1
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Salzburger M, Saragi RT, Wensink FJ, Cunningham EM, Beyer MK, Bakker JM, Ončák M, van der Linde C. Carbon Dioxide and Water Activation by Niobium Trioxide Anions in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3402-3411. [PMID: 37040467 PMCID: PMC10123662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals are important in various industrial applications including catalysis. Due to the current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, various ways for its capture and utilization are investigated. Here, we study the activation of CO2 and H2O at [NbO3]- in the gas phase using a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. In the experiments, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is combined with tunable IR laser light provided by the intracavity free-electron laser FELICE or optical parametric oscillator-based table-top laser systems. We present spectra of [NbO3]-, [NbO2(OH)2]-, [NbO2(OH)2]-(H2O) and [NbO(OH)2(CO3)]- in the 240-4000 cm-1 range. The measured spectra and observed dissociation channels together with quantum chemical calculations confirm that upon interaction with a water molecule, [NbO3]- is transformed to [NbO2(OH)2]- via a barrierless reaction. Reaction of this product with CO2 leads to [NbO(OH)2(CO3)]- with the formation of a [CO3] moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Salzburger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rizalina T Saragi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank J Wensink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethan M Cunningham
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joost M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Levin N, Margraf JT, Lengyel J, Reuter K, Tschurl M, Heiz U. CO 2-Activation by size-selected tantalum cluster cations (Ta 1-16+): thermalization governing reaction selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2623-2629. [PMID: 35029252 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of tantalum cluster cations of different sizes toward carbon dioxide are studied in an ion trap under multi-collisional conditions. For all sizes studied, consecutive reactions with several CO2 molecules are observed. This reveals two different pathways, namely oxide formation and the pickup of an entire molecule. Supported by calculations of the thermochemistry of TanO+ formation upon reaction with CO2, changes in the branching ratios at a particular cluster size are related to heat effects due to the vibrational heat capacity of the clusters and the exothermicity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany.
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3
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Junxi L, Yu D, Fupeng Z, Jun B, Zhenhua L, Yu L, Qiong S. Theoretical Study on Aluminum Oxide Cluster Anions A1
2
O
x
−
(x=2−5) with Rhombus Structure. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Junxi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Duan Yu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Zhang Fupeng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Bai Jun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Li Zhenhua
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Li Yu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
| | - Su Qiong
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composites and Biomass Utilization College of Chemical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou Gansu 730030 China
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4
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Hardy RA, Karayilan AM, Metha GF. Using Photoionization Efficiency Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory to Investigate Charge Transfer Interactions in AuCe3On Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5812-5823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Aidan M. Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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5
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Kaur N, Gupta S, Goel N. Understanding structure-activity relation in V xO y clusters of varied stoichiometry and sizes through conceptual density functional approach. J Mol Model 2019; 25:319. [PMID: 31598882 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Computations have been performed on VxOy clusters (with x = 1-8, y = 1-21) to explore their structure, stability, and reactivity based on local and global reactivity descriptors defined within the formalism of density functional theory (DFT). The vertical and adiabatic ionization energies and electron affinities are in accordance with Franck-Condon principle and suggest that the VxOy clusters are more likely to be electron acceptors than donors. The structure and reactivity of VxOy clusters delicately depend on their oxygen content and environment. Distinct active sites have been identified for each cluster species on the basis of coordination, symmetry, and charge distribution. The propensity of all the reactive sites towards an approaching electrophile and/or nucleophile has been studied using local reactivity descriptor. In oxygen-poor clusters, the vanadium atoms are more prone to nucleophilic attack. With an increase in oxygen concentration, the coordination number of vanadium increases and reaches four-fold, the site for nucleophilic attack shifts to terminal oxygens. We conclude that of all the stoichiometries, the stable VxOy clusters have the (VO3)a(V2O5)b formula unit. The localization of positive charge density in cubic cage structure of V8O20 successfully traps halide ions (F-, Cl-, and Br-). In view of increasing use of metal oxide clusters in heterogeneous catalysis, the understanding of structure-activity relationship in vanadium oxides' clusters provided in the current study is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shuchi Gupta
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Neetu Goel
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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6
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Damoyi NE, Friedrich HB, Kruger GH, Willock D. A DFT mechanistic study of the ODH of n-hexane over isolated H3VO4. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Masuzaki D, Nagata T, Mafuné F. Desorption of Oxygen from Cationic Niobium Oxide Clusters Revealed by Gas Phase Thermal Desorption Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2079-2085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Masuzaki
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nagata
