1
|
Appearance and Disappearance of Quasi-Liquid Layers on Ice Crystals in the Presence of Nitric Acid Gas. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of ice crystals near the melting point are covered with thin liquid water layers, called quasi-liquid layers (QLLs), which play crucial roles in various chemical reactions in nature. So far, there have been many spectroscopic studies of such chemical reactions on ice surfaces, however, revealing the effects of atmospheric gases on ice surfaces remains an experimental challenge. In this study, we chose HNO3 as a model atmospheric gas, and directly observed the ice basal faces by advanced optical microscopy under partial pressure of HNO3 (~10−4 Pa), relevant to those found in the atmosphere. We found that droplets (HNO3-QLLs) appeared on ice surfaces at temperatures ranging from −0.9 to −0.2 °C with an increase in temperature, and that they disappeared at temperatures ranging from −0.6 to −1.3 °C with decreasing temperature. We also found that the size of the HNO3-QLLs decreased immediately after we started reducing the temperature. From the changes in size and the liquid–solid phase diagram of the HNO3-H2O binary system, we concluded that the HNO3-QLLs did not consist of pure water, but rather aqueous HNO3 solutions, and that the temperature and HNO3 concentration of the HNO3-QLLs also coincided with those along a liquidus line.
Collapse
|
2
|
Beyer KD, Pearson CS, Henningfield DS. Solid/Liquid Phase Diagram of the Ammonium Sulfate/Glutaric Acid/Water System. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401648y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
| | - Christian S. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
| | - Drew S. Henningfield
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romanias MN, Zogka AG, Papadimitriou VC, Papagiannakopoulos P. Uptake Measurements of Acetic Acid on Ice and Nitric Acid-Doped Thin Ice Films over Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:2198-208. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205196t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Romanias
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonia G. Zogka
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreno E, Aranda A, Díaz-de-Mera Y, Martínez E, Bravo I, Rodríguez A. The role of tropospheric ice surfaces in the elimination of the CFC substitute, trifluoroethanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4425-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23553f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Baloh P, Grothe H, Whitmore K, Parker SF, Llorente BM, Escribano R. Spectroscopic investigation of nitric acid monohydrate. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.593571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Bogdan A, Molina MJ. Why does large relative humidity with respect to ice persist in cirrus ice clouds? J Phys Chem A 2010; 113:14123-30. [PMID: 19925002 DOI: 10.1021/jp9063609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to observations, a large relative humidity with respect to ice, RH(i) >> 100%, often persists outside and inside upper tropospheric cirrus ice clouds. The persistence of the large in-cloud RH(i) means that H(2)O is slowly deposited onto cloud ice crystals. This unusual physical situation is similar to one in which a released body would slowly fall owing to gravitation. Here we present a physical mechanism which can be responsible for the persistence of large in-cloud RH(i). We find that clear-sky RH(i) up to 176% can be built up prior to the formation of ice cirrus by the homogeneous freezing of aqueous droplets containing H(2)SO(4) and HNO(3). As the droplets are cooled, a phase separation, which occurs during freezing, leads to the formation of a residual solution coating around the ice crystals formed. The coating can serve as a shield, slowing the rate of ice growth by approximately 10(3) in comparison with uncoated ice, and this can be a reason for the persistence of the large in-cloud RH(i).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bogdan
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sedo G, Doran JL, Leopold KR. Partial Proton Transfer in the Nitric Acid Trihydrate Complex. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11301-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9063033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galen Sedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jamie L. Doran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kenneth R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petitjean M, Mirabel P, Calvé SL. Uptake Measurements of Acetaldehyde on Solid Ice Surfaces and on Solid/Liquid Supercooled Mixtures Doped with HNO3in the Temperature Range 203−253 K. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5091-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Petitjean
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Ph. Mirabel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - S. Le Calvé
