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Nicolaidou E, Parker AW, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Hayes SC. Unraveling Excited State Dynamics of a Single-Stranded DNA-Assembled Conjugated Polyelectrolyte. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9794-9803. [PMID: 37883808 PMCID: PMC10641883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Conformational templating of conjugated polyelectrolytes with single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) has the prospect of tailoring excited state dynamics for specific optoelectronic applications. We use ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to study the photophysics of a cationic polythiophene assembled with different ssDNAs, inducing distinct conformations (flexible disordered structures vs more rigid complexes with increased backbone planarity). Intrachain polarons are always produced upon selective excitation of the polymer, the extent being dependent on backbone torsional order. Polaron formation and decay were monitored through evolution of IR-active vibrational modes that interfere with mid-IR polaron electronic absorption giving rise to Fano-antiresonances. Selective UV excitation of ssDNAs revealed that stacking interactions between thiophene rings and nucleic acid bases can promote the formation of an intermolecular charge transfer complex. The findings inform designers of functional conjugated polymers by identifying that involvement of the scaffold in the photophysics needs to be considered when developing such structures for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nicolaidou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anthony W. Parker
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Sophia C. Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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2
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Switching the photo physics of MDMO-PPV under PMMA environment- a boon for organic electronics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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3
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Vauthey E. Watching Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in Multibranched Push-Pull Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2064-2071. [PMID: 35212550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emissive properties of symmetric molecules containing several donor-acceptor branches are often similar to those of the single-branched analogues. This is due to the at least partial localization of the excitation on one branch. Detailed understanding of this excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) requires the ability to monitor this process in real time. Over the past few years, several spectroscopic approaches were shown to enable visualization of ES-SB and of its dynamics. They include the detection of new vibrational or electronic absorption bands associated with transitions that are forbidden in the symmetric excited state. Alternatively, ES-SB can be detected by observing transitions that become weaker or vanish upon localization of the excitation. Herein, we discuss these different approaches as well as their merits and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Dereka B, Svechkarev D, Rosspeintner A, Aster A, Lunzer M, Liska R, Mohs AM, Vauthey E. Solvent tuning of photochemistry upon excited-state symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1925. [PMID: 32317631 PMCID: PMC7174366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the electronic excited state of many symmetric multibranched donor–acceptor molecules varies from delocalized/multipolar to localized/dipolar depending on the environment. Solvent-driven localization breaks the symmetry and traps the exciton in one branch. Using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopies, we investigate how such excited-state symmetry breaking affects the photochemical reactivity of quadrupolar and octupolar A–(π-D)2,3 molecules with photoisomerizable A–π–D branches. Excited-state symmetry breaking is identified by monitoring several spectroscopic signatures of the multipolar delocalized exciton, including the S2 ← S1 electronic transition, whose energy reflects interbranch coupling. It occurs in all but nonpolar solvents. In polar media, it is rapidly followed by an alkyne–allene isomerization of the excited branch. In nonpolar solvents, slow and reversible isomerization corresponding to chemically-driven symmetry breaking, is observed. These findings reveal that the photoreactivity of large conjugated molecules can be tuned by controlling the localization of the excitation. Symmetric multibranched donor-acceptor molecules are promising photoactive materials for diverse applications. Here the authors show that, in octupolar and quadrupolar dyes, excited-state symmetry breaking occurs efficiently in polar solvents only and results in a concentration of the excitation that may trigger fast photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Denis Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Joshi G, Teferi MY, Miller R, Jamali S, Baird D, van Tol J, Malissa H, Lupton JM, Boehme C. Isotropic Effective Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Conjugated Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6758-6762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajadhar Joshi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mandefro Y. Teferi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Richards Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shirin Jamali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Douglas Baird
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John M. Lupton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Peeks MD, Tait CE, Neuhaus P, Fischer GM, Hoffmann M, Haver R, Cnossen A, Harmer JR, Timmel CR, Anderson HL. Electronic Delocalization in the Radical Cations of Porphyrin Oligomer Molecular Wires. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10461-10471. [PMID: 28678489 PMCID: PMC5543395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The radical cations of a family of π-conjugated porphyrin arrays have been investigated: linear chains of N = 1-6 porphyrins, a 6-porphyrin nanoring and a 12-porphyrin nanotube. The radical cations were generated in solution by chemical and electrochemical oxidation, and probed by vis-NIR-IR and EPR spectroscopies. The cations exhibit strong NIR bands at ∼1000 nm and 2000-5000 nm, which shift to longer wavelength with increasing oligomer length. Analysis of the NIR and IR spectra indicates that the polaron is delocalized over 2-3 porphyrin units in the linear oligomers. Some of the IR vibrational bands are strongly intensified on oxidation, and Fano-type antiresonances are observed when activated vibrations overlap with electronic transitions. The solution-phase EPR spectra of the radical cations have Gaussian lineshapes with linewidths proportional to N-0.5, demonstrating that at room temperature the spin hops rapidly over the whole chain on the time scale of the hyperfine coupling (ca. 100 ns). Direct measurement of the hyperfine couplings through electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) in frozen solution (80 K) indicates distribution of the spin over 2-3 porphyrin units for all the oligomers, except the 12-porphyrin nanotube, in which the spin is spread over about 4-6 porphyrins. These experimental studies of linear and cyclic cations give a consistent picture, which is supported by DFT calculations and multiparabolic modeling with a reorganization energy of 1400-2000 cm-1 and coupling of 2000 cm-1 for charge transfer between neighboring sites, placing the system in the Robin-Day class III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Peeks
