1
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Cheshire TP, Moran AM. Susceptibility of two-dimensional resonance Raman spectroscopies to cascades involving solute and solvent molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104203. [PMID: 31521086 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional resonance Raman (2DRR) spectroscopies have been used to investigate the structural heterogeneity of ensembles and chemical reaction mechanisms in recent years. Our previous work suggests that the intensities of artifacts may be comparable to the desired 2DRR response for some chemical systems and experimental approaches. In a type of artifact known as a "cascade," the four-wave mixing signal field radiated by one molecule induces a four-wave mixing process in a second molecule. We consider the susceptibility of 2DRR spectroscopy to various types of signal cascades in the present work. Calculations are conducted using empirical parameters obtained for a molecule with an intramolecular charge-transfer transition in acetonitrile. For a fully impulsive pulse sequence, it is shown that "parallel" cascades involving two solute molecules are generally more intense than that of the desired 2DRR response when the solute's mode displacements are 1.0 or less. In addition, we find that the magnitudes of parallel cascades involving both solute and solvent molecules (i.e., a solute-solvent cascade) may exceed that of the 2DRR response when the solute possesses small mode displacements. It is tempting to assume that solute-solvent cascades possess negligible intensities because the off-resonant Raman cross sections of solvents are usually 4-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the electronically resonant solute; however, the present calculations show that the difference in solute and solvent concentrations can fully compensate for the difference in Raman cross sections under common experimental conditions. Implications for control experiments and alternate approaches for 2DRR spectroscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Cheshire
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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2
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Muniz‐Miranda M, Muniz‐Miranda F, Pedone A. SERS and DFT investigation on push‐pull molecules: 4‐Dimethylamino‐ 4’‐nitrostilbene adsorbed on silver colloidal nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Muniz‐Miranda
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di Firenze (UniFI) Via Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Muniz‐Miranda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e GeologicheUniversità degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UniMORE) Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
- Center for Molecular ModelingGhent University Technologiepark 903 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e GeologicheUniversità degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UniMORE) Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
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3
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Muniz-Miranda F, Pedone A, Muniz-Miranda M. Spectroscopic and DFT investigation on the photo-chemical properties of a push-pull chromophore: 4-Dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:33-39. [PMID: 28892719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4-Dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS), a π-conjugated push-pull molecule, has been investigated by means of a combined spectroscopic and computational approach. When the Raman excitation is close to the visible electronic transition of DANS, vibrational bands not belonging to DANS appear in the spectra, increasing with the laser power. These bands are observed at room temperature in the solid phase, but not at low temperature or in solution, and we interpret them as due to a thermally-activated photoreaction occurring under laser irradiation in the visible spectral region. Density-functional calculations correctly reproducing the electronic and vibrational spectra of DANS, describe the charge-transfer process, indicate that an azo-derivative is the product of the photoreaction of DANS and provide a reasonable interpretation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Muniz-Miranda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UniMORE), Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UniMORE), Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muniz-Miranda
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze (UniFI), Via Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Kayal S, Roy K, Umapathy S. Femtosecond coherent nuclear dynamics of excited tetraphenylethylene: Ultrafast transient absorption and ultrafast Raman loss spectroscopic studies. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kayal
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Khokan Roy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Zafra JL, Molina Ontoria A, Mayorga Burrezo P, Peña-Alvarez M, Samoc M, Szeremeta J, Ramírez FJ, Lovander MD, Droske CJ, Pappenfus TM, Echegoyen L, López Navarrete JT, Martín N, Casado J. Fingerprints of Through-Bond and Through-Space Exciton and Charge π-Electron Delocalization in Linearly Extended [2.2]Paracyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3095-3105. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Zafra
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Agustín Molina Ontoria
- IMDEA-Nanociencia,
C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | | | - Marek Samoc
