1
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Pan M, Schicks JM. Unraveling the Role of Natural Sediments in sII Mixed Gas Hydrate Formation: An Experimental Study. Molecules 2023; 28:5887. [PMID: 37570857 PMCID: PMC10421482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the ever-increasing interests in natural gas hydrates, a better and more precise knowledge of how host sediments interact with hydrates and affect the formation process is crucial. Yet less is reported for the effects of sediments on structure II hydrate formation with complex guest compositions. In this study, experimental simulations were performed based on the natural reservoir in Qilian Mountain permafrost in China (QMP) due to its unique properties. Mixed gas hydrates containing CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and CO2 were synthesized with the presence of natural sediments from QMP, with quartz sands, and without sediments under identical p-T conditions. The promoting effects of sediments regardless of the grain size and species were confirmed on hydrate formation kinetics. The ice-to-hydrate conversion rate with quartz sand and natural QMP sediments increased by 23.5% and 32.7%, respectively. The compositions of the initial hydrate phase varied, but the difference became smaller in the resulting hydrate phases, having reached a steady state. Beside the structure II hydrate phase, another coexisting solid phase, neither ice nor structure I hydrate, was observed in the system with QMP sediments, which was inferred as an amorphous hydrate phase. These findings are essential to understand the mixed gas hydrates in QMP and may shed light on other natural hydrate reservoirs with complex gas compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Pan
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith M. Schicks
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;
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2
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Brann M, Hansknecht SP, Ma X, Sibener SJ. Differential Condensation of Methane Isotopologues Leading to Isotopic Enrichment under Non-equilibrium Gas-Surface Collision Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9405-9413. [PMID: 34658236 PMCID: PMC8558857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examine the initial differential sticking probability of CH4 and CD4 on CH4 and CD4 ices under nonequilibrium flow conditions using a combination of experimental methods and numerical simulations. The experimental methods include time-resolved in situ reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) for monitoring on-surface gaseous condensation and complementary King and Wells mass spectrometry techniques for monitoring sticking probabilities that provide confirmatory results via a second independent measurement method. Seeded supersonic beams are employed so that the entrained CH4 and CD4 have the same incident velocity but different kinetic energies and momenta. We found that as the incident velocity of CH4 and CD4 increases, the sticking probabilities for both molecules on a CH4 condensed film decrease systematically, but that preferential sticking and condensation occur for CD4. These observations differ when condensed CD4 is used as the target interface, indicating that the film's phonon and rovibrational densities of states, and collisional energy transfer cross sections, have a role in differential energy accommodation between isotopically substituted incident species. Lastly, we employed a mixed incident supersonic beam composed of both CH4 and CD4 in a 3:1 ratio and measured the condensate composition as well as the sticking probability. When doing so, we see the same effect in the condensed mixed film, supporting an isotopic enrichment of the heavier isotope. We propose that enhanced multi-phonon interactions and inelastic cross sections between the incident CD4 projectile and the CH4 film allow for more efficacious gas-surface energy transfer. VENUS code MD simulations show the same sticking probability differences between isotopologues as observed in the gas-surface scattering experiments. Ongoing analyses of these trajectories will provide additional insights into energy and momentum transfer between the incident species and the interface. These results offer a new route for isotope enrichment via preferential condensation of heavier isotopes and isotopologues during gas-surface collisions under specifically selected substrate, gas-mixture, and incident velocity conditions. They also yield valuable insights into gaseous condensation under non-equilibrium conditions such as occur in aircraft flight in low-temperature environments. Moreover, these results can help to explain the increased abundance of deuterium in solar system planets and can be incorporated into astrophysical models of interstellar icy dust grain surface processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle
R. Brann
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University
of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
| | - Stephen P. Hansknecht
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University
of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
| | - Xinyou Ma
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University
of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
| | - S. J. Sibener
- The James Franck Institute
and Department of Chemistry, The University
