no internal nuclear degrees of freedom in the solute, allowing the dynamics of the solvent to be uniquely identified. We simulate the equilibrium solvent dynamics for Cl-, Br-, I-, and their respective neutral atoms in water, comparing quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) methods. On the basis of the obtained configurations, we calculate the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra rigorously based on the MD snapshots and compare them in detail with other theoretical and experimental results available in the literature. We find our EXAFS spectra based on QM/MM MD simulations in good agreement with their experimental counterparts for the ions. Classical MD simulations for the ions lead to EXAFS spectra that agree equally well with the experiment when it comes to the oscillatory period of the signal, even though they differ from the QM/MM radial distribution functions extracted from the MD. The amplitude is, however, considerably overestimated. This suggests that to judge the reliability of theoretical simulation methods or to elucidate fine details of the atomistic dynamics of the solvent based on EXAFS spectra, the amplitude as well as the oscillatory period need to be considered. If simulations fail qualitatively, as does the classical MD for the aqueous neutral halogen atoms, the resulting EXAFS will also be strongly affected in both oscillatory period and amplitude. The good reliability of QM/MM-based EXAFS simulations, together with clear qualitative differences in the EXAFS spectra found between halides and their atomic counterparts, suggests that a combined theory and experimental EXAFS approach is suitable for elucidating the nonequilibrium solvent dynamics in the photoionization of halides and possibly also for electron transfer reactions in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reidelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mei Bai
- The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schneeberger
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubicek
- The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Henning Kirchberg
- The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bressler
- The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Thorwart
- The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Carter-Fenk K, Johnson BA, Herbert JM, Schenter GK, Mundy CJ. Birth of the Hydrated Electron via Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Excitation of Aqueous Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:870-878. [PMID: 36657160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A primary means to generate hydrated electrons in laboratory experiments is excitation to the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) state of a solute such as I-(aq), but this initial step in the genesis of e-(aq) has never been simulated directly using ab initio molecular dynamics. We report the first such simulations, combining ground- and excited-state simulations of I-(aq) with a detailed analysis of fluctuations in the Coulomb potential experienced by the nascent solvated electron. What emerges is a two-step picture of the evolution of e-(aq) starting from the CTTS state: I-(aq) + hν → I-*(aq) → I•(aq) + e-(aq). Notably, the equilibrated ground state of e-(aq) evolves from I-*(aq) without any nonadiabatic transitions, simply as a result of solvent reorganization. The methodology used here should be applicable to other photochemical electron transfer processes in solution, an important class of problems directly relevant to photocatalysis and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Britta A Johnson
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
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7
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Yamamoto YI, Suzuki YI, Suzuki T. Charge Transfer Reactions from I - to Polar Protic Solvents Studied Using Ultrafast Extreme Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1052-1058. [PMID: 36693229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer reactions from I- to solvent water, methanol, and ethanol were studied using extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (EUV-TRPES). This technique eliminates spectral broadening, previously seen in UV-TRPES, caused by electron inelastic scattering in liquids, and enables clear observation of the temporal evolution of the spectral shape. The peak position, width, and intensity of the electron binding energy distribution indicate electron detachment and subsequent solvation and thermalization processes. Geminate recombination between detached electrons and iodine atoms is discussed using a diffusion equation and a global fitting analysis based on a kinetics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshi-Ichi Suzuki
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsucho, Ishikari, Hokkaido061-0293, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
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8
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Low PJ, Chu W, Nie Z, Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Prezhdo OV, Loh ZH. Observation of a transient intermediate in the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the excess electron in strong-field-ionized liquid water. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7300. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA unified picture of the electronic relaxation dynamics of ionized liquid water has remained elusive despite decades of study. Here, we employ sub-two-cycle visible to short-wave infrared pump-probe spectroscopy and ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to reveal that the excess electron injected into the conduction band (CB) of ionized liquid water undergoes sequential relaxation to the hydrated electron s ground state via an intermediate state, identified as the elusive p excited state. The measured CB and p-electron lifetimes are 0.26 ± 0.02 ps and 62 ± 10 fs, respectively. Ab initio quantum dynamics yield similar lifetimes and furthermore reveal vibrational modes that participate in the different stages of electronic relaxation, with initial relaxation within the dense CB manifold coupled to hindered translational motions whereas subsequent p-to-s relaxation facilitated by librational and even intramolecular bending modes of water. Finally, energetic considerations suggest that a hitherto unobserved trap state resides ~0.3-eV below the CB edge of liquid water. Our results provide a detailed atomistic picture of the electronic relaxation dynamics of ionized liquid water with unprecedented time resolution.
