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Jackson BA, Khan SN, Miliordos E. A fresh perspective on metal ammonia molecular complexes and expanded metals: opportunities in catalysis and quantum information. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10572-10587. [PMID: 37555315 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our comprehension of the electronic structure of metal ammonia complexes have opened avenues for novel materials with diffuse electrons. These complexes in their ground state can host peripheral "Rydberg" electrons which populate a hydrogenic-type shell model imitating atoms. Aggregates of such complexes form the so-called expanded or liquid metals. Expanded metals composed of d- and f-block metal ammonia complexes offer properties, such as magnetic moments and larger numbers of diffuse electrons, not present for alkali and alkaline earth (s-block) metals. In addition, tethering metal ammonia complexes via hydrocarbon chains (replacement of ammonia ligands with diamines) yields materials that can be used for redox catalysis and quantum computing, sensing, and optics. This perspective summarizes the recent findings for gas-phase isolated metal ammonia complexes and projects the obtained knowledge to the condensed phase regime. Possible applications for the newly introduced expanded metals and linked solvated electrons precursors are discussed and future directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5312, USA.
| | - Shahriar N Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5312, USA.
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5312, USA.
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2
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Jouvet C, Miyazaki M, Fujii M. Revealing the role of excited state proton transfer (ESPT) in excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT): systematic study in phenol-(NH 3) n clusters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3836-3856. [PMID: 34163653 PMCID: PMC8179502 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited State Hydrogen Transfer (ESHT), proposed at the end of the 20th century by the corresponding authors, has been observed in many neutral or protonated molecules and become a new paradigm to understand excited state dynamics/photochemistry of aromatic molecules. For example, a significant number of photoinduced proton-transfer reactions from X–H bonds have been re-defined as ESHT, including those of phenol, indole, tryptophan, aromatic amino acid cations and so on. Photo-protection mechanisms of biomolecules, such as isolated nucleic acids of DNA, are also discussed in terms of ESHT. Therefore, a systematic and up-to-date description of ESHT mechanism is important for researchers in chemistry, biology and related fields. In this review, we will present a general model of ESHT which unifies the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) and the ESHT mechanisms and reveals the hidden role of ESPT in controlling the reaction rate of ESHT. For this purpose, we give an overview of experimental and theoretical work on the excited state dynamics of phenol–(NH3)n clusters and related molecular systems. The dynamics has a significant dependence on the number of solvent molecules in the molecular cluster. Three-color picosecond time-resolved IR/near IR spectroscopy has revealed that ESHT becomes an electron transfer followed by a proton transfer in highly solvated clusters. The systematic change from ESHT to decoupled electron/proton transfer according to the number of solvent molecules is rationalized by a general model of ESHT including the role of ESPT. A general model of excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) which unifies ESHT and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) is presented from experimental and theoretical works on phenol–(NH3)n. The hidden role of ESPT is revealed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires (PIIM), UMR 7345 13397 Marseille Cedex France .,World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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3
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Díaz-Tinoco M, Ortiz JV. Double Rydberg anions with solvated ammonium kernels: Electron binding energies and Dyson orbitals. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Díaz-Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, USA
| | - J. V. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, USA
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4
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Miyazaki M, Ohara R, Dedonder C, Jouvet C, Fujii M. Electron-Proton Transfer Mechanism of Excited-State Hydrogen Transfer in Phenol-(NH 3 ) n (n=3 and 5). Chemistry 2017; 24:881-890. [PMID: 29032637 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) is responsible for various photochemical processes of aromatics, including photoprotection of nuclear basis. Its mechanism is explained by internal conversion from the aromatic ππ* to πσ* states via conical intersection. This means that the electron is transferred to a diffuse Rydberg-like σ* orbital apart from proton migration. This picture means the electron and the proton do not move together and the dynamics are different in principle. Here, we have applied picosecond time-resolved near-infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to the phenol-(NH3 )5 cluster, the benchmark system of ESHT, and monitored the electron transfer and proton motion independently. The electron transfer monitored by the NIR transition rises within 3 ps, while the overall H transfer detected by the IR absorption of NH vibration appears with a lifetime of about 20 ps. This clearly proves that the electron motion and proton migration are decoupled. Such a difference of the time-evolutions between the NIR absorption and the IR transition has not been detected in a cluster with three ammonia molecules. We will report our full observation together with theoretical calculations of the potential energy surfaces of the ππ* and πσ* states, and will discuss the ESHT mechanism and its cluster size-dependence between n=3 and 5. It is suggested that the presence and absence of a barrier in the proton transfer coordinate cause the different dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-15, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Ohara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-15, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Claude Dedonder
