1
|
Deshpande VV, Chauhan V, Bandyopadhyay D, Anoop A, Bhattacharyya S. Structure of small yttrium monoxide clusters, chemical bonding, and photoionization: threshold photoionization and density functional theory investigations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39011880 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The photoionization (PI) spectra of small gas-phase yttrium monoxide clusters, YnO (n = 1-8), are investigated, and the adiabatic ionization energies are determined. The stable structures are obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ground state structures are further confirmed by the CCSD(T) method. The PI spectra are calculated for these stable structures and are compared with the experimental PI spectra. The ground-state structures of the neutral and cation clusters are experimentally assigned with confidence on the basis of a favourable agreement between the experimental and calculated PI spectra. New structures are proposed for Y2O, Y6O, and Y8O compared to the previous literature. Y2O is a linear molecule in the ground state that was previously proposed as a C2v bent molecule. The YnO clusters become 3-dimensional from n ≥ 3. The O atom stays outside, bridging a triangular face of yttrium clusters. Chemical bonding between the yttrium and oxygen atoms is mostly ionic. The excess charge on the oxygen atom is around 1.4e-, transferred from the yttrium atoms bonded with it. Yttrium atoms are mostly covalently bonded. However, for the bigger clusters, free charges of both polarities appear on yttrium atoms that are not bonded with oxygen, indicating ionic interactions. Frontier orbitals consist of mainly delocalized 4d electrons with some 5s contributions, forming Y-Y bonding interactions, but with little contribution and zero contribution from the oxygen orbitals, regardless of the cluster size. The lost electron of YnO+ mostly comes from the 5s orbitals of all Y atoms in the cluster up to size n = 4, and then from 4d-5s hybrid orbitals from n ≥ 5, with the d contribution increasing with size. This is contrary to the previous view in the literature that photoionization occurs from a localized 4d orbital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vinayak Deshpande
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Vaibhav Chauhan
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - Debashis Bandyopadhyay
- Physics Department, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- School of Digital Sciences, Kerala University of Digital Science, Innovation, and Technology, Digital University Kerala, Technopark Phase IV, Pallipuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala - 695317, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharyya
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan ST, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Bimetallic Oxide Clusters YCu 2O n-/0 ( n = 2-5). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6067-6079. [PMID: 36043908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of bimetallic oxide clusters, YCu2On- and YCu2On (n = 2-5), are investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The experimental vertical detachment energies of YCu2O2-, YCu2O3-, YCu2O4-, and YCu2O5- were measured to be 1.59, 1.76, 3.85, and 3.78 eV, respectively. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra have been obtained for YCu2O2-, with a spacing of 726 ± 80 cm-1 assigned to the Y-O stretching vibrational mode. It is found that YCu2O2- and YCu2O2 have C2v symmetric planar five-membered ring structures. YCu2O3- and YCu2O3 have C2v symmetric planar six-membered ring structures. The most stable structure of YCu2O4- is a quasi-planar structure which can be viewed as one O atom interacting with the Y atom of the YCu2O3 six-membered ring, while the most stable structure of YCu2O4 is a planar seven-membered ring. YCu2O5- and YCu2O5 have nonplanar structures, which can be viewed as an O2 unit interacting with the Y atom of the YCu2O3 six-membered ring. In YCu2O3,4,5-/0, the Y-O and Cu-O bonds are dominant, while the Y-Cu and Cu-Cu interactions are weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Ting Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vizuet JP, Mortensen ML, Lewis AL, Wunch MA, Firouzi HR, McCandless GT, Balkus KJ. Fluoro-Bridged Clusters in Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17995-18000. [PMID: 34677056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The modulator 2-fluorobenzoic acid (2-fba) is widely used to prepare RE clusters in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In contrast to known RE MOF structures containing hydroxide bridging groups, we report for the first time the possible presence of fluoro bridging groups in RE MOFs. In this report we discuss the synthesis of a holmium-UiO-66 analogue as well as a novel holmium MOF, where evidence of fluorinated clusters is observed. The mechanism of fluorine extraction from 2-fba is discussed as well as the implications that these results have for previously reported RE MOF structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Vizuet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Marie L Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Abigail L Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Melissa A Wunch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Hamid R Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Ruan M, Zhao YX, He SG. Study on the Reaction of Nanosized Yttrium Oxide Cluster Anions with n-Butane in the Gas Phase. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Topolski JE, Kafader JO, Marrero-Colon V, Iyengar SS, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Exotic electronic structures of SmxCe3−xOy (x = 0-3; y = 2-4) clusters and the effect of high neutral density of low-lying states on photodetachment transition intensities. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:054305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5043490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Vicmarie Marrero-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Srinivasan S. Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Glodić P, Mihesan C, Klontzas E, Velegrakis M. Formation, Fragmentation, and Structures of YxOy(+) (x = 1, 2, y = 1 - 13) Clusters: Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:972-80. [PMID: 26812242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium oxide cluster cations have been experimentally and theoretically studied. We produced small, oxygen-rich yttrium oxide clusters, YxOy+ (x = 1, 2, y = 1–13), by mixing the laser-produced yttrium plasma with a molecular oxygen jet. Mass spectrometry measurements showed that the most stable clusters are those consisting of one yttrium and an odd number of oxygen atoms of the form YO(+)(2k+1) (k = 0–6). Additionally, we performed collision induced dissociation experiments, which indicated that the loss of pairs of oxygen atoms down to a YO+ core is the preferred fragmentation channel for all clusters investigated. Furthermore, we conduct DFT calculations and we obtained two types of low-energy structures: one containing an yttrium cation core and the other composed of YO+ core and O2 ligands, being in agreement with the observed fragmentation pattern. Finally, from the fragmentation studies, total collision cross sections are obtained and these are compared with geometrical cross sections of the calculated structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Glodić
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Claudia Mihesan
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Velegrakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suvitha A, Venkataramanan NS. DFT calculations on polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for the neutral and anionic yttrium oxide clusters. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633615500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties, polarizabilities, first and second hyperpolarizabilities of YOn clusters of [Formula: see text]–12 were studied using the quantum chemical method. The vertical ionization potential (VIP) values for the anionic clusters increase monotonically with the cluster size. Among the neutral clusters YO3 and YO8 have the least chemical hardness values, where in anionic clusters with size [Formula: see text] possesses the least chemical hardness. Anionic clusters have more electrons attracting tendency than the neutral clusters. The computed static mean polarizability of neutral yttrium oxides has positive values but is close to zero. The incorporation of oxygen atom quenches the polarizability of yttrium. The computed polarizability anisotropy of neutral clusters shows an oscillatory effect both at static and at dynamic conditions. The first hyperpolarizability for many YOn clusters are close to zero. The existence of high symmetry in these clusters reduces the first hyperpolarizability values which was supported by the small dipole moments. The computed [Formula: see text] values for the static neutral and anionic clusters show only a small variation. The decrease in the polarizability and second hyperpolarizability with size can be interpreted in terms of the electronic delocalization and chemical bonding in the clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambigapathy Suvitha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Natarajan Sathiyamoorthy Venkataramanan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
- Centre for Computational Chemistry and Materials Science (CCCMS), SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fang HL, Xu L, Li J, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Catalytic oxidation of CO by N2O on neutral Y2MO5 (M = Y, Al) clusters: a density functional theory study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The full catalytic cycle of CO oxidation by N2O on neutral Y2MO5 (M = Y, Al) clusters has been studied in the current work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu L, Zhang C, Krasnokutski SA, Yang DS. Threshold ionization, structural isomers, and electronic states of M2O2(M = Sc, Y, and La). J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4882035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
13
|
Xu L, Xia CJ, Wang LF, Xie L, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Structural evolution, sequential oxidation and chemical bonding in tri-yttrium oxide clusters: Y3Ox− and Y3Ox (x = 0–6). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of regularities for Y3Ox−/0 (x = 0–6) and all-metal aromaticity of the Y3− cluster have been discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chan-Juan Xia
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Xie
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng F, Qin L, Zhang M, Zheng H. Two pairs of isomorphism and two 3D metal–organic frameworks based on a star-like ligand tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
15
|
Rahane AB, Murkute PA, Deshpande MD, Kumar V. Density Functional Calculations of the Structural and Electronic Properties of (Y2O3)n0,±1 Clusters with n = 1–10. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5542-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Rahane
