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Bhat AP, Pomerantz WCK, Arnold WA. Wavelength-Dependent UV-LED Photolysis of Fluorinated Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5327-5336. [PMID: 36962003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength dependence of photoproduct formation and quantum yields was evaluated for fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals using UV-light emitting diodes (LEDs) with 255, 275, 308, 365, and 405 nm peak wavelengths. The fluorinated compounds chosen were saflufenacil, penoxsulam, sulfoxaflor, fluoxetine, 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylphenol (TFM), florasulam, voriconazole, and favipiravir, covering key fluorine motifs (benzylic-CF3, heteroaromatic-CF3, aryl-F, and heteroaromatic-F). Quantum yields for the compounds were consistently higher for UV-C as compared to UV-A wavelengths and did not show the same trend as molar absorptivity. For all compounds except favipiravir and TFM, the fastest degradation was observed using 255 or 275 nm light, despite the low power of the LEDs. Using quantitative 19F NMR, fluoride, trifluoroacetate, and additional fluorinated byproducts were tracked and quantified. Trifluoroacetate was observed for both Ar-CF3 and Het-CF3 motifs and increased at longer wavelengths for Het-CF3. Fluoride formation from Het-CF3 was significantly lower as compared to other motifs. Ar-F and Het-F motifs readily formed fluoride at all wavelengths. For Het-CF3 and some Ar-CF3 motifs, 365 nm light produced either a greater number of or different major products. Aliphatic-CF2/CF3 products were stable under all wavelengths. These results assist in selecting the most efficient wavelengths for UV-LED degradation and informing future design of fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash P Bhat
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William A Arnold
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Paul D, Yang Z, Goettl SJ, Thomas AM, He C, Suits AG, Parker DH, Kaiser RI. Photodissociation Dynamics of Astrophysically Relevant Propyl Derivatives (C 3H 7X; X = CN, OH, HCO) at 157 nm Exploiting an Ultracompact Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometer: The (Iso)Propyl Channel. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5768-5775. [PMID: 35993843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of astrophysically relevant propyl derivatives (C3H7X; X = CN, OH, HCO) at 157 nm exploiting an ultracompact velocity map imaging (UVMIS) setup has been reported. The successful operation of UVMIS allowed the exploration of the 157 nm photodissociation of six (iso)propyl systems─n/i-propyl cyanide (C3H7CN), n/i-propyl alcohol (C3H7OH), and (iso)butanal (C3H7CHO)─to explore the C3H7 loss channel. The distinct center-of-mass translational energy distributions for the i-C3H7X (X= CN, OH, HCO) could be explained through preferential excitation of the low frequency C-H bending modes of the formyl moiety compared to the higher frequency stretching of the cyano and hydroxy moieties. Although the ionization energy of the n-C3H7 radical exceeds the energy of a 157 nm photon, C3H7+ was observed in the n-C3H7X (X = CN, OH, HCO) systems as a result of photoionization of vibrationally "hot" n-C3H7 fragments, photoionization of i-C3H7 after a hydrogen shift in vibrationally "hot" n-C3H7 radicals, and/or two-photon ionization. Our experiments reveal that at least the isopropyl radical (i-C3H7) and possibly the normal propyl radical (n-C3H7) should be present in the interstellar medium and hence searched for by radio telescopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dababrata Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Aaron M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - David H Parker
- Department of Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Interfacial Dark Aging Is an Overlooked Source of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the relative yields of aqueous secondary organic aerosols (aqSOAs) at the air–liquid (a–l) interface are investigated between photochemical and dark aging using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Our results show that dark aging is an important source of aqSOAs despite a lack of photochemical drivers. Photochemical reactions of glyoxal and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produce oligomers and cluster ions at the aqueous surface. Interestingly, different oligomers and cluster ions form intensely in the dark at the a–l interface, contrary to the notion that oligomer formation mainly depends on light irradiation. Furthermore, cluster ions form readily during dark aging and have a higher water molecule adsorption ability. This finding is supported by the observation of more frequent organic water cluster ion formation. The relative yields of water clusters in the form of protonated and hydroxide ions are presented using van Krevelen diagrams to explore the underlying formation mechanisms of aqSOAs. Large protonated and hydroxide water clusters (e.g., (H2O)nH+, 17 < n ≤ 44) have reasonable yields during UV aging. In contrast, small protonated and hydroxide water clusters (e.g., (H2O)nH+, 1 ≤ n ≤ 17) form after several hours of dark aging. Moreover, cluster ions have higher yields in dark aging, indicating the overlooked influence of dark aging interfacial products on aerosol optical properties. Molecular dynamic simulation shows that cluster ions form stably in UV and dark aging. AqSOAs molecules produced from dark and photochemical aging can enhance UV absorption of the aqueous surface, promote cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities, and affect radiative forcing.