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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8
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Wu JWJ, Moriyama R, Nakano M, Ohshimo K, Misaizu F. Compositions and structures of niobium oxide cluster ions, NbmOn±, (m = 2–12), revealed by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24903-24914. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compositions and structures of niobium oxide cluster ions were studied and compared with vanadium oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna W. J. Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Ryoichi Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nakano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
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9
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Ma R, Guo M, Lin KT, Hebert VR, Zhang J, Wolcott MP, Quintero M, Ramasamy KK, Chen X, Zhang X. Peracetic Acid Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignin for Production of Selective Monomeric Phenolic Compounds. Chemistry 2016; 22:10884-91. [PMID: 27373451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of renewable material with an aromatic skeleton. However, due to the recalcitrant and heterogeneous nature of the lignin polymer, it has been a challenge to effectively depolymerize lignin and produce high-value chemicals with high selectivity. In this study, a highly efficient lignin-to-monomeric phenolic compounds (MPC) conversion method based on peracetic acid (PAA) treatment was reported. PAA treatment of two biorefinery lignin samples, diluted acid pretreated corn stover lignin (DACSL) and steam exploded spruce lignin (SESPL), led to complete solubilization and production of selective hydroxylated monomeric phenolic compounds (MPC-H) and monomeric phenolic acid compounds (MPC-A) including 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The maximized MPC yields obtained were 18 and 22 % based on the initial weight of the lignin in SESPL and DACSL, respectively. However, we found that the addition of niobium pentoxide catalyst to PAA treatment of lignin can significantly improve the MPC yields up to 47 %. The key reaction steps and main mechanisms involved in this new lignin-to-MPC valorization pathway were investigated and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Ma
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mond Guo
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Kuan-Ting Lin
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Vincent R Hebert
- Food and Environmental Laboratory, Washington State, University-TriCities, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Wood Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Michael P Wolcott
- Wood Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Melissa Quintero
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Karthikeyan K Ramasamy
- Chemical and Biological Process Development Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80127, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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10
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de Almeida K, Silva T, Neto J, Rocha M, Ramalho T, de Miranda M, Duarte H. Methane C–H bond activation by niobium oxides: Theoretical analyses of the bonding and reactivity properties of Nbomn+ (m = 1, 2; n = 0, 1, 2). J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Ding XL, Wang D, Wu XN, Li ZY, Zhao YX, He SG. High reactivity of nanosized niobium oxide cluster cations in methane activation: A comparison with vanadium oxides. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124312. [PMID: 26429016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions between methane and niobium oxide cluster cations were studied and compared to those employing vanadium oxides. Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions were identified over stoichiometric (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters for N as large as 14 with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reactivity of (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters decreases as the N increases, and it is higher than that of (V 2O5)N(+) for N ≥ 4. Theoretical studies were conducted on (Nb2O5)N(+) (N = 2-6) by density functional calculations. HAA reactions on these clusters are all favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. The difference of the reactivity with respect to the cluster size and metal type (Nb vs V) was attributed to thermodynamics, kinetics, the electron capture ability, and the distribution of the unpaired spin density. Nanosized Nb oxide clusters show higher HAA reactivity than V oxides, indicating that niobia may serve as promising catalysts for practical methane conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wu XN, Tang SY, Zhao HT, Weiske T, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Ethane Activation by Bare [V2O5]+and [Nb2O5]+Cluster Cations: on the Origin of Their Different Reactivities. Chemistry 2014; 20:6672-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Group VB transition metal oxide clusters M4O n −/0 (M = Nb, Ta; n = 8–11): structural evolution and chemical bonding. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Tian LH, Meng JH, Wu XN, Zhao YX, Ding XL, He SG, Ma TM. Reactivity of Oxygen Radical Anions Bound to Scandia Nanoparticles in the Gas Phase: CH Bond Activation. Chemistry 2013; 20:1167-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Al Hasan NM, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Gas-phase synthesis of singly and multiply charged polyoxovanadate anions employing electrospray ionization and collision induced dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1385-1395. [PMID: 23817833 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) combined with in-source fragmentation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments were used to generate a wide range of singly and multiply charged vanadium oxide cluster anions including VxOy(n-) and VxOyCl(n-) ions (x = 1-14, y = 2-36, n = 1-3), protonated clusters, and ligand-bound polyoxovanadate anions. The cluster anions were produced by electrospraying a solution of tetradecavanadate, V14O36Cl(L)5 (L = Et4N(+), tetraethylammonium), in acetonitrile. Under mild source conditions, ESI-MS generates a distribution of doubly and triply charged VxOyCl(n-) and VxOyCl(L)((n-1)-) clusters predominantly containing 14 vanadium atoms as well as their protonated analogs. Accurate mass measurement using a high-resolution LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer (m/Δm = 60,000 at m/z 410) enabled unambiguous assignment of the elemental composition of the majority of peaks in the ESI-MS spectrum. In addition, high-sensitivity mass spectrometry allowed the charge state of the cluster ions to be assigned based on the separation of the major from the much less abundant minor isotope of vanadium. In-source fragmentation resulted in facile formation of smaller VxOyCl((1-2)-) and VxOy ((1-2)-) anions. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments enabled systematic study of the gas-phase fragmentation pathways of the cluster anions originating from solution and from in-source CID. Surprisingly simple fragmentation patterns were obtained for all singly and doubly charged VxOyCl and VxOy species generated through multiple MS/MS experiments. In contrast, cluster anions originating directly from solution produced comparatively complex CID spectra. These results are consistent with the formation of more stable structures of VxOyCl and VxOy anions through low-energy CID. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that solution-phase synthesis of one precursor cluster anion combined with gas-phase CID is an efficient approach for the top-down synthesis of a wide range of singly and multiply charged gas-phase metal oxide cluster anions for subsequent investigations of structure and reactivity using mass spectrometry and ion spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila M Al Hasan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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16
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Tang X, Li X, Wang Y, Wepasnick K, Lim A, Fairbrother DH, Bowen KH, Mangler T, Noessner S, Wolke C, Grossmann M, Koop A, Gantefoer G, Kiran B, Kandalam AK. Size Selected Clusters on Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/438/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Chen WJ, Zhang CF, Zhang XH, Zhang YF, Huang X. Computational study on the molecular structures and photoelectron spectra of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 109:125-132. [PMID: 23523755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations are carried out to investigate the electronic and structural properties of a series of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP level yield singlet and doublet ground states for the bimetallic anionic and neutral clusters, respectively. All the clusters present the six-membered ring structures with different symmetries, except that the TaW2O9(-) cluster shows a chained style with a penta-coordinated tantalum atom. Spin density analyses reveal oxygen radical species in all neutral clusters, consistent with their structural characteristics. Moreover, additional calculations are performed to study the oxidation reaction of CO molecule with the W3O9(+) cation and the isoelectronic VW2O9 cluster, and results indicate that the introduction of vanadium at tungsten site can efficiently improve the oxidation reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
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18
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Xu B, Zhao YX, Ding XL, Liu QY, He SG. Collision-Induced Dissociation and Infrared Photodissociation Studies of Methane Adsorption on V5O12+ and V5O13+ Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2961-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401169p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
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19
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Waller SE, Mann JE, Jarrold CC. Asymmetric Partitioning of Metals among Cluster Anions and Cations Generated via Laser Ablation of Mixed Aluminum/Group 6 Transition Metal Targets. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1765-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3119692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Yin S, Xie Y, Bernstein ER. Experimental and theoretical studies of ammonia generation: Reactions of H2 with neutral cobalt nitride clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:124304. [PMID: 23020328 DOI: 10.1063/1.4754158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia generation through reaction of H(2) with neutral cobalt nitride clusters in a fast flow reactor is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Single photon ionization at 193 nm is used to detect neutral cluster distributions through time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Co(m)N(n) clusters are generated through laser ablation of Co foil into N(2)/He expansion gas. Mass peaks Co(m)NH(2) (m = 6, 10) and Co(m)NH(3) (m = 7, 8, 9) are observed for reactions of H(2) with the Co(m)N(n) clusters. Observation of these products indicates that clusters Co(m)N (m = 7, 8, 9) have high reactivity with H(2) for ammonia generation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to explore the potential energy surface for the reaction Co(7)N + 3∕2H(2) → Co(7)NH(3), and a barrierless, thermodynamically favorable pathway is obtained. An odd number of hydrogen atoms in Co(m)NH(3) (m = 7, 8, 9) probably come from the hydrogen molecule dissociation on two active cobalt nitride clusters based on the DFT calculations. Both experimental observations and theoretical calculations suggest that hydrogen dissociation on two active cobalt nitride clusters is the key step to form NH(3) in a gas phase reaction. A catalytic cycle for ammonia generation from N(2) and H(2) on a cobalt metal catalyst surface is proposed based on our experimental and theoretical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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21