of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
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3
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Jang J, Lim SG, Jeong JH, Raghu AV, Lee JW, Cha M, Muromachi S, Yamamoto Y, Yoon JH. Recovery of N 2O: Energy-Efficient and Structure-Driven Clathrate-Based Greenhouse Gas Separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3909-3917. [PMID: 33476139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N2O has 300 times more global warming potential than CO2 and is also one of the main stratospheric ozone-depleting substances emitted by human activities such as agriculture, industry, and the combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste. We present here an energy-efficient clathrate-based greenhouse gas-separation (CBGS) technology that can operate at room temperature for selectively recovering N2O from gas mixtures. Clathrate formation between α-form/β-form hydroquinone (α-HQ/β-HQ) and gas mixtures reveals guest-specific and structure-driven selectivity, revealing the preferential capture of N2O in β-HQ and the molecular sieving characteristics of α-HQ. With a maximum gas storage capacity and cage occupancy of 54.1 cm3 g-1 and 0.86, respectively, HQ clathrate compounds including N2O are stable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and thus can be easily synthesized, treated, and recycled via commercial CBGS processes. High selectivity for N2O recovery was observed during β-HQ clathrate formation from N2O/N2 gas mixtures with N2O concentrations exceeding 20%, whereas α-HQ traps only N2 molecules from gas mixtures. Full characterization using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and compositional analysis and the formation kinetics of HQ clathrates was conducted to verify the peculiar selectivity behavior and to design the conceptual CBGS process. These results provide a new playground on which to tailor host-guest materials and develop commercial processes for the recovery and/or sequestration of greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeong Jang
- Department of Convergence Study on Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology (OST) School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
| | - Sol Geo Lim
- Department of Convergence Study on Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology (OST) School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
| | - Jae Hak Jeong
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
| | - Appu Vengattoor Raghu
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Gongju-si, Chungnam 31080, Korea
| | - Minjun Cha
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Kangwon 24341, Korea
| | - Sanehiro Muromachi
- Energy Process Research Institute (EPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yamamoto
- Energy Process Research Institute (EPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Ji-Ho Yoon
- Department of Convergence Study on Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology (OST) School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
- Energy Process Research Institute (EPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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4
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New Insights on a µm-Scale into the Transformation Process of CH4 Hydrates to CO2-Rich Mixed Hydrates. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13225908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The global occurrences of natural gas hydrates lead to the conclusion that tremendous amounts of hydrocarbons are bonded in these hydrate-bearing sediments, serving as a potential energy resource. For the release of the hydrate-bonded CH4 from these reservoirs, different production methods have been developed during the last decades. Among them, the chemical stimulation via injection of CO2 is considered as carbon neutral on the basis of the assumption that the hydrate-bonded CH4 is replaced by CO2. For the investigation of the replacement process of hydrate-bonded CH4 with CO2 on a µm-scale, we performed time-resolved in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements combined with microscopic observations, exposing the CH4 hydrates to a CO2 gas phase at 3.2 MPa and 274 K. Single-point Raman measurements, line scans and Raman maps were taken from the hydrate phase. Measurements were performed continuously at defined depths from the surface into the core of several hydrate crystals. Additionally, the changes in composition in the gas phase were recorded. The results clearly indicated the incorporation of CO2 into the hydrate phase with a concentration gradient from the surface to the core of the hydrate particle, supporting the shrinking core model. Microscopic observations, however, indicated that all the crystals changed their surface morphology when exposed to the CO2 gas. Some crystals of the initial CH4 hydrate phase grew or were maintained while at the same time other crystals decreased in sizes and even disappeared over time. This observation suggested a reformation process similar to Ostwald ripening rather than an exchange of molecules in already existing hydrate structures. The experimental results from this work are presented and discussed in consideration of the existing models, providing new insights on a µm-scale into the transformation process of CH4 hydrates to CO2-rich mixed hydrates.
