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Yuan Y, Jia H, Wang J. A microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform for in situ detection of trace cadmium ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3802-3813. [PMID: 36124994 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among various detection and analysis platforms, a microfluidic chip-based electrochemical sensing detection platform is a new type of detection platform. In this study, a microfluidic electrochemical detection platform for cadmium ion detection is proposed, and the performance of the detection platform is optimized in terms of both the microchannel size and electrode modifications. The detection mixing processes of the detector with different microchannel sizes, including the concentration distribution in the channel, pressure decay variation and electrolyte current density variation in the detector, were investigated by finite element model calculations. The analysis shows that the size of the microchannel in the detector affects the fluid and thus further affects the chemical reaction. If the size of the electrode does not match the size of the microchannel, insufficient sample volume will lead to inaccurate measurements, reduced sensitivity and increased detection limits. It was found that the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor was highest when the size of the microchannel in the chip was 400 μm. After optimization, the optimal detection limit for cadmium ions was 0.03 μg L-1 (S/N = 3). The proposed sensing platform is simple in design and stable in structure, and is suitable for field screening and rapid response to heavy metal contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Belmonte I, White RJ. 3-D printed microfluidics for rapid prototyping and testing of electrochemical, aptamer-based sensor devices under flow conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339377. [PMID: 35057946 PMCID: PMC8931854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to rapidly prototype and fabricate an epoxy-embedded electrode platform and microfluidic device suitable for using electrochemical biosensors under flow conditions. We utilize three-dimensional (3-D) printing to rapidly prototype molds to fabricate epoxy-embedded electrodes in addition to molds for rapid prototyping of PDMS microfluidic components. We characterize the bare gold epoxy-embedded electrodes using ferricyanide as a redox indicator and then characterize the performance of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) specific electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor. We then incorporate the ATP specific E-AB sensors into the microfluidic device to study and take advantage of the dynamic response this class of sensor offers. We were able to flow varying concentrations of target analyte and monitor the dynamic response of the sensors to the changing concentration. This work demonstrates the ability to rapidly prototype E-AB sensors under flow conditions using 3-D printing which can lead to rapid and affordable point-of-care or fieldable applications where dynamic measurements of concentration, specificity and sensitivity and multiplex detection are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Belmonte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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Li Y, Van Roy W, Lagae L, Vereecken PM. Analysis of Fully On-Chip Microfluidic Electrochemical Systems under Laminar Flow. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amatore C, Da Mota N, Sella C, Thouin L. Theory and Experiments of Transport at Channel Microband Electrodes Under Laminar Flow. 3. Electrochemical Detection at Electrode Arrays under Steady State. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2434-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902788v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “Pasteur”, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Da Mota
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “Pasteur”, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Sella
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “Pasteur”, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Thouin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “Pasteur”, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Amatore C, Klymenko OV, Oleinick AI, Svir I. Electrochemical Determination of Flow Velocity Profile in a Microfluidic Channel from Steady-State Currents: Numerical Approach and Optimization of Electrode Layout. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7667-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Amatore
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “PASTEUR”, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Mathematical and Computer Modelling Laboratory, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, 14 Lenin Avenue, 61166 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy V. Klymenko
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “PASTEUR”, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Mathematical and Computer Modelling Laboratory, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, 14 Lenin Avenue, 61166 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Alexander I. Oleinick
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “PASTEUR”, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Mathematical and Computer Modelling Laboratory, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, 14 Lenin Avenue, 61166 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Irina Svir
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 “PASTEUR”, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Mathematical and Computer Modelling Laboratory, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, 14 Lenin Avenue, 61166 Kharkov, Ukraine
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Liu S, Gu Y, Le Roux RB, Matthews SM, Bratton D, Yunus K, Fisher AC, Huck WTS. The electrochemical detection of droplets in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1937-1942. [PMID: 18941696 DOI: 10.1039/b809744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new electrochemical method for the detection and characterisation of aqueous droplets in an organic carrier fluid (1,2-dichloroethane) formed in flow-focusing microfluidic devices. The devices consist of a conventional flow-focusing channel 250 microm wide and 250 microm deep cast out of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) which is sealed onto a glass substrate containing a set of microelectrodes 100 microm long. Chronoamperometric analysis of a suitable electrolyte contained in the organic phase is presented for characterising the droplet frequency and size. This chronoamperometric method is then extended to a dual working electrode approach in order to determine the velocity of the droplet. Good agreement between experimental measurements and theory was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKCB2 3RA
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Ordeig O, del Campo J, Muñoz F, Banks C, Compton R. Electroanalysis Utilizing Amperometric Microdisk Electrode Arrays. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Amatore C, Klymenko OV, Oleinick A, Svir I. In Situ and On-Line Monitoring of Hydrodynamic Flow Profiles in Microfluidic Channels Based on Microelectrochemistry: Optimization of Channel Geometrical Parameters for Best Performance of Flow Profile Reconstruction. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1870-4. [PMID: 17663494 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical approach for flow profile reconstruction in a rectangular microfluidic channel equipped with one or two microband electrodes working in generator-collector and generator-generator regimes was proposed by us previously (ChemPhysChem 2005, 6, 1581-1589; ChemPhysChem 2006, 7, 482-487). The purpose of the current study is to determine the ranges of dimensionless parameters corresponding to the highest sensitivity of the minimized functional to the shape of the flow profile. By application of a cubic spline to approximate the flow profile and analysis of the least-squares functional, which can then be represented as a function of one variable, we derive the area of optimal method performance. Thus, mathematical confirmation of our previous theoretical physical predictions could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Departement de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8640 PASTEUR', 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Khalid IM, Pu Q, Alvarez JC. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Enhancement of Electrochemical Sensitivity by Chemical Coupling in Microfluidic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5829-32. [PMID: 16881025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz M Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA
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Khalid IM, Pu Q, Alvarez JC. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Enhancement of Electrochemical Sensitivity by Chemical Coupling in Microfluidic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Microfluidic voltammetry: simulation of the chronoamperometric response of microband electrodes sited within microreactors. J Solid State Electrochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-006-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fan TH, Mayle EJ, Kottke PA, Fedorov AG. Simulation of electroanalysis using the boundary integral method. Trends Analyt Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thompson M, Klymenko OV, Compton RG. Modelling homogeneous kinetics in the double channel electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Henley I, Fisher A. Computational Electrochemistry: A Model to Studying Ohmic Distortion of Voltammetry in Multiple Working Electrode, Microfluidic Devices, an Adaptive FEM Approach. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Amatore C, Belotti M, Chen Y, Roy E, Sella C, Thouin L. Using electrochemical coupling between parallel microbands for in situ monitoring of flow rates in microfluidic channels. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A novel dual thin-layer flow cell double-disk electrode design for kinetic studies on supported catalysts under controlled mass-transport conditions. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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