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Craddock MB, Brauer CS, Leopold KR. Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Internal Dynamics of the Nitric Acid Dihydrate Complex. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:488-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Craddock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Carolyn S. Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kenneth R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kerbrat M, Le Calvé S, Mirabel P. Uptake Measurements of Ethanol on Ice Surfaces and on Supercooled Aqueous Solutions Doped with Nitric Acid between 213 and 243 K. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:925-31. [PMID: 17266234 DOI: 10.1021/jp0635011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of ethanol either on pure frozen ice surfaces or supercooled solutions doped with HNO3 (0.63 and 2.49 wt %) has been investigated using a coated wall flow tube coupled to a mass spectrometric detection. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range of 213-243 K. Uptake of ethanol on these surfaces was always found to be totally reversible whatever were the experimental conditions. The number of ethanol molecules adsorbed per surface unit was conventionally plotted as a function of ethanol concentration in the gas phase and subsequently analyzed using Langmuir's model. The amount of ethanol molecules taken up on nitric acid doped-ice surfaces was found to increase largely with increasing nitric acid concentrations. For example at 223 K, and for an ethanol gas-phase concentration of 1x10(13) molecules cm3, the number of adsorbed molecules are (in units of molecules cm-2): approximately 1.3x10(14) on pure ice; approximately 1.4x10(15) on ice doped with HNO3 0.63 wt %; approximately 7.5x10(15) on ice doped with HNO3, 2.49 wt %, i.e. 60 times larger than on pure ice. Since, according to the shape of the isotherms, the adsorption did not proceed beyond monolayer coverage, the enormous increase of ethanol uptake was explained by considering its dissolution in either a supercooled liquid layer (T<230 K) or a liquid solution (T>230 K). The formation of both was indeed favored by the presence of the HNO3. Our experimental results suggest that the amount of ethanol dissolved in such supercooled solutions follows Henry's law and that the Henry's law constants at low temperatures, i.e., 223-243 K, can be estimated by extrapolation from higher temperatures. Such supercooled solutions which exist in the troposphere either in deep convective clouds or in mixed clouds for temperature above 233 K, might be responsible for the scavenging of large amounts of soluble species, such as nitric and sulfuric acids, oxygenated VOCs including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and formaldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kerbrat
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface / CNRS and Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Journet E, Le Calvé S, Mirabel P. Adsorption Study of Acetone on Acid-Doped Ice Surfaces between 203 and 233 K. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14112-7. [PMID: 16852772 DOI: 10.1021/jp051524u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption studies of acetone on pure ice surfaces obtained by water freezing or deposition or on frozen ice surfaces doped either with HNO3 or H2SO4 have been performed using a coated wall flow tube coupled to a mass spectrometric detection. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range 203-233 K and freezing solutions containing either H2SO4 (0.2 N) or HNO3 (0.2-3 N). Adsorption of acetone on these ice surfaces was always found to be totally reversible whatever were the experimental conditions. The number of acetone molecules adsorbed per ice surface unit N was conventionally plotted as a function of acetone concentration in the gas phase. For the same conditions, the amount of acetone molecules adsorbed on pure ice obtained by deposition are about 3-4 times higher than those measured on frozen ice films, H2SO4-doped ice surfaces lead to results comparable to those obtained on pure ice. On the contrary, N increases largely with increasing concentrations of nitric acid in ice surfaces, up to about 300 times under our experimental conditions and for temperatures ranging between 213 and 233 K. Finally, the results are discussed and used to reestimate the partitioning of acetone between the ice and gas phases in clouds of the upper troposphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Journet
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface / CNRS and Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hansen AR, Beyer KD. Experimentally Determined Thermochemical Properties of the Malonic Acid/Water System: Implications for Atmospheric Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0376166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 W. Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Keith D. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 W. Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beyer KD, Hansen AR, Raddatz N. Experimental Determination of the H2SO4/HNO3/H2O Phase Diagram in Regions of Stratospheric Importance. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035572v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Anne R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Nick Raddatz
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tizek H, Knözinger E, Grothe H. Formation and phase distribution of nitric acid hydrates in the mole fraction range xHNO3 < 0.25: A combined XRD and IR study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b310672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Beyer KD, Hansen AR, Poston M. The Search for Sulfuric Acid Octahydrate: Experimental Evidence. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Anne R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Michael Poston
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| |
Collapse
|