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9
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Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Song H, Debnath T, Lowe B, Yang M, Loh ZH. Ultrafast proton transfer of the aqueous phenol radical cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12236-12248. [PMID: 35579397 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton transfer (PT) reactions are fundamental to numerous chemical and biological processes. While sub-picosecond PT involving electronically excited states has been extensively studied, little is known about ultrafast PT triggered by photoionization. Here, we employ femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy and quantum dynamics calculations to investigate the ultrafast proton transfer dynamics of the aqueous phenol radical cation (PhOH˙+). Analysis of the vibrational wave packet dynamics reveals unusually short dephasing times of 0.18 ± 0.02 ps and 0.16 ± 0.02 ps for the PhOH˙+ O-H wag and bend frequencies, respectively, suggestive of ultrafast PT occurring on the ∼0.1 ps timescale. The reduced potential energy surface obtained from ab initio calculations shows that PT is barrierless when it is coupled to the intermolecular hindered translation between PhOH˙+ and the proton-acceptor water molecule. Quantum dynamics calculations yield a lifetime of 193 fs for PhOH˙+, in good agreement with the experimental results and consistent with the PT reaction being mediated by the intermolecular O⋯O stretch. These results suggest that photoionization can be harnessed to produce photoacids that undergo ultrafast PT. In addition, they also show that PT can serve as an ultrafast deactivation channel for limiting the oxidative damage potential of radical cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Bethany Lowe
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Minghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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10
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Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Siow JX, Yang N, Chan WX, Loh ZH. Spectroscopic observation and ultrafast coherent vibrational dynamics of the aqueous phenylalanine radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2800-2812. [PMID: 35048090 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenylalanine radical (Phe˙) has been proposed to mediate biological electron transport (ET) and exhibit long-lived electronic coherences following attosecond photoionization. However, the coupling of ultrafast structural reorganization to the oxidation/ionization of biomolecules such as phenylalanine remains unexplored. Moreover, studies of ET involving Phe˙ are hindered by its hitherto unobserved electronic spectrum. Here, we report the spectroscopic observation and coherent vibrational dynamics of aqueous Phe˙, prepared by sub-6 fs photodetachment of phenylalaninate anions. Sub-picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the ultraviolet absorption signature of Phe˙. Ultrafast structural reorganization drives coherent vibrational motion involving nine fundamental frequencies and one overtone. DFT calculations rationalize the absence of the decarboxylation reaction, a photodegradation pathway previously identified for Phe˙. Our findings guide the interpretation of future attosecond experiments aimed at elucidating coherent electron motion in photoionized aqueous biomolecules and pave way for the spectroscopic identification of Phe˙ in studies of biological ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Jing Xuan Siow
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Ningchen Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Wei Xin Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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11
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Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Debnath T, Loh ZH. Observation of intra- and intermolecular vibrational coherences of the aqueous tryptophan radical induced by photodetachment. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134306. [PMID: 34624987 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the photodetachment of amino acids in aqueous solution is pertinent to the understanding of elementary processes that follow the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter. In the case of tryptophan, the tryptophan radical that is produced by electron ejection also plays an important role in numerous redox reactions in biology, although studies of its ultrafast molecular dynamics are limited. Here, we employ femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy to elucidate the ultrafast structural rearrangement dynamics that accompany the photodetachment of the aqueous tryptophan anion by intense, ∼5-fs laser pulses. The observed vibrational wave packet dynamics, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, identify the vibrational modes of the tryptophan radical, which participate in structural rearrangement upon photodetachment. Aside from intramolecular vibrational modes, our results also point to the involvement of intermolecular modes that drive solvent reorganization about the N-H moiety of the indole sidechain. Our study offers new insight into the ultrafast molecular dynamics of ionized biomolecules and suggests that the present experimental approach can be extended to investigate the photoionization- or photodetachment-induced structural dynamics of larger biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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12