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Szeremeta
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francisco J. Ramírez
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Matthew D. Lovander
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Christopher J. Droske
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA-Nanociencia,
C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
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6
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Excited-state vibrational relaxation and deactivation dynamics of trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4′-nitrostilbene in nonpolar solvents studied by ultrafast time-resolved broadband fluorescence spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Xu J, Li F, Wei J, Peng X. Synthesis of Polynitrostilbenes from 2,4,6-Trinitro-M-Xylene and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by a Microwave-Assisted Solvent Free Method. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13944453321075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of polynitrostilbenes involving the condensation of 2,4,6-trinitro- m-xylene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with aryl aldehydes in the presence of piperidine and silica-gel is reported. Compared with conventional methods, a shorter reaction time is required and this method has a lower environmental impact. A mechanism for the reaction is also proposed and supported by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Fangmei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
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8
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Wang HW, Chen C, Hsu FC, Shieh HC, Wang JK, Lin SH, Hayashi M. Theoretical Studies of Distyrylbenzene and its Optical Properties. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Rafiq S, Sen P. Dielectric controlled excited state relaxation pathways of a representative push-pull stilbene: A mechanistic study using femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:084308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Hofmann K, Brumm S, Mende C, Nagel K, Seifert A, Roth I, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Spange S. Solvatochromism and acidochromism of azobenzene-functionalized poly(vinyl amines). NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40313g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Petsalakis ID, Georgiadou DG, Vasilopoulou M, Pistolis G, Dimotikali D, Argitis P, Theodorakopoulos G. Theoretical Investigation on the Effect of Protonation on the Absorption and Emission Spectra of Two Amine-Group-Bearing, Red “Push−Pull” Emitters, 4-Dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-p-(dimethylamino) styryl-4H-pyran, by DFT and TDDFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5580-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - D. G Georgiadou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - M. Vasilopoulou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - G. Pistolis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - D. Dimotikali
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - P. Argitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - G. Theodorakopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institute of Microelectronics and Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
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12
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Leng W, Bazan GC, Kelley AM. Solvent effects on resonance Raman and hyper-Raman scatterings for a centrosymmetric distyrylbenzene and relationship to two-photon absorption. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:044501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3063655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Myers Kelley A. Resonance Raman and Resonance Hyper-Raman Intensities: Structure and Dynamics of Molecular Excited States in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11975-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805530y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Myers Kelley
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344
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14
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Guthmuller J, Champagne B. Resonance Raman Scattering of Rhodamine 6G as Calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Vibronic and Solvent Effects. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3215-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guthmuller
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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15
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Guthmuller J, Champagne B. Time dependent density functional theory investigation of the resonance Raman properties of the julolidinemalononitrile push-pull chromophore in various solvents. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2790907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Shoute LCT, Helburn R, Kelley AM. Solvent Effects on the Resonance Raman and Hyper-Raman Spectra and First Hyperpolarizability of N,N-Dipropyl-p-nitroaniline. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1251-8. [PMID: 17256826 DOI: 10.1021/jp066599s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Linear absorption spectra, resonance Raman spectra and excitation profiles, and two-photon-resonant hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman scattering hyperpolarizability profiles are reported for the push-pull chromophore N,N-dipropyl-p-nitroaniline in seven solvents spanning a wide range of polarities. The absorption spectral maximum red shifts by about 2700 cm(-1), and the symmetric -NO2 stretch shifts to lower frequencies by about 11 cm(-1) from hexane to acetonitrile, indicative of significant solvent effects on both the ground and excited electronic states. The intensity patterns in the resonance Raman and hyper-Raman spectra are similar and show only a small solvent dependence except in acetonitrile, where both the Raman and hyper-Raman intensities are considerably reduced. Quantitative modeling of all four spectroscopic observables in all seven solvents reveals that the origin of this effect is an increased solvent-induced homogeneous broadening in acetonitrile. The linear absorption oscillator strength is nearly solvent-independent, and the peak resonant hyperpolarizability, beta(-2omega;omega,omega), varies by only about 15% across the wide range of solvents examined. These results suggest that the resonant two-photon absorption cross sections in this chromophore should exhibit only a weak solvent dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344, USA
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17
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Howell SL, Gordon KC, Waterland MR, Leung KH, Phillips DL. Resonance Raman Excitation Profile of a Ruthenium(II) Complex of Dipyrido[2,3-a:3‘,2‘-c]phenazine. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11194-9. [PMID: 16986855 DOI: 10.1021/jp063197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The lowest energy transition of [Ru(CN)(4)(ppb)](2-) (ppb = dipyrido[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine), a metal-to-ligand charge transfer, has been probed using resonance Raman spectroscopy with excitation wavelengths (488, 514, 530, and 568 nm) spanning the lowest energy absorption band centered at 522 nm. Wave packet modeling was used to simultaneously model this lowest energy absorption band and the cross sections of the resonance Raman bands at the series of excitation wavelengths across this absorption band. A fit to within +/-20% was obtained for the Raman cross sections, close to the experimental uncertainty which is typically 10-20%. Delta values of 0.1-0.4 were obtained for modes which were either localized on the ppb ligand (345-1599 cm(-1)) or the CN modes (2063 and 2097 cm(-1)). DFT calculations reveal that the resonance Raman bands observed are due to modes delocalized over the entire ppb ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Shoute LCT, Woo HY, Vak D, Bazan GC, Myers Kelley A. Solvent effects on resonant first hyperpolarizabilities and Raman and hyper-Raman spectra of DANS and a water-soluble analog. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:054506. [PMID: 16942225 DOI: 10.1063/1.2227028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-photon-resonant first hyperpolarizabilities associated with hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman scattering are reported for 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene in 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and methanol, and for an ionic analog, 4-N,N-bis(6-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-hexyl)amino-4-nitrostilbene dibromide in methanol and water. Resonance Raman and hyper-Raman excitation profiles are also measured and modeled. The resonance Raman and hyper-Raman spectra show very similar relative intensities which do not vary much as the excitation frequency is tuned across the lowest-energy strong linear absorption band, suggesting that a single resonant electronic state dominates the one- and two-photon absorptions in this region. The absorption, resonance Raman, and hyper-Raman profiles can be simulated reasonably well with a common set of parameters. The peak resonant (absolute value of beta)2, measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering, varies by about 50% over the range of solvents examined and shows a weak correlation with the linear absorption maximum, with the redder-absorbing systems exhibiting larger peak hyperpolarizabilities. The experimental hyper-Rayleigh intensities are higher than those calculated, possibly reflecting contributions from nonresonant electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95340, USA
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19
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Moran AM, Maddox JB, Hong JW, Kim J, Nome RA, Bazan GC, Mukamel S, Scherer NF. Optical coherence and theoretical study of the excitation dynamics of a highly symmetric cyclophane-linked oligophenylenevinylene dimer. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:194904. [PMID: 16729841 DOI: 10.1063/1.2196041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronic properties of a polyphenylenevinylene-based oligomer and its paracylophane-linked dimer are studied using a variety of experimental and theoretical techniques. Despite the symmetrical structure and redshifted absorption of the dimer versus the monomer, an exciton picture is not the most appropriate. Electronic structure calculations establish changes in charge density upon optical excitation and show localized excitations that cannot be accounted for by a simple Frenkel exciton model. Visible frequency pump-probe anisotropy measurements suggest that the dimer should be considered as a three-level system with a fast, approximately 130 fs, internal conversion from the higher to lower energy excited electronic state. Signatures of nuclear relaxation processes are compared for electric field-resolved transient grating and two-dimensional photon echo spectra. These measurements reveal that nuclear relaxation occurs on similar time scales for the monomer and dimer. The connection between the spectral phase of four-wave mixing signals and the time dependent width of a nuclear wave packet is discussed. Semiempirical electronic structure and metropolis Monte Carlo calculations show that the dominant line broadening mechanisms for the monomer and dimer are associated with inter-ring torsional coordinates. Together, the theoretical calculations and electric field-resolved four-wave mixing experiments suggest that while the structure of dimer is more rigid than that of monomer, the difference in their rigidities is not sufficient to slow down excited state relaxation of dimer with respect to the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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20