- Department of Physics, H. P. T. Arts and R. Y. K. Science College, Nasik, Maharashtra
422 005, India
- Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra
411 007, India
| | - Punam A. Murkute
- Department of Physics, H. P. T. Arts and R. Y. K. Science College, Nasik, Maharashtra
422 005, India
| | - Mrinalini D. Deshpande
- Department of Physics, H. P. T. Arts and R. Y. K. Science College, Nasik, Maharashtra
422 005, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon
122 001, Haryana, India, and Center for
Informatics, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera,
Gautam Budh Nagar 203207, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xue DX, Cairns AJ, Belmabkhout Y, Wojtas L, Liu Y, Alkordi MH, Eddaoudi M. Tunable Rare-Earth fcu-MOFs: A Platform for Systematic Enhancement of CO2 Adsorption Energetics and Uptake. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7660-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401429x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu Xue
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy J. Cairns
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Belmabkhout
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue,
Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yunling Liu
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Alkordi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu L, Zhang C, Krasnokutski SA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization and structural isomers of M3O4 (M = Sc, Y, and La). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4747530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
18
|
Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li S, Dixon DA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization of an excited state of lanthanum dioxide. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4734312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
Dibble CJ, Akin ST, Ard S, Fowler CP, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Cobalt and Nickel Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5398-404. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302560p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Dibble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - S. T. Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - S. Ard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - C. P. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Asmis KR. Structure characterization of metal oxide clusters by vibrational spectroscopy: possibilities and prospects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9270-81. [PMID: 22569919 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the methodological progress that has been made in the vibrational spectroscopy of isolated polynuclear metal oxide clusters, with particular emphasis on free electron laser-based infrared action spectroscopy of gas phase clusters, over the last decade. The possibilities, limitations and prospects of the various experimental approaches are discussed using representative examples from pivotal studies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut R Asmis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Z, Xiong SJ. Theoretical Study of YnO2 and YnO2− (n = 1−8) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:54-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907741n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - S. J. Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang Z, Xiong SJ. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of YnO (n=2–14) clusters: Density functional study. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:124308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2980055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Reed ZD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Yttrium and Lanthanum Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5354-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. D. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molek KS, Anfuso-Cleary C, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Iron Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - C. Anfuso-Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee EPF, Dyke JM, Mok DKW, Chau FT. An Ab Initio Study of the Low-Lying Electronic States of YO2 and Franck−Condon Simulation of the First Photodetachment Band of YO2−. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4511-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711948r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmond P. F. Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ U.K
| | - John M. Dyke
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ U.K
| | - Daniel K. W. Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ U.K