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Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Lim YL, Loh ZH. Ultrafast vibrational wave packet dynamics of the aqueous tyrosyl radical anion induced by photodetachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18525-18534. [PMID: 34581329 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics triggered by the photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion in aqueous environment shed light on the elementary processes that accompany the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter. Photodetachment of the tryosinate dianion yields the tyrosyl radical anion, an important intermediate in biological redox reactions, although the study of its ultrafast dynamics is limited. Here, we utilize femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast structural reorganization dynamics that follow the photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion in aqueous solution. Photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion leads to vibrational wave packet motion along seven vibrational modes that are coupled to the photodetachment process. The vibrational modes are assigned with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results offer a glimpse of the elementary dynamics of ionized biomolecules and suggest the possibility of extending this approach to investigate the ionization-induced structural rearrangement of other aromatic amino acids and larger biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Yong Liang Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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13
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Ban L, West CW, Chasovskikh E, Gartmann TE, Yoder BL, Signorell R. Below Band Gap Formation of Solvated Electrons in Neutral Water Clusters? J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7959-7965. [PMID: 32878434 PMCID: PMC7536715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Below band gap formation of solvated electrons in neutral water clusters using pump-probe photoelectron imaging is compared with recent data for liquid water and with above band gap excitation studies in liquid and clusters. Similar relaxation times on the order of 200 fs and 1-2 ps are retrieved for below and above band gap excitation, in both clusters and liquid. The independence of the relaxation times from the generation process indicates that these times are dominated by the solvent response, which is significantly slower than the various solvated electron formation processes. The analysis of the temporal evolution of the vertical electron binding energy and the electron binding energy at half-maximum suggests a dependence of the solvation time on the binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Ban
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher W. West
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egor Chasovskikh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E. Gartmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce L. Yoder
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Lapointe F, Wolf M, Campen RK, Tong Y. Probing the Birth and Ultrafast Dynamics of Hydrated Electrons at the Gold/Liquid Water Interface via an Optoelectronic Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18619-18627. [PMID: 32954719 PMCID: PMC7596759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The hydrated electron
has fundamental and practical significance
in radiation and radical chemistry, catalysis, and radiobiology. While
its bulk properties have been extensively studied, its behavior at
solid/liquid interfaces is still unclear due to the lack of effective
tools to characterize this short-lived species in between two condensed
matter layers. In this study, we develop a novel optoelectronic technique
for the characterization of the birth and structural evolution of
solvated electrons at the metal/liquid interface with a femtosecond
time resolution. Using this tool, we record for the first time the
transient spectra (in a photon energy range from 0.31 to 1.85 eV) in situ with a time resolution of 50 fs revealing several
novel aspects of their properties at the interface. Especially the
transient species show state-dependent optical transition behaviors
from being isotropic in the hot state to perpendicular to the surface
in the trapped and solvated states. The technique will enable a better
understanding of hot electron driven reactions at electrochemical
interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lapointe
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kramer Campen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yujin Tong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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15