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Hassanpouryouzband A, Joonaki E, Vasheghani Farahani M, Takeya S, Ruppel C, Yang J, English NJ, Schicks JM, Edlmann K, Mehrabian H, Aman ZM, Tohidi B. Gas hydrates in sustainable chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5225-5309. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review includes the current state of the art understanding and advances in technical developments about various fields of gas hydrates, which are combined with expert perspectives and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband
- Hydrates, Flow Assurance & Phase Equilibria Research Group
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering
- School of Energy
- Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society
- Heriot-Watt University
| | - Edris Joonaki
- Hydrates, Flow Assurance & Phase Equilibria Research Group
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering
- School of Energy
- Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society
- Heriot-Watt University
| | - Mehrdad Vasheghani Farahani
- Hydrates, Flow Assurance & Phase Equilibria Research Group
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering
- School of Energy
- Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society
- Heriot-Watt University
| | - Satoshi Takeya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba 305-8565
- Japan
| | | | - Jinhai Yang
- Hydrates, Flow Assurance & Phase Equilibria Research Group
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering
- School of Energy
- Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society
- Heriot-Watt University
| | - Niall J. English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | | | - Katriona Edlmann
- School of Geosciences
- University of Edinburgh
- Grant Institute
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Hadi Mehrabian
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Zachary M. Aman
- Fluid Science & Resources
- School of Engineering
- University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Bahman Tohidi
- Hydrates, Flow Assurance & Phase Equilibria Research Group
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering
- School of Energy
- Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society
- Heriot-Watt University
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6
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Nucleation and dissociation of methane clathrate embryo at the gas-water interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23410-23415. [PMID: 31690661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912592116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among natural energy resources, methane clathrate has attracted tremendous attention because of its strong relevance to current energy and environment issues. Yet little is known about how the clathrate starts to nucleate and disintegrate at the molecular level, because such microscopic processes are difficult to probe experimentally. Using surface-specific sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy, we have studied in situ the nucleation and disintegration of methane clathrate embryos at the methane-gas-water interface under high pressure and different temperatures. Before appearance of macroscopic methane clathrate, the interfacial structure undergoes 3 stages as temperature varies, namely, dissolution of methane molecules into water interface, formation of cage-like methane-water complexes, and appearance of microscopic methane clathrate, while the bulk water structure remains unchanged. We find spectral features associated with methane-water complexes emerging in the induction time. The complexes are present over a wide temperature window and act as nuclei for clathrate growth. Their existence in the melt of clathrates explains why melted clathrates can be more readily recrystallized at higher temperature, the so-called "memory effect." Our findings here on the nucleation mechanism of clathrates could provide guidance for rational control of formation and disintegration of clathrates.
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7
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Liu W, Li Y, Zhang L, Shen S, Yang M, Zhao J, Song Y. Modeling Gas Hydrate Formation from Ice Powders Based on Diffusion Theory. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579519020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Shagapov VS, Chiglintseva AS, Rafikova GR. On the Applicability of a Quasi-Stationary Solution of the Diffusion Equation for the Hydrate Layer Formed at the Gas–Ice (Water) Interface. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579518040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Uras-Aytemiz N, Balcı FM, Maşlakcı Z, Özsoy H, Devlin JP. Molecular Modes and Dynamics of HCl and DCl Guests of Gas Clathrate Hydrates. J Phys Chem A 2015. [PMID: 26225898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have yielded advances in the placement of unusual molecules as guests within clathrate hydrates (CHs) without severe distortion of the classic lattice structures. Reports describing systems for which observable but limited distortion does occur are available for methanol, ammonia, acetone, and small ether molecules. In these particular examples, the large-cage molecules often participate as non-classical guests H-bonded to the cage walls. Here, we expand the list of such components to include HCl/DCl and HBr as small-cage guests. Based on FTIR spectra of nanocrystalline CHs from two distinct preparative methods combined with critical insights derived from on-the-fly molecular dynamics and ab initio computational data, a coherent argument emerges that these strong acids serve as a source of molecular small-cage guests, ions, and orientational defects. Depending on the HCl/DCl content the ions, defects and molecular guests determine the CH structures, some of which form in sub-seconds via an all-vapor preparative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Uras-Aytemiz
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Karabuk University , 78050 Karabuk, Turkey
