1
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Wiens JP, Alexander WA. Sodium atom beam collisions with the liquid glycerol surface: Mass effects of deuteration. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Sobyra TB, Pliszka H, Bertram TH, Nathanson GM. Production of Br2 from N2O5 and Br– in Salty and Surfactant-Coated Water Microjets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8942-8953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Sobyra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Helena Pliszka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Tesa-Serrate MA, Smoll EJ, Minton TK, McKendrick KG. Atomic and Molecular Collisions at Liquid Surfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:515-40. [PMID: 27090845 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gas-liquid interface remains one of the least explored, but nevertheless most practically important, environments in which molecular collisions take place. These molecular-level processes underlie many bulk phenomena of fundamental and applied interest, spanning evaporation, respiration, multiphase catalysis, and atmospheric chemistry. We review here the research that has, during the past decade or so, been unraveling the molecular-level mechanisms of inelastic and reactive collisions at the gas-liquid interface. Armed with the knowledge that such collisions with the outer layers of the interfacial region can be unambiguously distinguished, we show that the scattering of gas-phase projectiles is a promising new tool for the interrogation of liquid surfaces with extreme surface sensitivity. Especially for reactive scattering, this method also offers absolute chemical selectivity for the groups that react to produce a specific observed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tesa-Serrate
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;
| | - Eric J Smoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717;
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717;
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;
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4
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Partanen L, Murdachaew G, Gerber RB, Halonen L. Temperature and collision energy effects on dissociation of hydrochloric acid on water surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13432-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Dempsey LP, Faust JA, Nathanson GM. Near-Interfacial Halogen Atom Exchange in Collisions of Cl2 with 2.7 M NaBr–Glycerol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12306-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Logan P. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
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6
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Roscioli JR, Bell DJ, Nelson DJ, Nesbitt DJ. State-resolved velocity map imaging of surface-scattered molecular flux. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4070-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Roscioli JR, Nesbitt DJ. Quantum state resolved velocity-map imaging spectroscopy: A new tool for collision dynamics at gas/self-assembled monolayer interfaces. Faraday Discuss 2011; 150:471-9; discussion 505-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Brastad SM, Nathanson GM. Molecular beam studies of HCl dissolution and dissociation in cold salty water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8284-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Lu JW, Alexander WA, Morris JR. Gas–surface energy exchange and thermal accommodation of CO2 and Ar in collisions with methyl, hydroxyl, and perfluorinated self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12533-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b921893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Brastad SM, Albert DR, Huang M, Nathanson GM. Collisions of DCl with a Solution Covered with Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ions: Tetrahexylammonium Bromide in Glycerol. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7422-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900232v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Brastad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Daniel R. Albert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
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11
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Nogueira JJ, Vázquez SA, Mazyar OA, Hase WL, Perkins BG, Nesbitt DJ, Martínez-Núñez E. Dynamics of CO2 Scattering off a Perfluorinated Self-Assembled Monolayer. Influence of the Incident Collision Energy, Mass Effects, and Use of Different Surface Models. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3850-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Saulo A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Oleg A. Mazyar
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - William L. Hase
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Bradford G. Perkins
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - David J. Nesbitt
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Emilio Martínez-Núñez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
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12