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Yamamoto YI, Suzuki T. Ultrafast Dynamics of Water Radiolysis: Hydrated Electron Formation, Solvation, Recombination, and Scavenging. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5510-5516. [PMID: 32551690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast formation, solvation, and geminate recombination of hydrated electrons upon vacuum ultraviolet photoexcitation of liquid water and the static and dynamic scavenging by NO3- are investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The solvation time constant for excess electrons is typical of that for liquid water but increases slightly with increasing excitation energy. The electron survival probability for geminate recombination is found to be much lower than the literature values owing to previously unobserved ultrafast geminate recombination in a period of 5 ps. NO3- induces the ultrafast (static) scavenging of photoexcited electronic states of liquid water and the dynamic scavenging of detached electrons with a reaction rate that is dependent on the excitation energy. The formation of hydrated electrons at 7.7 eV is ascribed to a H-atom-transfer process, but it is plausible that additional formation channels open at higher energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Bhattacharyya D, Mizuno H, Rizzuto AM, Zhang Y, Saykally RJ, Bradforth SE. New Insights into the Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Spectrum of Aqueous Iodide: Surface versus Bulk. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1656-1661. [PMID: 32040333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) transitions are important, as they serve as photochemical routes to solvated electrons. In this work, broadband deep-ultraviolet electronic sum frequency generation (DUV-ESFG) and two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopic techniques were used to assign and compare the nature of the aqueous iodide CTTS excitations at the air/water interface and in bulk solution. In the one-photon absorption (1PA) spectrum, excitation to the 6s Rydberg-like orbital (5p → 6s) gives rise to a pair of spin-orbit split iodine states, 2P3/2 and 2P1/2. In the 2PA spectra, the lower-energy 2P3/2 peak is absent and the observed 2PA peak, which is ∼0.14 eV blue-shifted relative to the upper 2P1/2 CTTS peak seen in 1PA, arises from 5p → 6p electronic promotion. The band observed in the ESFG spectrum is attributed to mixing of excited states involving 5p → 6p and 5p → 6s promotions caused by both vibronic coupling and the external electric field generated by asymmetric interfacial solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hikaru Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony M Rizzuto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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17
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Karashima S, Yamamoto YI, Suzuki T. Ultrafast Internal Conversion and Solvation of Electrons in Water, Methanol, and Ethanol. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4499-4504. [PMID: 31343891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast internal conversion from the first excited state of a solvated electron in water, methanol, and ethanol is investigated using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquid microjets and a spectral retrieval method. Photoelectron spectra corrected for inelastic scattering clearly reveal well-separated signals from the excited and ground states, and the latter enables us to analyze the solvation dynamics in the ground state after internal conversion. Measurements with 25 fs time resolution identify a rapid increase in the vertical electron binding energy of the solvated electron owing to nuclear wave packet motions in the excited state and allow us to precisely determine the internal conversion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Karashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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18
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Ultrafast structural rearrangement dynamics induced by the photodetachment of phenoxide in aqueous solution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2944. [PMID: 31270331 PMCID: PMC6610110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The elementary processes that accompany the interaction of ionizing radiation with biologically relevant molecules are of fundamental importance. However, the ultrafast structural rearrangement dynamics induced by the ionization of biomolecules in aqueous solution remain hitherto unknown. Here, we employ femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy to elucidate the vibrational wave packet dynamics that follow the photodetachment of phenoxide, a structural mimic of tyrosine, in aqueous solution. Photodetachment of phenoxide leads to wave packet dynamics of the phenoxyl radical along 12 different vibrational modes. Eight of the modes are totally symmetric and support structural rearrangement upon electron ejection. Comparison to a previous photodetachment study of phenoxide in the gas phase reveals the important role played by the solvent environment in driving ultrafast structural reorganization induced by ionizing radiation. This work provides insight into the ultrafast molecular dynamics that follow the interaction of ionizing radiation with molecules in aqueous solution. The interaction of biomolecules with ionizing radiation induces structural changes which are still largely unknown. The authors use femtosecond wave packet spectroscopy to observe ultrafast structural dynamics that follow the photodetachment of phenoxide in aqueous solution.