| | - F Mine Balcı
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University , 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zafer Maşlakcı
- Department of Chemistry, Karabuk University , 78050 Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hasan Özsoy
- Department of Chemistry, Karabuk University , 78050 Karabuk, Turkey
| | - J Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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10
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Komatsu H, Ota M, Sato Y, Watanabe M, Smith RL. Multiple adsorption resistance model for constituent molecular effects in hydrogen clathration kinetics in clathrate hydrate particles. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lee BR, Koh CA, Sum AK. Quantitative measurement and mechanisms for CH4 production from hydrates with the injection of liquid CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14922-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of the potential mechanisms for CH4 production based on “exchange” and “no exchange” between CO2 and CH4 hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Lee
- Center for Hydrate Research
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Koh
- Center for Hydrate Research
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Amadeu K. Sum
- Center for Hydrate Research
- Chemical & Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
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12
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Review of CO2–CH4 clathrate hydrate replacement reaction laboratory studies – Properties and kinetics. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Chen JY, Yoo CS. Formation and phase transitions of methane hydrates under dynamic loadings: compression rate dependent kinetics. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:114513. [PMID: 22443783 DOI: 10.1063/1.3695212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe high-pressure kinetic studies of the formation and phase transitions of methane hydrates (MH) under dynamic loading conditions, using a dynamic-diamond anvil cell (d-DAC) coupled with time-resolved confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and high-speed microphotography. The time-resolved spectra and dynamic pressure responses exhibit profound compression-rate dependences associated with both the formation and the solid-solid phase transitions of MH-I to II and MH-II to III. Under dynamic loading conditions, MH forms only from super-compressed water and liquid methane in a narrow pressure range between 0.9 and 1.6 GPa at the one-dimensional (1D) growth rate of 42 μm/s. MH-I to II phase transition occurs at the onset of water solidification 0.9 GPa, following a diffusion controlled mechanism. We estimated the activation volume to be -109±29 Å(3), primarily associated with relatively slow methane diffusion which follows the rapid interfacial reconstruction, or martensitic displacements of atomic positions and hydrogen bonds, of 5(12)6(2) water cages in MH-I to 4(3)5(12)6(3) cages in MH-II. MH-II to III transition, on the other hand, occurs over a broad pressure range between 1.5 and 2.2 GPa, following a reconstructive mechanism from super-compressed MH-II clathrates to a broken ice-filled viscoelastic solid of MH-III. It is found that the profound dynamic effects observed in the MH formation and phase transitions are primarily governed by the stability of water and ice phases at the relevant pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yin Chen
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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14
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Gholipour Zanjani N, Zarringhalam Moghaddam A, Nazari K, Mohammad-Taheri M. Increasing the Storage Capacity and Selectivity in the Formation of Natural Gas Hydrates Using Porous Media. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Vítek A, Ofiala A, Kalus R. Thermodynamics of water clusters under high pressures. A case study for (H2O)15 and (H2O)15CH4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15509-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Uras-Aytemiz N, Abrrey Monreal I, Devlin JP. Communication: Quantitative Fourier-transform infrared data for competitive loading of small cages during all-vapor instantaneous formation of gas-hydrate aerosols. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:141103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3652756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Uras-Aytemiz
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - I. Abrrey Monreal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - J. Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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17
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Jacobson LC, Hujo W, Molinero V. Nucleation pathways of clathrate hydrates: effect of guest size and solubility. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:13796-807. [PMID: 20931990 DOI: 10.1021/jp107269q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the microscopic mechanism of nucleation of clathrate hydrates is important for their use in hydrogen storage, CO(2) sequestration, storage and transport of natural gas, and the prevention of the formation of hydrate plugs in oil and gas pipelines. These applications involve hydrate guests of varied sizes and solubility in water that form different hydrate crystal structures. Nevertheless, molecular studies of the mechanism of nucleation of hydrates have focused on the single class of small hydrophobic guests that stabilize the sI crystal. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations with a very efficient coarse-grained model to elucidate the mechanisms of nucleation of clathrate hydrates of four model guests that span a 2 orders of magnitude range in solubility in water and that encompass sizes which stabilize each one a different hydrate structure (sI and sII, with and without occupancy of the dodecahedral cages). We find that the overall mechanism of clathrate nucleation is similar for all guests and involves a first step of formation of blobs, dense clusters of solvent-separated guest molecules that are the birthplace of the clathrate cages. Blobs of hydrophobic guests are rarer and longer-lived than those for soluble guests. For each guest, we find multiple competing channels to form the critical nuclei, filled dodecahedral (5(12)) cages, empty 5(12) cages, and a variety of filled large (5(12)6(n) with n = 2, 3, and 4) clathrate cages. Formation of empty dodecahedra is an important nucleation channel for all but the smallest guest. The empty 5(12) cages are stabilized by the presence of guests from the blob in their first solvation shell. Under conditions of high supercooling, the structure of the critical and subcritical nuclei is mainly determined by the size of the guest and does not reflect the cage composition or ordering of the stable or metastable clathrate crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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18
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Luzi M, Girod M, Naumann R, Schicks JM, Erzinger J. A high-pressure cell for kinetic studies on gas hydrates by powder x-ray diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:125105. [PMID: 21198049 DOI: 10.1063/1.3520465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new high-pressure-low-temperature cell was developed for in situ observations of gas hydrates by powder x-ray diffraction. The experimental setup allows investigating hydrate formation and dissociation as well as transformation processes between different hydrate crystal structures as a function of pressure, temperature, and feed gas composition. Due to a continuous gas flow, the composition of the gas phase is kept constant during the whole experiment. This is crucial for the formation of mixed hydrates formed from feed gas mixtures that contain one or more components in low concentrations. The pressure cell can be used in a pressure range between 0.1 and 4.0 MPa and a temperature range between 248 and 298 K. First results of time-resolved measurements of a mixed structure II CH(4) + iso-C(4)H(10) hydrate and a structure I CO(2) hydrate are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luzi
- Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
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19
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Devlin JP, Monreal IA. Instant Conversion of Air to a Clathrate Hydrate: CO2 Hydrates Directly from Moist Air and Moist CO2(g). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13129-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - I. Abrrey Monreal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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20
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Saha D, Deng S. Accelerated formation of THF-H2 clathrate hydrate in porous media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8414-8418. [PMID: 20148547 DOI: 10.1021/la904857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Porous media were used to control the hydrogen clathrate particle size in order to accelerate its formation kinetics. Stoichiometric tetrahydrofuran-hydrogen binary clathrate hydrates with approximately 1 wt % hydrogen loading formed in the mesopores of four porous media with median pore diameters of 49, 65, 100, and 226 A at 270 K and hydrogen pressure of 65 bar. The minimum formation time for the tetrahydrofuran-hydrogen binary clathrate hydrates was 27 min in a porous medium with a median pore diameter of 49 A, which is 6-22 times faster than the tetrahydrofuran-hydrogen binary clathrate hydrates formed in the bulk ice. The clathrate formation time was found to increase with pore size of the porous media. A modified shrinking core kinetic model was used to calculate the diffusivity of hydrogen in the tetrahydrofuran-hydrogen binary clathrate hydrates. Hydrogen diffusivities in the tetrahydrofuran-hydrogen binary clathrate hydrates were found to be on the order of 10(-18)-10(-19) m(2)/s and decrease with increasing pore size or clathrate particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendu Saha
- Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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Vu TH, Dai Kälin S, Shultz MJ. Spectroscopic Identification of Water−Propane Interaction: Implications for Clathrate Nucleation. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6356-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101678z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hoang Vu
- Pearson Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and AmniSure International LLC, 30 JFK Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Sarah Dai Kälin
- Pearson Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and AmniSure International LLC, 30 JFK Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Mary Jane Shultz
- Pearson Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and AmniSure International LLC, 30 JFK Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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22