| | - Foo-tim Chau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Molek KS, Reed ZD, Ricks AM, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Chromium Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8080-9. [PMID: 17665887 DOI: 10.1021/jp073789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide cluster cations, Cr(n)O(m)+, are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum exhibits a limited number of stoichiometries for each value of n, where m > n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser. At either wavelength, multiphoton absorption is required to dissociate these clusters, which is consistent with their expected strong bonding. Cluster dissociation occurs via elimination of molecular oxygen, or by fission processes producing stable cation species and/or eliminating stable neutrals such as CrO3, Cr(2)O(5), or Cr(4)O(10). Specific cation clusters identified to be stable because they are produced repeatedly in the decomposition of larger clusters include Cr(2)O(4)+, Cr(3)O(6)+, Cr(3)O(7)+, Cr(4)O(9)+, and Cr(4)O(10)+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wyrwas RB, Yoder BL, Maze JT, Jarrold CC. Reactivity of Small MoxOy- Clusters toward Methane and Ethane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2157-64. [PMID: 16466251 DOI: 10.1021/jp057195n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of Mo2Oy- suboxide clusters with both methane and ethane have been studied with a combination of mass spectrometry, anion photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Reactions were carried out under "gentle" and "violent" conditions. For methane, a number of products appeared under the gentler source conditions that were more logically attributed to dissociation of Mo2Oy- clusters upon reacting with methane to form MoCH2-, Mo(O)CH2-, and HMo(O2)CH3-. With ethane, products observed under the same gentle conditions were Mo(O)C2H2-, Mo(O)C2H4-, Mo(O2)C2H4-, and Mo(O2)(C2H5)2-. As expected, more products were observed when the reactions were carried out under violent conditions. The photoelectron spectra obtained for these species were compared to calculated adiabatic and vertical electron affinities and vibrational frequencies, leading to definitive structural assignments for several of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Wyrwas
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Molek KS, Jaeger TD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum oxide cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:144313. [PMID: 16238397 DOI: 10.1063/1.2050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal oxide clusters of the form M(n)O(m) (+)(M=V,Nb,Ta) are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Consistent with earlier work, cluster oxides for each value of n produce only a limited number of stoichiometries, where m>n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic of a Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser. All of these clusters require multiphoton conditions for dissociation, consistent with their expected strong bonding. Dissociation occurs by either elimination of oxygen or by fission, repeatedly producing clusters having the same specific stoichiometries. In oxygen elimination, vanadium species tend to lose units of O(2), whereas niobium and tantalum lose O atoms. For each metal increment n, oxygen elimination proceeds until a terminal stoichiometry is reached. Clusters having this stoichiometry do not eliminate more oxygen, but rather undergo fission, producing smaller M(n)O(m) (+) species. The smaller clusters produced as fission products represent the corresponding terminal stoichiometries for those smaller n values. The terminal stoichiometries identified are the same for V, Nb, and Ta oxide cluster cations. This behavior suggests that these clusters have stable bonding networks at their core, but additional excess oxygen at their periphery. These combined results determine that M(2)O(4) (+), M(3)O(7) (+), M(4)O(9) (+), M(5)O(12) (+), M(6)O(14) (+), and M(7)O(17) (+) have the greatest stability for V, Nb, and Ta oxide clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yoder BL, Maze JT, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Structures of Mo2Oy− and Mo2Oy (y=2, 3, and 4) studied by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094313. [PMID: 15836134 DOI: 10.1063/1.1853379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The competitive structural isomers of the Mo(2)O(y) (-)Mo(2)O(y) (y=2, 3, and 4) clusters are investigated using a combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The PE spectrum and calculations for MoO(3) (-)MoO(3) are also presented to show the level of agreement to be expected between the spectra and calculations. For MoO(3) (-) and MoO(3), the calculations predict symmetric C(3v) structures, an adiabatic electron affinity of 3.34 eV, which is above the observed value 3.17(2) eV. However, there is good agreement between observed and calculated vibrational frequencies and band profiles. The PE spectra of Mo(2)O(2) (-) and Mo(2)O(3) (-) are broad and congested, with partially resolved vibrational structure on the lowest energy bands observed in the spectra. The electron affinities (EA(a)s) of the corresponding clusters are 2.24(2) and 2.33(7) eV, respectively. Based on the calculations, the most stable structure of Mo(2)O(2) (-) is Y shaped, with the two Mo atoms directly bonded. Assignment of the Mo(2)O(3) (-) spectrum is less definitive, but a O-Mo-O-Mo-O structure is more consistent with overall electronic structure observed in the spectrum. The PE spectrum of Mo(2)O(4) (-) shows cleanly resolved vibrational structure and electronic bands, and the EA of the corresponding Mo(2)O(4) is determined to be 2.13(4) eV. The structure most consistent with the observed spectrum has two oxygen bridge bonds between the Mo atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Pramann A, Koyasu K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cobalt Oxide Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Pramann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Kaya
- Institute of Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pramann A, Koyasu K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of VnOm− (n=4–15;m=0–2). J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1461824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|