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19
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Pavliuk MV, Gutiérrez Álvarez S, Hattori Y, Messing ME, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Szlachetko J, Silva JL, Araujo CM, A Fernandes DL, Lu L, Kiely CJ, Abdellah M, Nordlander P, Sá J. Hydrated Electron Generation by Excitation of Copper Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1743-1749. [PMID: 30920838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated electrons are important in radiation chemistry and charge-transfer reactions, with applications that include chemical damage of DNA, catalysis, and signaling. Conventionally, hydrated electrons are produced by pulsed radiolysis, sonolysis, two-ultraviolet-photon laser excitation of liquid water, or photodetachment of suitable electron donors. Here we report a method for the generation of hydrated electrons via single-visible-photon excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of supported sub-3 nm copper nanoparticles in contact with water. Only excitations at the LSPR maximum resulted in the formation of hydrated electrons, suggesting that plasmon excitation plays a crucial role in promoting electron transfer from the nanoparticle into the solution. The reactivity of the hydrated electrons was confirmed via proton reduction and concomitant H2 evolution in the presence of a Ru/TiO2 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia V Pavliuk
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sol Gutiérrez Álvarez
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Yocefu Hattori
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maria E Messing
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 118, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-31342 Krakow , Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jose L Silva
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Carlos Moyses Araujo
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Daniel L A Fernandes
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Christopher J Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science , South Valley University , 83523 Qena , Egypt
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics , Rice University , 6100 South Main Street , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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20
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LaForge AC, Michiels R, Bohlen M, Callegari C, Clark A, von Conta A, Coreno M, Di Fraia M, Drabbels M, Huppert M, Finetti P, Ma J, Mudrich M, Oliver V, Plekan O, Prince KC, Shcherbinin M, Stranges S, Svoboda V, Wörner HJ, Stienkemeier F. Real-Time Dynamics of the Formation of Hydrated Electrons upon Irradiation of Water Clusters with Extreme Ultraviolet Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:133001. [PMID: 31012607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Free electrons in a polar liquid can form a bound state via interaction with the molecular environment. This so-called hydrated electron state in water is of fundamental importance, e.g., in cellular biology or radiation chemistry. Hydrated electrons are highly reactive radicals that can either directly interact with DNA or enzymes, or form highly excited hydrogen (H^{*}) after being captured by protons. Here, we investigate the formation of the hydrated electron in real-time employing extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses from a free electron laser, in this way observing the initial steps of the hydration process. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy we find formation timescales in the low picosecond range and resolve the prominent dynamics of forming excited hydrogen states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bohlen
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Clark
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A von Conta
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Huppert
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Ma
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - V Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Tasc IOM-CNR, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Svoboda
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Tyson AL, Verlet JRR. On the Mechanism of Phenolate Photo-Oxidation in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2373-2379. [PMID: 30768899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photo-oxidation dynamics following ultraviolet (257 nm) excitation of the phenolate anion in aqueous solution is studied using broadband (550-950 nm) transient absorption spectroscopy. A clear signature from electron ejection is observed on a sub-picosecond timescale, followed by cooling dynamics and the decay of the signal to a constant offset that is assigned to the hydrated electron. The dynamics are compared to the charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics from iodide at the same excitation wavelength and are shown to be very similar to these. This is in stark contrast to a previous study on the phenolate anion excited at 266 nm, in which electron emission was observed over longer timescales. We account for the differences using a simple Marcus picture for electron emission in which the electron tunneling rate depends sensitively on the initial excitation energy. After electron emission, a contact pair is formed which undergoes geminate recombination and dissociation to form the free hydrated electron at rates that are slightly faster than those for the iodide system. Our results show that, although the underlying chemical physics of electron emission differs between iodide and phenolate, the observed dynamics can appear very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
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22
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Koga M, Yoneda Y, Sotome H, Miyasaka H. Ionization dynamics of a phenylenediamine derivative in solutions as revealed by femtosecond simultaneous and stepwise two-photon excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2889-2898. [PMID: 30451254 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with off-resonant simultaneous and resonant stepwise two-photon excitation methods were applied to the direct observation of photoionization dynamics of a phenylenediamine derivative in n-hexane, ethanol and acetonitrile solutions. Upon the selective excitation of the solute via the off-resonant two-photon excitation to the energy level almost equivalent with the ionization potential in the gas phase, rapid appearance of the radical cation (within ca. 100-200 fs) was observed in polar and nonpolar solutions. On the other hand, in the case where the excited energy level from the ground state is 0.8 eV lower than the ionization potential in the gas phase, the radical cation appears only in polar solutions in sub-ps to ps time scales, indicating that the photoionization does not occur directly from the highly electronically excited state even in the polar solution. Comparison of the dynamics between ethanol and acetonitrile solutions strongly suggested that the solvation process of the precursor species leading to the ionization took a crucial role in the electron ejection process with lower energy in polar solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Koga