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Clathrate–hydrate ultrafast nucleation and crystallization from supercooled aqueous nanodroplets. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Murshed MM, Schmidt BC, Kuhs WF. Kinetics of methane-ethane gas replacement in clathrate-hydrates studied by time-resolved neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:247-55. [PMID: 19863115 DOI: 10.1021/jp908016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of CH(4)-C(2)H(6) replacement in gas hydrates has been studied by in situ neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Deuterated ethane structure type I (C(2)H(6) sI) hydrates were transformed in a closed volume into methane-ethane mixed structure type II (CH(4)-C(2)H(6) sII) hydrates at 5 MPa and various temperatures in the vicinity of 0 degrees C while followed by time-resolved neutron powder diffraction on D20 at ILL, Grenoble. The role of available surface area of the sI starting material on the formation kinetics of sII hydrates was studied. Ex situ Raman spectroscopic investigations were carried out to crosscheck the gas composition and the distribution of the gas species over the cages as a function of structure type and compared to the in situ neutron results. Raman micromapping on single hydrate grains showed compositional and structural gradients between the surface and core of the transformed hydrates. Moreover, the observed methane-ethane ratio is very far from the one expected for a formation from a constantly equilibrated gas phase. The results also prove that gas replacement in CH(4)-C(2)H(6) hydrates is a regrowth process involving the nucleation of new crystallites commencing at the surface of the parent C(2)H(6) sI hydrate with a progressively shrinking core of unreacted material. The time-resolved neutron diffraction results clearly indicate an increasing diffusion limitation of the exchange process. This diffusion limitation leads to a progressive slowing down of the exchange reaction and is likely to be responsible for the incomplete exchange of the gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mangir Murshed
- GZG, Abt. Kristallographie, Universitat Gottingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
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25
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Buch V, Devlin JP, Monreal IA, Jagoda-Cwiklik B, Uras-Aytemiz N, Cwiklik L. Clathrate hydrates with hydrogen-bonding guests. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10245-65. [PMID: 19890506 DOI: 10.1039/b911600c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clathrate hydrates (CHs) are inclusion compounds in which "tetrahedrally" bonded H(2)O forms a crystalline host lattice composed of a periodic array of cages. The structure is stabilized by guest particles which occupy the cages and interact with cage walls via van der Waals interactions. A host of atoms or small molecules can act as guests; here the focus is on guests that are capable of strong to intermediate H-bonding to water (small ethers, H(2)S, etc.) but nevertheless "choose" this hydrate crystal form in which H-bonding is absent from the equilibrium crystal structure. These CHs can form by exposure of ice to guest molecules at temperatures as low as 100-150 K, at the (low) guest saturation pressure. This is in contrast to the "normal" CHs whose formation typically requires temperatures well above 200 K and at least moderate pressures. The experimental part of this study addresses formation kinetics of CHs with H-bonding guests, as well as transformation kinetics between different CH forms, studied by CH infrared spectroscopy. The accompanying computational study suggests that the unique properties of this family of CHs are due to exceptional richness of the host lattice in point defects, caused by defect stabilization by H-bonding of water to the guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Buch
- The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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26
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Murshed MM, Kuhs WF. Kinetic studies of methane-ethane mixed gas hydrates by neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5172-80. [PMID: 19354304 DOI: 10.1021/jp810248s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ formations of CH(4)-C(2)H(6) mixed gas hydrates were made using high flux neutron diffraction at 270 K and 5 MPa. For this purpose, a feed gas composition of CH(4) and C(2)H(6) (95 mol% CH(4)) was employed. The rates of transformation of spherical grains of deuterated ice Ih into hydrates were measured by time-resolved neutron powder diffraction on D20 at ILL, Grenoble. Phase fractions of the crystalline constituents were obtained from Rietveld refinements. A concomitant formation of structure type I (sI) and structure type II (sII) hydrates were observed soon after the gas pressure was applied. The initial fast formation of sII hydrate reached its maximum volume and started declining very slowly. The formation of sI hydrate followed a sigmoid growth kinetics that slowed down due to diffusion limitation. This observation has been interpreted in terms of a kinetically favored nucleation of the sII hydrate along with a slow transformation into sI. Both powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopic results suggest that a C(2)H(6)-rich sII hydrate was formed at the early part of the clathration, which slowly decreased to approximately 3% after a reaction of 158 days as confirmed by synchrotron XRD. The final persistence of a small portion of sII hydrate points to a miscibility gap between CH(4)-rich sI and C(2)H(6)-rich sII hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mangir Murshed
- GZG, Abteilung Kristallographie, Universitat Gottingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
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27
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Kumar R, Englezos P, Moudrakovski I, Ripmeester JA. Structure and composition of CO2/H2and CO2/H2/C3H8hydrate in relation to simultaneous CO2capture and H2production. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Wang W, Bray CL, Adams DJ, Cooper AI. Methane storage in dry water gas hydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11608-9. [PMID: 18683923 DOI: 10.1021/ja8048173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dry water stores 175 v(STP)/v methane at 2.7 MPa and 273.2 K in a hydrate form which is close to the Department of Energy volumetric target for methane storage. Dry water is a silica-stabilized free-flowing powder (95% wt water), and fast methane uptakes were observed (90% saturation uptake in 160 min with no mixing) as a result of the relatively large surface-to-volume ratio of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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29