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Perkins BG, Nesbitt DJ. Quantum-State-Resolved CO2 Scattering Dynamics at the Gas−Liquid Interface: Dependence on Incident Angle. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7420-30. [PMID: 17580831 DOI: 10.1021/jp0709048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer dynamics at the gas-liquid interface have been probed with a supersonic molecular beam of CO2 and a clean perfluorinated-liquid surface in vacuum. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy measures both the rovibrational state populations and the translational distributions for the scattered CO2 flux. The present study investigates collision dynamics as a function of incident angle (thetainc = 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees), where column-integrated quantum state populations are detected along the specular-scattering direction (i.e., thetascat approximately thetainc). Internal state rovibrational and Doppler translational distributions in the scattered CO2 yield clear evidence for nonstatistical behavior, providing quantum-state-resolved support for microscopic branching of the gas-liquid collision dynamics into multiple channels. Specifically, the data are remarkably well described by a two-temperature model, which can be associated with both a trapping desorption (TD) component emerging at the surface temperature (Trot approximately TS) and an impulsive scattering (IS) component appearing at hyperthermal energies (Trot > TS). The branching ratio between the TD and IS channels is found to depend strongly on thetainc, with the IS component growing dramatically with increasingly steeper angle of incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Perkins
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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13
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Muenter AH, DeZwaan JL, Nathanson GM. Collisions of DCl with Pure and Salty Glycerol: Enhancement of Interfacial D → H Exchange by Dissolved NaI. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4881-91. [PMID: 16526727 DOI: 10.1021/jp0563235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fate of DCl molecules striking pure glycerol and a 2.6 M NaI-glycerol solution is investigated using scattering, uptake, and residence time measurements. We find that dissolved Na+ and I- ions alter every gas-liquid pathway from the moment of contact of DCl with the surface to its eventual emergence as HCl. In particular, the salt enhances both trapping-desorption of DCl and interfacial DCl --> HCl exchange at the expense of DCl entry into the bulk solution. The reduced entry and enhanced desorption of thermalized DCl molecules are interpreted by assuming that Na+ and I- ions bind to interfacial OH groups and tie up surface sites that would otherwise capture incoming DCl molecules. These ion-glycerol interactions may also be responsible for enhancing interfacial D --> H exchange by disrupting the interfacial hydrogen bond network that carries the newly formed H+ ion away from its Cl- pair. This disruption may increase the fraction of interfacial Cl- and H+ that recombine and desorb immediately as HCl before the ions separate and diffuse deeply into the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel H Muenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, USA
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14
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Lohr JR, Day BS, Morris JR. Scattering, accommodation, and trapping of HCl in collisions with a hydroxylated self-assembled monolayer. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15469-75. [PMID: 16852962 DOI: 10.1021/jp051733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-flight molecular beam scattering techniques are used to explore the energy exchange, thermal accommodation, and residence time of HCl in collisions with an OH-terminated self-assembled monolayer. The monolayer, consisting of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol (HS(CH(2))(16)OH) self-assembled on gold, provides a well-characterized surface containing hydroxyl groups located at the gas-solid interface. Upon colliding with the hydroxylated surface, the gas-phase HCl is found to follow one of three pathways: direct impulsive scattering, thermal accommodation followed by prompt desorption, and temporary trapping through HO--- HCl hydrogen bond formation. For an incident energy of 85 kJ/mol, the HCl transfers the majority, >80%, of its translational energy to the surface. The extensive energy exchange facilitates thermalization, leading to very large accommodation probabilities on the surface. Under the experimental conditions used in this work, over 75% of the HCl approaches thermal equilibrium with the surface before desorption and, for a 6 kJ/mol HCl beam, nearly 100% of the molecules that recoil from the surface can be described by a thermal distribution at the temperature of the surface. For the molecules that reach thermal equilibrium with the surface prior to desorption, a significant fraction appear to form hydrogen bonds with surface hydroxyl groups. The adsorption energy, determined by measuring the HCl residence time as a function of surface temperature, is 24 +/- 2 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lohr
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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15
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Zhuang W, Dellago C. Dissociation of Hydrogen Chloride and Proton Transfer in Liquid Glycerol: An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047676r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, and Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, and Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Abstract
Molecular beam scattering experiments provide a way to disentangle the elementary steps involved in energy transfer and chemical reactions between gases and liquids. After surveying the history and recent progress in this field, we review studies of the kinematics of gas-liquid collisions and proton exchange of HCl, DCl, and HBr with supercooled sulfuric acid and liquid glycerol. These experiments help to clarify the role of the surface region in controlling trapping and interfacial- and bulk-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert M Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, USA.
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17
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Chorny I, Benjamin I, Nathanson GM. Scattering, Trapping, and Ionization of HCl at the Surface of Liquid Glycerol. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Chorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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