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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23
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Rivas N, Moriena G, Domenianni L, Hodak JH, Marceca E. Counterion effects on the ultrafast dynamics of charge-transfer-to-solvent electrons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31581-31591. [PMID: 29170768 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We performed femtosecond transient absorption (TA) experiments to monitor the solvation dynamics of charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) electrons originating from UV photoexcitation of ammoniated iodide in close proximity to the counterions. Solutions of KI were prepared in liquid ammonia and TA experiments were carried out at different temperatures and densities, along the liquid-gas coexistence curve of the fluid. The results complement previous femtosecond TA work by P. Vöhringer's group in neat ammonia via multiphoton ionization. The dynamics of CTTS-detached electrons in ammonia was found to be strongly affected by ion pairing. Geminate recombination time constants as well as escape probabilities were determined from the measured temporal profiles and analysed as a function of the medium density. A fast unresolved (τ < 250 fs) increase of absorption related to the creation/thermalization of solvated electron species was followed by two decay components: one with a characteristic time around 10 ps, and a slower one that remains active for hundreds of picoseconds. While the first process is attributed to an early recombination of (I, e-) pairs, the second decay and its asymptote reflects the effect of the K+ counterion on the geminate recombination dynamics, rate and yield. The cation basically acts as an electron anchor that restricts the ejection distance, leading to solvent-separated counterion-electron species. The formation of (K+, NH3, e-) pairs close to the parent iodine atom brings the electron escape probability to very low values. Transient spectra of the electron species have also been estimated as a function of time by probing the temporal profiles at different wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rivas
- DQIAQF-FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3er piso, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Argentina.
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24
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Mason PE, Buttersack T, Bauerecker S, Jungwirth P. A Non-Exploding Alkali Metal Drop on Water: From Blue Solvated Electrons to Bursting Molten Hydroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13019-13022. [PMID: 27489173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metals in water are always at the brink of explosion. Herein, we show that this vigorous reaction can be kept in a non-exploding regime, revealing a fascinating richness of hitherto unexplored chemical processes. A combination of high-speed camera imaging and visible/near-infrared/infrared spectroscopy allowed us to catch and characterize the system at each stage of the reaction. After gently placing a drop of a sodium/potassium alloy on water under an inert atmosphere, the production of solvated electrons became so strong that their characteristic blue color could be observed with the naked eye. The exoergic reaction leading to the formation of hydrogen and hydroxide eventually heated the alkali metal drop such that it became glowing red, and part of the metal evaporated. As a result of the reaction, a perfectly transparent drop consisting of molten hydroxide was temporarily stabilized on water through the Leidenfrost effect, bursting spectacularly after it had cooled sufficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Mason
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tillmann Buttersack
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sigurd Bauerecker
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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25
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Mason PE, Buttersack T, Bauerecker S, Jungwirth P. A Non-Exploding Alkali Metal Drop on Water: From Blue Solvated Electrons to Bursting Molten Hydroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Mason
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tillmann Buttersack
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sigurd Bauerecker
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Physics and Technology; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University; Tomsk 634050 Russia
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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26
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A pyrene dihydrodioxin with pyridinium “arms”: A photochemically active DNA cleaving agent with unusual duplex stabilizing and electron trapping properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Elkins MH, Williams HL, Neumark DM. Dynamics of electron solvation in methanol: Excited state relaxation and generation by charge-transfer-to-solvent. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:234501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H. Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holly L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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28
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Mason PE, Uhlig F, Vaněk V, Buttersack T, Bauerecker S, Jungwirth P. Coulomb explosion during the early stages of the reaction of alkali metals with water. Nat Chem 2015; 7:250-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Direct observation of the collapse of the delocalized excess electron in water. Nat Chem 2014; 6:697-701. [PMID: 25054939 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that the hydrated electron occupies a quasi-spherical cavity surrounded by only a few water molecules in its equilibrated state. However, in the very moment of its generation, before water has had time to respond to the extra charge, it is expected to be significantly larger in size. According to a particle-in-a-box picture, the frequency of its absorption spectrum is a sensitive measure of the initial size of the electronic wavefunction. Here, using transient terahertz spectroscopy, we show that the excess electron initially absorbs in the far-infrared at a frequency for which accompanying ab initio molecular dynamics simulations estimate an initial delocalization length of ≈ 40 Å. The electron subsequently shrinks due to solvation and thereby leaves the terahertz observation window very quickly, within ≈ 200 fs.