- CNRS, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires, Aix Marseille Université, (PIIM) UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille cedex, France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires, Aix Marseille Université, (PIIM) UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille cedex, France
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-15, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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Abstract
Solvated electrons were first discovered in solutions of metals in liquid ammonia. The physical and chemical properties of these species have been studied extensively for many decades using an arsenal of electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical techniques. Yet, in contrast to their hydrated counterpart, the ultrafast dynamics of ammoniated electrons remained completely unexplored until quite recently. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy on metal-ammonia solutions and femtosecond multiphoton ionization spectroscopy on the neat ammonia solvent have provided new insights into the optical properties and the reactivities of this fascinating species. This article reviews the nature of the optical transition, which gives the metal-ammonia solutions their characteristic blue appearance, in terms of ultrafast relaxation processes involving bound and continuum excited states. The recombination processes following the injection of an electron via photoionization of the solvent are discussed in the context of the electronic structure of the liquid and the anionic defect associated with the solvated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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6
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7
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Drobizhev M, Stoltzfus C, Topol I, Collins J, Wicks G, Mikhaylov A, Barnett L, Hughes T, Rebane A. Multiphoton photochemistry of red fluorescent proteins in solution and live cells. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9167-79. [PMID: 25004113 PMCID: PMC4126731 DOI: 10.1021/jp502477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs), and biosensors based on them, provide new insights into how living cells and tissues function. Ultimately, the goal of the bioimaging community is to use these probes deep in tissues and even in entire organisms, and this will require two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM), with its greater tissue penetration, lower autofluorescence background, and minimum photodamage in the out-of-focus volume. However, the extremely high instantaneous light intensities of femtosecond pulses in the focal volume dramatically increase the probability of further stepwise resonant photon absorption, leading to highly excited, ionizable and reactive states, often resulting in fast bleaching of fluorescent proteins in TPLSM. Here, we show that the femtosecond multiphoton excitation of red FPs (DsRed2 and mFruits), both in solution and live cells, results in a chain of consecutive, partially reversible reactions, with individual rates driven by a high-order (3-5 photon) absorption. The first step of this process corresponds to a three- (DsRed2) or four-photon (mFruits) induced fast isomerization of the chromophore, yielding intermediate fluorescent forms, which then subsequently transform into nonfluorescent products. Our experimental data and model calculations are consistent with a mechanism in which ultrafast electron transfer from the chromophore to a neighboring positively charged amino acid residue triggers the first step of multiphoton chromophore transformations in DsRed2 and mFruits, consisting of decarboxylation of a nearby deprotonated glutamic acid residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Caleb Stoltzfus
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Igor Topol
- Leidos
Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Jack Collins
- Leidos
Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Geoffrey Wicks
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Alexander Mikhaylov
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Lauren Barnett
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Thomas
E. Hughes
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics and Department of
Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
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8
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Féraud G, Broquier M, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Grégoire G, Soorkia S, Jouvet C. Photofragmentation spectroscopy of cold protonated aromatic amines in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5250-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Rodríguez JD, González MG, Rubio-Lago L, Bañares L. Photodissociation of pyrrole-ammonia clusters below 218 nm: quenching of statistical decomposition pathways under clustering conditions. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:094305. [PMID: 22957567 DOI: 10.1063/1.4749384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) reaction in pyrrole-ammonia clusters (PyH·(NH(3))(n), n = 2-5) at excitation wavelengths below 218 nm down to 199 nm, has been studied using a combination of velocity map imaging and non-resonant detection of the NH(4)(NH(3))(n-1) products. Special care has been taken to avoid evaporation of solvent molecules from the excited clusters by controlling the intensity of both the excitation and probing lasers. The high resolution translational energy distributions obtained are analyzed on the base of an impulsive mechanism for the hydrogen transfer, which mimics the direct N-H bond dissociation of the bare pyrrole. In spite of the low dissociation wavelengths attained (~200 nm) no evidence of hydrogen-loss statistical dynamics has been observed. The effects of clustering of pyrrole with ammonia molecules on the possible statistical decomposition channels of the bare pyrrole are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yamada Y, Ishikawa H, Fuke K. Solvation Structure and Stability of [(CH 3) 2NH] m(NH 3) n–H Hypervalent Clusters: Ionization Potentials and Switching of Hydrogen-Atom Localized Site. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8380-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204331q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Ashfold MNR, King GA, Murdock D, Nix MGD, Oliver TAA, Sage AG. πσ* excited states in molecular photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1218-38. [DOI: 10.1039/b921706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Carrera A, Nielsen IB, Carçabal P, Dedonder C, Broquier M, Jouvet C, Domcke W, Sobolewski AL. Biradicalic excited states of zwitterionic phenol-ammonia clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:024302. [PMID: 19154023 DOI: 10.1063/1.3054292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-ammonia clusters with more than five ammonia molecules are proton transferred species in the ground state. In the present work, the excited states of these zwitterionic clusters have been studied experimentally with two-color pump probe methods on the nanosecond time scale and by ab initio electronic-structure calculations. The experiments reveal the existence of a long-lived excited electronic state with a lifetime in the 50-100 ns range, much longer than the excited state lifetime of bare phenol and small clusters of phenol with ammonia. The ab initio calculations indicate that this long-lived excited state corresponds to a biradicalic system, consisting of a phenoxy radical that is hydrogen bonded to a hydrogenated ammonia cluster. The biradical is formed from the locally excited state of the phenolate anion via an electron transfer process, which neutralizes the charge separation of the ground state zwitterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrera
- University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 3er piso, Pab. II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Kwon JS, Choi CM, Kim HJ, Kim NJ, Jang J, Yang M. Combined Theoretical Modeling of Photoexcitation Spectrum of an Isolated Protonated Tyrosine. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2715-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Sook Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hwan Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Nam Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Mino Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Basic Sciences Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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14
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Yamada Y, Nishino Y, Fujihara A, Ishikawa H, Fuke K. Real-Time Observation of Formation and Relaxation Dynamics of NH4 in (CH3OH)m(NH3)n Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2734-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Haruki Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Fuke
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Lindner J, Unterreiner AN, Vöhringer P. Femtosecond spectroscopy of solvated electrons from sodium-ammonia-d3 solutions: Temperature jump versus local density jump. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:064514. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2965818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yamada Y, Nishino Y, Fujihara A, Ishikawa H, Fuke K. Solvation structure and stability of hypervalent NH4(CH3OH)m(NH3)n clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ishiuchi SI, Sakai M, Daigoku K, Hashimoto K, Fujii M. Hydrogen transfer dynamics in a photoexcited phenol/ammonia (1:3) cluster studied by picosecond time-resolved UV-IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2008; 127:234304. [PMID: 18154379 DOI: 10.1063/1.2806182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The picosecond time-resolved IR spectra of phenol/ammonia (1:3) cluster were measured by UV-IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy. The time-resolved IR spectra of the reaction products of the excited state hydrogen transfer were observed. From the different time evolution of two vibrational bands at 3180 and 3250 cm(-1), it was found that two isomers of hydrogenated ammonia radical cluster .NH(4)(NH(3))(2) coexist in the reaction products. The time evolution was also measured in the near-IR region, which corresponds to 3p-3s Rydberg transition of .NH(4)(NH(3))(2); a clear wavelength dependence was found. From the observed results, we concluded that (1) there is a memory effect of the parent cluster, which initially forms a metastable product, .NH(4)-NH(3)-NH(3), and (2) the metastable product isomerizes successively to the most stable product, NH(3)-.NH(4)-NH(3). The time constant for OH cleaving, the isomerization, and its back reaction were determined by rate-equation analysis to be 24, 6, and 9 ps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Ishiuchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratoty, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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18