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Tian LH, Ma TM, Li XN, He SG. C–H bond activation by aluminum oxide cluster anions, an experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11205-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Duncan MA. Invited review article: laser vaporization cluster sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:041101. [PMID: 22559508 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The laser vaporization cluster source has been used for the production of gas phase atomic clusters and metal-molecular complexes for 30 years. Numerous experiments in the chemistry and physics of clusters have employed this source. Its operation is simple in principle, but there are many subtle design features that influence the number and size of clusters produced, as well as their composition, charge state, and temperature. This article examines all aspects of the design of these cluster sources, discussing the relevant chemistry, physics, and mechanical aspects of experimental configurations employed by different labs. The principles detailed here provide a framework for the design and implementation of this source for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Li ZY, Zhao YX, Wu XN, Ding XL, He SG. Methane Activation by Yttrium-Doped Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cations: Local Charge Effects. Chemistry 2011; 17:11728-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Yin S, Xie Y, Bernstein ER. Hydrogenation Reactions of Ethylene on Neutral Vanadium Sulfide Clusters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10266-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2056267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Blumling DE, Sayres SG, Castleman AW. Strong-Field Ionization and Dissociation Studies on Small Early Transition Metal Carbide Clusters via Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5038-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Blumling
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott G. Sayres
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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27
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Wang ZC, Wu XN, Zhao YX, Ma JB, Ding XL, He SG. CH Activation on Aluminum-Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions. Chemistry 2011; 17:3449-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Zhai HJ, Zhang XH, Chen WJ, Huang X, Wang LS. Stoichiometric and Oxygen-Rich M2On− and M2On (M = Nb, Ta; n = 5−7) Clusters: Molecular Models for Oxygen Radicals, Diradicals, and Superoxides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3085-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110061v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Xian-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Zhao YX, Wu XN, Ma JB, He SG, Ding XL. Characterization and reactivity of oxygen-centred radicals over transition metal oxide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1925-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Chen WJ, Zhai HJ, Zhang YF, Huang X, Wang LS. On the Electronic and Structural Properties of Tri-Niobium Oxide Clusters Nb3On− (n = 3−8): Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5958-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102439v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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31
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Roithová J, Schröder D. Selective activation of alkanes by gas-phase metal ions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1170-211. [PMID: 20041696 DOI: 10.1021/cr900183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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32
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Michelini MDC, Marçalo J, Russo N, Gibson JK. Gas-Phase Reactions of Uranate Ions, UO2−, UO3−, UO4−, and UO4H−, with Methanol: a Convergence of Experiment and Theory. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:3836-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Carmen Michelini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14 C, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14 C, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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Zhai HJ, Wang B, Huang X, Wang LS. Structural evolution, sequential oxidation, and chemical bonding in tritantalum oxide clusters: Ta(3)O(n)(-) and Ta(3)O(n) (n = 1-8). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9804-13. [PMID: 19681631 DOI: 10.1021/jp905478w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT) study on a series of tritantalum oxide clusters, Ta(3)O(n)(-). Well-resolved PES spectra are obtained for Ta(3)O(n)(-) (n = 1-8) at several detachment photon energies, yielding electronic structure information which is used for comparison with the DFT calculations. A trend of sequential oxidation is observed as a function of O content until Ta(3)O(8)(-), which is a stoichiometric cluster. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest energy structures for both the anions and neutrals. The first three O atoms are shown to successively occupy the bridging sites in the Ta(3) triangle. The next three O atoms each occupy a terminal site, with the seventh and eighth O atoms forming a double-bridge and a double-terminal, respectively. The Ta(3)O(7)(-) anion is found to possess a localized electron pair on a single Ta center, making it an interesting molecular model for Ta(3+) surface sites. Molecular orbital analyses are performed to elucidate the chemical bonding in the Ta(3)O(n)(-) clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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35
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Zhai HJ, Wang B, Huang X, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic and Structural Properties of the Niobium Trimer Cluster and Its Mono- and Dioxides: Nb3On− and Nb3On (n = 0−2). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3866-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809945n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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36
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Dong F, Heinbuch S, Xie Y, Bernstein ER, Rocca JJ, Wang ZC, Ding XL, He SG. C═C Bond Cleavage on Neutral VO3(V2O5)n Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1057-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8065946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Scott Heinbuch
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jorge J. Rocca
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Departments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100190, China
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37
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Molek KS, Anfuso-Cleary C, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Iron Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - C. Anfuso-Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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38
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Dong F, Heinbuch S, Xie Y, Rocca JJ, Bernstein ER, Wang ZC, Deng K, He SG. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reactions between Neutral Vanadium Oxide Clusters and Ethane, Ethylene, and Acetylene. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1932-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076007z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott Heinbuch