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia E Tait
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Georg M Fischer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Renée Haver
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Potphode DD, Mishra SP, Sivaraman P, Patri M. Asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on dendritic conducting polymer and activated carbon. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Enengl S, Enengl C, Stadler P, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci NS. Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Quinacridone by Using Poly(vinyl alcohol) Coating as Protection Layer. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2206-10. [PMID: 26013836 PMCID: PMC4529658 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic measurements in the infrared range combined with electrochemistry are a powerful technique for investigation of organic semiconductors to track changes during oxidation and reduction (p- and n-doping) processes. For these measurements it is important that the studied material, mostly deposited as a thin film on an internal reflection element, does not dissolve during this characterization. In this study we introduce a technique that allows infrared spectroelectrochemical characterization of films of these materials for the first time. In many cases so far this has been impossible, due to solubility in the oxidized and/or reduced form. This novel technique is shown on thin films of quinacridone by adding a protection layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Enengl
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz (Austria).
| | - Christina Enengl
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Philipp Stadler
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Helmut Neugebauer
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
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9
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Cinar ME, Ozturk T. Thienothiophenes, Dithienothiophenes, and Thienoacenes: Syntheses, Oligomers, Polymers, and Properties. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3036-140. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Cinar
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Chemistry
Group, Organic Chemistry Laboratory, TUBITAK UME, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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10
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Brombosz SM, Lee S, Firestone MA. Installation of a reactive site for covalent wiring onto an intrinsically conductive poly(ionic liquid). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Krivan EP, Ungor D, Janáky C, Németh Z, Visy C. Optimization of the photoactivity of conducting polymer covered ZnO nanorod composite electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Meana-Esteban B, Petr A, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A, Dunsch L. Poly(2-methoxynaphthalene): A spectroelectrochemical study on a fused ring conducting polymer. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Marco AB, Andreu R, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Diosdado BE, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. Push–pull systems bearing a quinoid/aromatic thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety: synthesis, ground state polarization and second-order nonlinear properties. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6338-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Szostak MM, Chojnacki H, Piela K, Okwieka-Lupa U, Bidzińska E, Dyrek K. Helical Superstructure and Charged Polarons Contributions to Optical Nonlinearity of 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline Crystals Studied by Resonance Raman, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7448-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204168s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Magdalena Szostak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Henryk Chojnacki
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piela
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Okwieka-Lupa
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskieg 27, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Bidzińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dyrek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Kraków, Poland
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Österholm A, Petr A, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A, Dunsch L. The Nature of the Charge Carriers in Polyazulene as Studied by in Situ Electron Spin Resonance−UV−Visible−Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14149-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805813s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Österholm
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland, and Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- and Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Abteilung Elektrochemie and leitfähige Polymere, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petr
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland, and Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- and Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Abteilung Elektrochemie and leitfähige Polymere, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland, and Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- and Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Abteilung Elektrochemie and leitfähige Polymere, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland, and Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- and Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Abteilung Elektrochemie and leitfähige Polymere, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lothar Dunsch