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Dauster I, Suhm MA, Buck U, Zeuch T. Experimental and theoretical study of the microsolvation of sodium atoms in methanol clusters: differences and similarities to sodium–water and sodium–ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:83-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b711568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ishiuchi SI, Daigoku K, Hashimoto K, Fujii M. Four-color hole burning spectra of phenol/ammonia 1:3 and 1:4 clusters. J Chem Phys 2006; 120:3215-20. [PMID: 15268474 DOI: 10.1063/1.1640352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hole burning spectra of phenol/ammonia (1:3 and 1:4) clusters were measured by a newly developed four-color (UV-near-IR-UV-UV) hole burning spectroscopy, which is a kind of population labeling spectroscopy. From the hole burning spectra, it was found that single species is observed in an n = 3 cluster, while three isomers are observed simultaneously for n = 4. A possibility was suggested that the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen transfer from the electronically excited phenol/ammonia clusters, which was measured by a comparison with the action spectra of the corresponding cluster, depends on the initial vibronic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Ishiuchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology/PRESTO-JST, Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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20
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Radisic D, Stokes ST, Bowen KH. Two new double Rydberg anions plus access to excited states of neutral Rydberg radicals via anion photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:011101. [PMID: 16035826 DOI: 10.1063/1.1950669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed and characterized two new double Rydberg anions N6H19- and N7H22- through their anion photoelectron spectra. The vertical detachment energies of these anions were found to be 0.443 and 0.438 eV, respectively. In addition, for three of the seven double Rydberg anions now known, we measured photodetachment transitions not only to the ground electronic states of their corresponding neutral Rydberg radicals but also to their first electronically excited states. In each spectrum, the energy spacing between the resulting peaks provided the ground-to-first electronically excited-state transition energy for the double Rydberg anion's corresponding neutral Rydberg radical. For the radicals, N4H13, N5H16, and N6H19, the spacings were found to be 0.83, 0.70, and 0.67 eV, respectively. These values are in excellent agreement with ground-to-first excited-state transition energies measured in absorption for the same neutral Rydberg radicals by Fuke and co-workers [Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 309 (1999); J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 5242 (2002).] The duplication of this neutral Rydberg property by photodetachment of double Rydberg anions further confirms that double Rydberg anions are indeed the negative ions of their corresponding neutral Rydberg molecules and cluster-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Radisic
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Okai N, Yoshida S, Aranishi K, Takahata A, Fuke K. Multiphoton ionization and oxidation processes of Mg–ammonia clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:921-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b415964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Okai N, Takahata A, Fuke K. Electronic structure, stability, and formation dynamics of hypervalent molecular clusters: CH3NH3(CH3NH2)n. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Okai N, Takahata A, Morita M, Nonose S, Fuke K. Ultrafast Relaxation Process of Excited-State NH4 Radical in Ammonia Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Okai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takahata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Nonose
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Fuke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Lee JI, Sperry DC, Farrar JM. Spectroscopy and reactivity of size-selected Mg[sup +]-ammonia clusters. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8375-84. [PMID: 15511158 DOI: 10.1063/1.1802498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation spectra for mass-selected Mg(+)(NH(3))(n) clusters for n=1 to 7 are reported over the photon energy range from 7000 to 38 500 cm(-1). The singly solvated cluster, which dissociates primarily via a N-H bond cleavage, exhibits a resolved vibrational structure corresponding to two progressions in the intracluster Mg(+)-NH(3) modes. The addition of the second, third, and fourth solvent molecules results in monotonic redshifts that appear to halt near 8500 cm(-1), where a sharp feature in the electronic spectrum is correlated with the formation of a Mg(+)(NH(3))(4) complex with T(d) symmetry and the closing of the first solvation shell. The spectra for the clusters with 5 to 7 solvent molecules strongly resemble that for the tetramer, suggesting that these solvent molecules occupy a second solvation shell. The wavelength-dependent branching-ratio measurements show that increasing the photon energies generally result in the loss of additional solvent molecules but that enhancements for a specific solvent number loss may reveal special stability for the resultant fragments. The majority of the experimental evidence suggests that the decay of these clusters occurs via the internal conversion of the initially excited electronic states to the ground state, followed by dissociation. In the case of the monomer, the selective cleavage of a N-H bond in the solvent suggests that this internal-conversion process may populate regions of the ground-state surface in the vicinity of an insertion complex H-Mg(+)-NH(2), whose existence is predicted by ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA
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Farrar† JM. Size-dependent reactivity in open shell metal-ion polar solvent clusters: spectroscopic probes of electronic-vibration coupling, oxidation and ionization. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350310001616896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ishiuchi SI, Daigoku K, Saeki M, Sakai M, Hashimoto K, Fujii M. Hydrogen transfer in photoexcited phenol/ammonia clusters by UV–IR–UV ion dip spectroscopy and ab initio molecular orbital calculations. I. Electronic transitions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1508103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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