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jorge J. Rocca
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China, and National Center of Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Waters T, Wedd AG, O'Hair RAJ. Gas-Phase Reactivity of Metavanadate [VO3]− towards Methanol and Ethanol: Experiment and Theory. Chemistry 2007; 13:8818-29. [PMID: 17661322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactivity of the metavanadate anion [VO3]- towards methanol and ethanol was examined by a combination of ion-molecule reaction and isotope labelling experiments in a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer. The experimental data were interpreted with the aid of density functional theory calculations. [VO3]- dehydrated methanol to eliminate water and form [VO2(eta2-OCH2)]-, which features an [eta2-C,O-OCH2]2- ligand formed by formal removal of two protons from methanol and which is isoelectronic with peroxide. [VO3]- reacted with ethanol in an analogous manner to form [VO2(eta2-OCHCH3)]-, as well as by loss of ethene to form [VO2(OH)2]-. The calculations predicted that important intermediates in these reactions were the hydroxo alkoxo anions [VO2(OH)(OCH2R)]- (R: H, CH3). These were predicted to undergo intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer to form [VO(OH)2(eta1-OCHR)]- followed by eta1-O-->eta2-C,O rearrangements to form [VO(OH)2(eta2-OCHR)]-. The latter reacted further to eliminate water and generate the product [VO2(eta2-OCHR)]-. This major product observed for [VO3]- is markedly different from that observed previously for [NbO3]- containing the heavier Group 5 congener niobium. In that case, the major product of the reaction was an ion of stoichiometry [Nb, O3, H2]- arising from the formal dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde. The origin of this difference was examined theoretically and attributed to the intermediate alkoxo anion [NbO2(OH)(OCH3)]- preferring hydride transfer to form [HNbO2(OH)]- with loss of formaldehyde. This contrasts with the hydrogen-atom-transfer pathway observed for [VO2(OH)(OCH3)]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Waters
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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40
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Zhai HJ, Döbler J, Sauer J, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic Structure of Early Transition-Metal Oxide Clusters: Polyhedral Cages of (V2O5)n- (n = 2−4) and (M2O5)2- (M = Nb, Ta). J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13270-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0750874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Döbler
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Molek KS, Reed ZD, Ricks AM, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Chromium Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8080-9. [PMID: 17665887 DOI: 10.1021/jp073789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide cluster cations, Cr(n)O(m)+, are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum exhibits a limited number of stoichiometries for each value of n, where m > n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser. At either wavelength, multiphoton absorption is required to dissociate these clusters, which is consistent with their expected strong bonding. Cluster dissociation occurs via elimination of molecular oxygen, or by fission processes producing stable cation species and/or eliminating stable neutrals such as CrO3, Cr(2)O(5), or Cr(4)O(10). Specific cation clusters identified to be stable because they are produced repeatedly in the decomposition of larger clusters include Cr(2)O(4)+, Cr(3)O(6)+, Cr(3)O(7)+, Cr(4)O(9)+, and Cr(4)O(10)+.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
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Molek KS, Jaeger TD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum oxide cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:144313. [PMID: 16238397 DOI: 10.1063/1.2050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal oxide clusters of the form M(n)O(m) (+)(M=V,Nb,Ta) are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Consistent with earlier work, cluster oxides for each value of n produce only a limited number of stoichiometries, where m>n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic of a Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser. All of these clusters require multiphoton conditions for dissociation, consistent with their expected strong bonding. Dissociation occurs by either elimination of oxygen or by fission, repeatedly producing clusters having the same specific stoichiometries. In oxygen elimination, vanadium species tend to lose units of O(2), whereas niobium and tantalum lose O atoms. For each metal increment n, oxygen elimination proceeds until a terminal stoichiometry is reached. Clusters having this stoichiometry do not eliminate more oxygen, but rather undergo fission, producing smaller M(n)O(m) (+) species. The smaller clusters produced as fission products represent the corresponding terminal stoichiometries for those smaller n values. The terminal stoichiometries identified are the same for V, Nb, and Ta oxide cluster cations. This behavior suggests that these clusters have stable bonding networks at their core, but additional excess oxygen at their periphery. These combined results determine that M(2)O(4) (+), M(3)O(7) (+), M(4)O(9) (+), M(5)O(12) (+), M(6)O(14) (+), and M(7)O(17) (+) have the greatest stability for V, Nb, and Ta oxide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
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Fielicke A, Rademann K. Molybdenum doped bismuth oxide clusters and their reactivity towards ethene: comparison with pure bismuth oxide clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zemski KA, Justes DR, Castleman AW. Studies of Metal Oxide Clusters: Elucidating Reactive Sites Responsible for the Activity of Transition Metal Oxide Catalysts. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0142334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Zemski
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - D. R. Justes
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Zemski KA, Justes DR, Castleman AW. Reactions of Group V Transition Metal Oxide Cluster Ions with Ethane and Ethylene. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Zemski
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - D. R. Justes
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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