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Shoute LCT, Blanchard-Desce M, Kelley AM. Resonance Hyper-Raman Excitation Profiles and Two-Photon States of a Donor−Acceptor Substituted Polyene. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10503-11. [PMID: 16834305 DOI: 10.1021/jp0545851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra and excitation profiles have been measured for a "push-pull" donor-acceptor substituted conjugated polyene bearing a julolidine donor group and a nitrophenyl acceptor group, in acetone at excitation wavelengths from 485 to 356 nm (two-photon wavelengths for the nonlinear spectra). These wavelengths span the strong visible to near-UV linear absorption spectrum, which appears to involve at least three different electronic transitions. The relative intensities of different vibrational bands vary considerably across the excitation spectrum, with the hyper-Raman spectra showing greater variation than the linear Raman. A previously derived theory of resonance hyper-Raman intensities is modified to include contributions from purely vibrational levels of the ground electronic state as intermediate states in the two-photon absorption process. These contributions are found to have only a slight effect on the hyper-Rayleigh intensities and profiles, but they significantly influence some of the hyper-Raman profiles. The absorption spectrum and the Raman, hyper-Rayleigh, and hyper-Raman excitation profiles are quantitatively simulated under the assumption that three excited electronic states contribute to the one- and two-photon absorption in this region. The transition centered near 400 nm is largely localized on the nitrophenyl group, while the transitions near 475 and 355 nm are more delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, CA 95344, USA
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21
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Shoute LCT, Bartholomew GP, Bazan GC, Kelley AM. Resonance hyper-Raman excitation profiles of a donor-acceptor substituted distyrylbenzene: One-photon and two-photon states. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:184508. [PMID: 15918730 DOI: 10.1063/1.1891708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra of the "push-pull" conjugated molecule 1-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)-4-(4"-nitrostyryl)benzene in acetone have been measured at excitation wavelengths from 485 to 356 nm (two-photon wavelengths for the nonlinear spectra), resonant with the first two bands in the linear absorption spectrum. The theory of resonance hyper-Raman scattering intensities is developed and simplified using assumptions appropriate for intramolecular charge-transfer transitions of large molecules in solution. The absorption spectrum and the Raman, hyper-Rayleigh, and hyper-Raman excitation profiles, all in absolute intensity units, are quantitatively simulated to probe the structures and the one- and two-photon transition strengths of the two lowest-energy allowed electronic transitions. All four spectroscopic observables are reasonably well reproduced with a single set of excited-state parameters. The two lowest-energy, one-photon allowed electronic transitions have fairly comparable one-photon and two-photon transition strengths, but the higher-energy transition is largely localized on the nitrophenyl group while the lower-energy transition is more delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95344, USA
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22
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Nakabayashi T, Wahadoszamen M, Ohta N. External Electric Field Effects on State Energy and Photoexcitation Dynamics of Diphenylpolyenes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:7041-52. [PMID: 15884948 DOI: 10.1021/ja0401444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
External electric field effects on state energy and photoexcitation dynamics have been examined for para-substituted and unsubstituted all-trans-diphenylpolyenes doped in a film, based on the steady-state and picosecond time-resolved measurements of the field effects on absorption and fluorescence. The substitution dependence of the electroabsorption spectra shows that the dipole moment of the substituted stilbene in the Franck-Condon excited state becomes larger with increasing difference between the Hammet constants of the substituents. Fluorescence quantum yields of 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene and 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrodiphenylbutadiene are markedly reduced by an electric field, suggesting that the rates of the intramolecular charge transfer (CT) from the fluorescent state to the nonradiative CT state are accelerated by an external electric field. The magnitude of the field-induced