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Rowell KN, Kable SH, Jordan MJT. Structural Effects on the Norrish Type I α-Bond Cleavage of Tropospherically Important Carbonyls. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10381-10396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiran N. Rowell
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Harrison AW, Kable SH. Photodissociation dynamics of propanal and isobutanal: The Norrish Type I pathway. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Harrison
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Liu Z, Nguyen VS, Harvey J, Müller JF, Peeters J. The photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6970-6979. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric photolysis of α-hydroperoxycarbonyls is predicted to yield mainly enols and singlet O2; the atmospheric implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jeremy Harvey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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Tadić JM, Moortgat GK, Bera PP, Loewenstein M, Yates EL, Lee TJ. Photochemistry and Photophysics of n-Butanal, 3-Methylbutanal, and 3,3-Dimethylbutanal: Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:5830-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208665v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan M. Tadić
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Geert K. Moortgat
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Partha P. Bera
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Max Loewenstein
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Emma L. Yates
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
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Gratien A, Picquet-Varrault B, Orphal J, Perraudin E, Doussin JF, Flaud JM. Laboratory intercomparison of the formaldehyde absorption cross sections in the infrared (1660–1820 cm−1) and ultraviolet (300–360 nm) spectral regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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da Silva G, Bozzelli JW. Enthalpies of Formation, Bond Dissociation Energies, and Molecular Structures of the n-Aldehydes (Acetaldehyde, Propanal, Butanal, Pentanal, Hexanal, and Heptanal) and Their Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13058-67. [PMID: 17134166 DOI: 10.1021/jp063772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are important intermediates and products in a variety of combustion and gas-phase oxidation processes, such as in low-temperature combustion, in the atmosphere, and in interstellar media. Despite their importance, the enthalpies of formation and bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the aldehydes are not accurately known. We have determined enthalpies of formation for acetaldehyde, propanal, and butanal from thermodynamic cycles, using experimentally measured reaction and formation enthalpies. All enthalpy values used for reference molecules and reactions were first verified to be accurate to within around 1 kcal mol-1 using high-level ab initio calculations. Enthalpies of formation were found to be -39.72 +/- 0.16 kcal mol-1 for acetaldehyde, -45.18 +/- 1.1 kcal mol-1 for propanal, and -49.27 +/- 0.16 kcal mol-1 for butanal. Enthalpies of formation for these three aldehydes, as well as for pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal, were calculated using the G3, G3B3, and CBS-APNO theoretical methods, in conjunction with bond-isodesmic work reactions. On the basis of the results of our thermodynamic cycles, theoretical calculations using isodesmic work reactions, and existing experimental measurements, we suggest that the best available formation enthalpies for the aldehydes acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal are -39.72, -45.18, -50.0, -54.61, -59.37, and -64.2 kcal mol-1, respectively. Our calculations also identify that the literature enthalpy of formation of crotonaldehyde is in error by as much as 1 kcal mol-1, and we suggest a value of -25.1 kcal mol-1, which we calculate using isodesmic work reactions. Bond energies for each of the bonds in the aldehydes up to pentanal were calculated at the CBS-APNO level. Analysis of the BDEs reveals the R-CH(2)CH=O to be the weakest bond in all aldehydes larger than acetaldehyde, due to formation of the resonantly stabilized vinoxy radical (vinyloxy radical/formyl methyl radical). It is proposed that the vinoxy radical as well as the more commonly considered formyl and acetyl radicals are important products of aldehyde combustion and oxidation, and the reaction pathways of the vinoxy, formyl, and acetyl radicals are discussed. Group additivity values for the carbon-oxygen-hydrogen groups common to the aldehydes are also determined. Internal rotor profiles and electrostatic potential surfaces are used to study the dipole induced dipole-dipole interaction in the synperiplanar conformation of propanal. It is proposed that the loss of this dipole-dipole interaction in RC(.-)HCH(2)CH=O radicals causes a ca. 1-2 kcal mol-1 decrease in the aldehyde C-H and C-C bond energies corresponding to RC(.-)HCH(2)CH=O radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Tang Y, Zhu L, Chu LT, Xiang B. Cavity ring-down spectroscopic study of acetaldehyde photolysis in the gas phase, on aluminum surfaces, and on ice films. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tang Y, Zhu L. Wavelength-Dependent Photolysis of n-Hexanal and n-Heptanal in the 280−330-nm Region. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0403442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Tang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Lei Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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