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Ribeiro CP, Lage PL. Modelling of hydrate formation kinetics: State-of-the-art and future directions. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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31
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Dec SF, Bowler KE, Stadterman LL, Koh CA, Sloan ED. NMR Study of Methane + Ethane Structure I Hydrate Decomposition. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4297-303. [PMID: 17458944 DOI: 10.1021/jp070442y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermally activated decomposition of methane + ethane structure I hydrate was studied with use of 13C magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR as a function of composition and temperature. The observed higher decomposition rate of large sI cages initially filled with ethane gas can be described in terms of a model where a distribution of sI unit cells exists such that a particular unit cell contains zero, one, or two methane molecules in the unit cell; this distribution of unit cells is combined to form the observed equilibrium composition. In this model, unit cells with zero methane molecules are the least stable and decompose more rapidly than those populated with one or two methane molecules leading to the observed overall faster decomposition rate of the large cages containing ethane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Dec
- Center for Hydrate Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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32
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Susilo R, Ripmeester JA, Englezos P. Methane conversion rate into structure H hydrate crystals from ice. AIChE J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Gulluru DB, Devlin JP. Rates and Mechanisms of Conversion of Ice Nanocrystals to Ether Clathrate Hydrates: Guest-Molecule Catalytic Effects at ∼120 K. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:1901-6. [PMID: 16451023 DOI: 10.1021/jp056254u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Fourier transform infrared investigation of the rates and energetics of conversion of ice nanocrystals within 3-D arrays to ether clathrate-hydrate (CH) particles at approximately 120 K is reported. After an induction period, apparently necessitated by relatively slow nucleation of the CH phase, the well-established shrinking-core model of particle-adsorbate reaction applies to these conversions in the presence of an abundance of adsorbed ether. This implies that the transport of the ether adsorbate through the product crust encasing a reacting particle core (a necessary aspect of a particle reaction mechanism) is the rate-controlling factor. Diffusion moves adsorbed reactant molecules to the reaction zone at the interface of the ice core with the product (CH) crust. The results indicate that ether hydrate formation rates near 120 K resemble rates for gas hydrates measured near 260 K, implying rates greater by many orders of magnitude for comparable temperatures. A surprising secondary enhancement of ether CH-formation rates by the simultaneous incorporation of simple small gas molecules (N2, CO2, CH4, CO, and N2O) has also been quantified in this study. The rapid CH formation at low temperatures is conjectured to derive from defect-facilitated transport of reactants to an interfacial reaction zone, with the defect populations enhanced through transient H bonding of guest-ether proton-acceptor groups with O-H groups of the hydrate cage walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj B Gulluru
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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35
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Devlin JP, Sadlej J, Hollman M, Buch V. Solvation Stages of HCl and HBr in Crystalline Phases with Methanol and Small Ethers: Acid−Ether Cluster Complexes in Amorphous and Crystal Phases. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036909w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Paul Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw and National Institute of Public Health, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland, The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 1904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Joanna Sadlej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw and National Institute of Public Health, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland, The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 1904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Maxwell Hollman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw and National Institute of Public Health, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland, The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 1904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
| | - Victoria Buch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw and National Institute of Public Health, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland, The Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 1904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
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36
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Circone S, Stern LA, Kirby SH, Durham WB, Chakoumakos BC, Rawn CJ, Rondinone AJ, Ishii Y. CO2 Hydrate: Synthesis, Composition, Structure, Dissociation Behavior, and a Comparison to Structure I CH4 Hydrate. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027391j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Circone
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laura A. Stern
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Stephen H. Kirby
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - William B. Durham
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bryan C. Chakoumakos
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Claudia J. Rawn
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Adam J. Rondinone
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ishii
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
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