decrease in fluorescence lifetime has been evaluated. The isomerization of the unsubstituted all-trans-diphenylpolyenes to the cis forms is shown to be a significant nonradiative pathway even in a film. Field-induced quenching of their fluorescence as well as field-induced decrease in fluorescence lifetime suggests that the trans to cis photoisomerization is enhanced by an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Leng W, Würthner F, Kelley AM. Solvent-Dependent Vibrational Frequencies and Reorganization Energies of Two Merocyanine Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1570-5. [PMID: 16833479 DOI: 10.1021/jp045145x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Absorption and resonance Raman spectra have been measured over a wide range of solvents for two merocyanine dyes containing the indoline ("Fischer" base) electron donor group with different accepting groups. One appears to be near the cyanine limit (equal contributions of the neutral and zwitterionic resonance forms to both ground- and excited-state structures) based on electrooptic absorption data showing a very small dipole moment change upon electronic excitation. The resonance Raman spectra of both molecules show significant frequency shifts and intensity redistributions that evolve monotonically with increasing solvent polarity and are consistent with increasing zwitterionic character of the ground-state structure. The vibrational reorganization energies of both molecules, obtained by simulating the absorption band shapes, are smaller in polar solvents than in nonpolar or weakly polar ones, consistent with a more cyanine-like structure at higher solvent polarities. However, the vibrational reorganization energies of both molecules exceed 700 cm(-1) in all solvents, larger than in many true cyanine dyes, and the optical absorption maxima do not correlate well with either solvent polarity or vibrational reorganization energy. This indicates some limitations to the structural conclusions that can be reached from the two-state model for pi-conjugated donor-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Leng
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344, USA
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Shoute LCT, Blanchard-Desce M, Kelley AM. Tunable resonance hyper-Raman spectroscopy of second-order nonlinear optical chromophores. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:7045-8. [PMID: 15473768 DOI: 10.1063/1.1806131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon-resonant hyper-Raman spectra are reported for three "push-pull" conjugated organic chromophores bearing -NO(2) acceptor groups, two dipolar and one octupolar. The excitation source is an unamplified picosecond mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser tunable from 720 to 950 nm. The linear resonance Raman spectra of the same molecules are measured using excitation from the laser second harmonic. Excitation on resonance with the lowest-lying band in the linear absorption spectrum yields nearly identical resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra. However, excitation into a region that appears to contain more than one electronic transition gives rise to different intensity patterns in the linear and nonlinear spectra, indicating that different transitions contribute differently to the one-photon and two-photon oscillator strength. The promise of the hyper-Raman technique for examining electronic transitions that are both one- and two-photon allowed is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95344, USA
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25
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Tripathy K, Moreno JP, Kuzyk MG, Coe BJ, Clays K, Kelley AM. Why hyperpolarizabilities fall short of the fundamental quantum limits. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:7932-45. [PMID: 15485256 DOI: 10.1063/1.1795672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum sum rules impose limits on the hyperpolarizability, beta. A survey of the largest second-order molecular susceptibilities finds what appears to be a universal gap between the experimental results and the fundamental limits. In this work, we use theory, linear spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and measured values of beta (using hyper-Rayleigh scattering and Stark Spectroscopy) to show that this gap is due to an unfavorable arrangement of excited state energies. The question of whether this result is a universal property of a quantum system or a matter of present paradigms for making molecules is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakoli Tripathy
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2814, USA
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Myers Kelley A. A multimode vibronic treatment of absorption, resonance Raman, and hyper-Rayleigh scattering of excitonically coupled molecular dimers. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1588995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Biswas N, Umapathy S. Resonance Raman study of the solvent dynamics for ultrafast charge transfer transition in 4-nitro-4′-dimethylamino-azobenzene. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1555628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Zhou X, Ren AM, Feng JK, Liu XJ. Theoretical Study of Two-Photon Absorption Properties of a Series of Double-Layer Paracyclophane Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027184j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Ji-Kang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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