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland, and Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- and Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Abteilung Elektrochemie and leitfähige Polymere, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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In situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry of poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyl acetate] and its hydrolyzed derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Österholm A, Meana-Esteban B, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A. In situ Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Polyazulene on Aluminum. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:6331-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0762828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Österholm
- Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Beatriz Meana-Esteban
- Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
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Vignali M, Edwards RA, Serantoni M, Cunnane VJ. Electropolymerized polythiophene layer extracted from the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions: Current–time analysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Shih WY, Yang J. A New Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Cell for the Detection of Species Generated by Platinum and Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Cravino A, Neugebauer H, Petr A, Skabara PJ, Spencer HJ, McDouall JJW, Dunsch L, Sariciftci NS. Spectroelectrochemistry of Poly(ethylenedithiathiophene)−the Sulfur Analogue of Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene). J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2662-7. [PMID: 16471869 DOI: 10.1021/jp0562173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene) (PEDTT) is a polythiophene-like conjugated polymer in which each thiophene ring is functionalized with an ethylenedithia bridge. As such, PEDTT is the sulfur analogue of the well-known poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Substituent effects, namely the presence of sulfur atoms in PEDTT replacing the oxygen atoms of PEDOT, do not provide a simple explanation for the different electronic properties of the two polymers in the neutral state. This paper reports the spectroscopic properties of PEDTT, studied by in situ techniques such as IR-, Vis-, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroelectrochemistry. The differences observed upon electrochemical oxidation of PEDTT and PEDOT (e.g., the different infrared active vibrational band patterns in IR spectroelectrochemistry as well as the different nature of the charged states) are even more marked than those observed in the neutral state. These results, with AM1 calculations, indicate conformational effects as a possible explanation for the different electronic and spectroscopic properties of PEDTT and PEDOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cravino
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Buga K, Pokrop R, Majkowska A, Zagorska M, Planes J, Genoud F, Pron A. Alternate copolymers of head to head coupled dialkylbithiophenes and oligoaniline substituted thiophenes: preparation, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b516677m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lafolet F, Genoud F, Divisia-Blohorn B, Aronica C, Guillerez S. Oligothiophene Bipyridine Alternate Copolymers and Their Ruthenium Metalated Analogues: In Situ ESR and UV−Vis Investigations of Metal−Chain Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:12755-61. [PMID: 16852581 DOI: 10.1021/jp051824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In situ electron spin resonance (ESR) and UV-vis spectro-electrochemical studies have been performed on two copolymers consisting of alternating subunits of regioregular head to tail (HT) coupled 3-octylthiophene tetramer and 2,2'-bipyridine subunits (P4) or 3-octylthiophene hexamer subunits of the same regioregularity and 2,2'-bipyridine subunits (P6). Both P4 and P6 have been investigated in their metal-free form as well as in the ruthenium(II) metalated form (P4-Ru and P6-Ru). P4 and P6 in the p-doped state exhibit a clear ESR signal characteristic of the presence of polarons in the oligothienylene subunits. In the case of P4, no recombination of polarons into bipolarons is observed, whereas the recombination process takes place in P6. The formation of bipolarons is well-rationalized in terms of the conjugation length, and it seems clear that the higher length of the oligothiophene subunit in P6( )()stabilizes bipolarons(.)() The same effect, is induced by the coordination of -Ru(bpy)(2)(2+) to the bipyridine unit in the metalated form of both polymers, which results in an increase of the conjugation length. Important information is gained from the analysis of the ESR spectra of both nonmetalated and metalated in the oxidized (p-doped) and reduced (n-doped) forms. In the p-doped state both nonmetalated and metalated polymers reveal the presence of a narrow ESR line characteristic of the mobile spin carriers in the polymer matrix. The oxidation of the metal center occurs at higher potentials and leads to an irreversible destruction of the system. To the contrary, in the reduced (n-doped) state the ESR lines of the nonmetalated and metalated polymers markedly differ. A significant line broadening with simultaneous change of the g-value is caused by spin-orbit coupling phenomenon induced by the presence of the coordinating metal. Finally, the observation of a clear polaronic band in the UV-vis spectrum of p-doped P4 and its strong dependence on the applied potential can be clearly correlated with the potential induced changes in the ESR spin density. The same applies to P4-Ru, where the changes in the polaronic and bipolaronic bands can also be correlated with the ESR spin density changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lafolet
- Groupe d'Electronique Moléculaire and Laboratoire de Physique des Métaux Synthétiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche CEA-CNRS-Université-J. Fourier No. 5819, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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Ehrenfreund E, Cravino A, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci N, Luzzati S, Catellani M. Even parity states in small band gap π-conjugated polymers: polydithienothiophenes. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Neugebauer H. Infrared signatures of positive and negative charge carriers in conjugated polymers with low band gaps. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shigematsu T, Shimotani K, Manabe C, Watanabe H, Shimizu M. Transport properties of carrier-injected DNA. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1541608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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