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30
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW, Crowell RA, Wishart JF. Photo- and Radiation-Chemistry of Halide Anions in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5742-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4042793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W. Marin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemistry Department, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois
60532, United States
| | - R. A. Crowell
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000,
United States
| | - James F. Wishart
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000,
United States
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31
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Doan SC, Schwartz BJ. Ultrafast Studies of Excess Electrons in Liquid Acetonitrile: Revisiting the Solvated Electron/Solvent Dimer Anion Equilibrium. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4216-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Doan
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
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32
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Horio T, Shen H, Adachi S, Suzuki T. Photoelectron spectra of solvated electrons in bulk water, methanol, and ethanol. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Marsalek O, Elles CG, Pieniazek PA, Pluhařová E, VandeVondele J, Bradforth SE, Jungwirth P. Chasing charge localization and chemical reactivity following photoionization in liquid water. J Chem Phys 2012; 135:224510. [PMID: 22168706 DOI: 10.1063/1.3664746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of the cationic hole formed in bulk liquid water following ionization is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and an experimentally accessible signature is suggested that might be tracked by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. This is one of the fastest fundamental processes occurring in radiation-induced chemistry in aqueous systems and biological tissue. However, unlike the excess electron formed in the same process, the nature and time evolution of the cationic hole has been hitherto little studied. Simulations show that an initially partially delocalized cationic hole localizes within ~30 fs after which proton transfer to a neighboring water molecule proceeds practically immediately, leading to the formation of the OH radical and the hydronium cation in a reaction which can be formally written as H(2)O(+) + H(2)O → OH + H(3)O(+). The exact amount of initial spin delocalization is, however, somewhat method dependent, being realistically described by approximate density functional theory methods corrected for the self-interaction error. Localization, and then the evolving separation of spin and charge, changes the electronic structure of the radical center. This is manifested in the spectrum of electronic excitations which is calculated for the ensemble of ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM∕MM) formalism applying the equation of motion coupled-clusters method to the radical core. A clear spectroscopic signature is predicted by the theoretical model: as the hole transforms into a hydroxyl radical, a transient electronic absorption in the visible shifts to the blue, growing toward the near ultraviolet. Experimental evidence for this primary radiation-induced process is sought using femtosecond photoionization of liquid water excited with two photons at 11 eV. Transient absorption measurements carried out with ~40 fs time resolution and broadband spectral probing across the near-UV and visible are presented and direct comparisons with the theoretical simulations are made. Within the sensitivity and time resolution of the current measurement, a matching spectral signature is not detected. This result is used to place an upper limit on the absorption strength and/or lifetime of the localized H(2)O(+) ((aq)) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Marsalek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Suzuki T. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of non-adiabatic electronic dynamics in gas and liquid phases. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.699346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Abel B, Buck U, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. On the nature and signatures of the solvated electron in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:22-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Fischer MK, Rossmadl H, Iglev H. Novel geminate recombination channel after indirect photoionization of water. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:214507. [PMID: 21663367 DOI: 10.1063/1.3597776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the photolysis of neat protonated and heavy water using pump-probe and pump-repump-probe spectroscopy. A novel recombination channel is reported leading to ultrafast quenching (0.7 ± 0.1 ps) of almost one third of the initial number of photo-generated electrons. The efficiency and the recombination rate of this channel are lower in heavy water, 27 ± 5% and (0.9 ± 0.1 ps)(-1), respectively. Comparison with similar data measured after photodetachment of aqueous hydroxide provides evidence for the formation of short-lived OH:e(-) (OD:e(-)) pairs after indirect photoionization of water at 9.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Fischer
- Physik-Department E 11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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37
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Chen X, Larsen DS, Bradforth SE, van Stokkum IHM. Broadband Spectral Probing Revealing Ultrafast Photochemical Branching after Ultraviolet Excitation of the Aqueous Phenolate Anion. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3807-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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38
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Suzuki YI, Shen H, Tang Y, Kurahashi N, Sekiguchi K, Mizuno T, Suzuki T. Isotope effect on ultrafast charge-transfer-to-solvent reaction from I− to water in aqueous NaI solution. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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39
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Torres-Alacan J, Kratz S, Vöhringer P. Independent pairs and Monte-Carlo simulations of the geminate recombination of solvated electrons in liquid-to-supercritical water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20806-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Abstract
The dynamics of hydrated electrons at the water/air interface are investigated using time-resolved second-harmonic generation spectroscopy. Initial solvation occurs in approximately 1 ps, and the electron remains at the interface for >750 ps. The location of the electron relative to the dividing surface is investigated using surfactants, which show that the electron is hydrated in the interfacial region, below the dividing surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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41
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Marsalek O, Uhlig F, Frigato T, Schmidt B, Jungwirth P. Dynamics of electron localization in warm versus cold water clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:043002. [PMID: 20867840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The process of electron localization on a cluster of 32 water molecules at 20, 50, and 300 K is unraveled using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. In warm, liquid clusters, the excess electron relaxes from an initial diffuse and weakly bound structure to an equilibrated, strongly bound species within 1.5 ps. In contrast, in cold, glassy clusters the relaxation processes is not completed and the electron becomes trapped in a metastable surface state with an intermediate binding energy. These results question the validity of extrapolations of the properties of solvated electrons from cold clusters of increasing size to the liquid bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Marsalek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
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42
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Fedorenko S. Two-state model of excess electron relaxation and geminate recombination in water and aqueous solutions. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Glover WJ, Larsen RE, Schwartz BJ. First principles multielectron mixed quantum/classical simulations in the condensed phase. II. The charge-transfer-to-solvent states of sodium anions in liquid tetrahydrofuran. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:144102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3352565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Menzeleev AR, Miller TF. Ring polymer molecular dynamics beyond the linear response regime: Excess electron injection and trapping in liquids. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:034106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3292576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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45
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Lübcke A, Buchner F, Heine N, Hertel IV, Schultz T. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of solvated electrons in aqueous NaI solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14629-34. [PMID: 20886131 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lübcke
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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46
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Larsen MC, Schwartz BJ. Searching for solvent cavities via electron photodetachment: The ultrafast charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics of sodide in a series of ether solvents. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3245864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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47
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Relaxation Dynamics upon Ultrashort UV Photo-Excitation of an Iodide Doped Ionic Liquid and of a Pure Lithium Iodide Melt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2006.220.10.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of photolytically generated solvated electrons were investigated for the first time in a pure lithium iodide (LiI) melt at 480 °C and in an iodide doped room-temperature ionic liquid. A 70 fs UV-pulse was used to generate excess electrons and their subsequent transient response was monitored in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. In LiI a pulse-duration limited rise of the induced absorption at all probe wavelengths was attributed to the formation of excess electrons. A minor portion of these electrons (∼20%) were subject to geminate recombination with a time constant of 2 ps. Thereafter, the induced absorption remained unaltered for over 100 ps. The ultrafast dynamics in an iodide doped room-temperature ionic liquid contrasts with the ultrafast response of excess electrons in LiI and in pure room temperature ionic liquids. First, the formation of solvated electrons seems to be delayed by up to 2 ps and second, iodine atoms act as efficient electron scavengers on a tens of ps time scale. As a result, ∼80% of the initially prepared solvated electrons undergo geminate recombination after about 70 ps. Furthermore, an additional component around 720 nm is attributed to the formation of diiodide.
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48
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Fischer MK, Laubereau A, Iglev H. Femtosecond electron detachment of aqueous bromide studied by two and three pulse spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10939-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b913688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Glover WJ, Larsen RE, Schwartz BJ. The roles of electronic exchange and correlation in charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics: Many-electron nonadiabatic mixed quantum/classical simulations of photoexcited sodium anions in the condensed phase. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2996350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Cavanagh MC, Young RM, Schwartz BJ. The roles of the solute and solvent cavities in charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics: Ultrafast studies of potasside and sodide in diethyl ether. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:134503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2977995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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