1
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Luo Z, Shehzad A. Advances in Naked Metal Clusters for Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300715. [PMID: 38450926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry, and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of ligand-free naked metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to better understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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He XY, Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Lan X, Li XN, He SG. Size-Dependent Reactivity of Co n- ( n = 5-25) Cluster Anions toward Carbon Dioxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6948-6955. [PMID: 37498356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the reactivity evolution of nanosized clusters at an atomically precise level is pivotal to assemble desired materials with promising candidates. Benefiting from the tandem mass spectrometer coupled with a high-temperature ion-trap reactor, the reactions of mass-selected Con- (n = 5-25) clusters with CO2 were investigated and the increased reactivity of Co20-25- was newly discovered herein. This finding marks an important step to understand property evolution of subnanometer metal clusters (Co25-, ∼0.8 nm) atom-by-atom. The reasons behind the increased reactivity of Co20-25- were proposed by analyzing the reactions of smaller Co6-8- clusters that exhibit significantly different reactivity toward CO2, in which a lower electron affinity of Con contributes to the capture of CO2 while the flexibility of Con- could play vital roles to stabilize reaction intermediates and suppress the barriers of O-CO rupture and CO desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingwang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Liu YZ, He XY, Chen JJ, Zhao ZP, Li XN, He SG. Filtration of the preferred catalyst for reverse water-gas shift among Rh n- ( n = 3-11) clusters by mass spectrometry under variable temperatures. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6668-6676. [PMID: 37114992 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The key to optimizing energy-consuming catalytic conversions lies in acquiring a fundamental understanding of the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms of elementary steps at an atomically precise level, while it is challenging to capture the crucial step that determines the overall temperature of a real-life catalytic reaction. Herein, benefiting from a newly-developed high-temperature ion trap reactor, the reverse water-gas shift (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O) reaction catalyzed by the Rhn- (n = 3-11) clusters was investigated under variable temperatures (298-783 K) and the critical temperature that each elementary step (Rhn- + CO2 and RhnO- + H2) requires to take place was identified. The Rh4- cluster strikingly surpasses other Rhn- clusters to drive the catalysis at a mild starting temperature (∼440 K). This finding represents the first example that a specifically sized cluster catalyst that works under an optimum condition can be accurately filtered by using state-of-the-art mass spectrometric experiments and rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing-Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Pu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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He CC, Hamlow LA, Roy HA, Devereaux ZJ, Hasan MA, Israel E, Cunningham NA, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Rodgers MT. Structural Determination of Lysine-Linked Cisplatin Complexes via IRMPD Action Spectroscopy: NN s and NO - Binding Modes of Lysine to Platinum Coexist. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9246-9260. [PMID: 36326184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite its success as an anticancer drug, cisplatin suffers from resistance and produces side effects. To overcome these limitations, amino-acid-linked cisplatin analogues have been investigated. Lysine-linked cisplatin, Lysplatin, (Lys)PtCl2, exhibited outstanding reactivity toward DNA and RNA that differs from that of cisplatin. To gain insight into its differing reactivity, the structure of Lysplatin is examined here using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy. To probe the influence of the local chemical environment on structure, the deprotonated and sodium-cationized Lysplatin complexes are examined. Electronic structure calculations are performed to explore possible modes of binding of Lys to Pt, their relative stabilities, and to predict their infrared spectra. Comparisons of the measured IRMPD and predicted IR spectra elucidate the structures contributing to the experimental spectra. Coexistence of two modes of binding of Lys to Pt is found where Lys binds via the backbone and side-chain amino nitrogen atoms, NNs, or to the backbone amino and carboxylate oxygen atoms, NO-. Glycine-linked cisplatin and arginine-linked cisplatin complexes have previously been found to bind only via the NO- binding mode. Present results suggest that the NNs binding conformers may be key to the outstanding reactivity of Lysplatin toward DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C He
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - L A Hamlow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H A Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zachary J Devereaux
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M A Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - E Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - N A Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - J Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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5
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M. Anomalously Efficient Dehydrogenation of NH 3 on Ir 4+ and Ir 5. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4451-4455. [PMID: 35786880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of iridium cluster cations, Irn+ (n = 1-8), with ammonia are studied at near-thermal energies. In single collision reactions, dehydrogenation of NH3 proceeds at n = 1-5, and in particular, Ir4+ and Ir5+ are found to be significantly reactive. This size dependence is quite different from those of other platinum group metal cluster cations, where usually only the dimers are able to dehydrogenate NH3. Moreover, the sequentially dehydrogenated products, Ir4,5(NH)m+ (m = 2-5), are chiefly observed under multiple collision conditions. This observation suggests that the NH species on Ir4,5+ possibly encourages, or at least does not prohibit, the adsorption of the coming NH3 molecule and the dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hirabayashi
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichihashi
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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6
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Eckhard JF, Masubuchi T, Tschurl M, Barnett RN, Landman U, Heiz U. Room-Temperature Methane Activation Mediated by Free Tantalum Cluster Cations: Size-by-Size Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5289-5302. [PMID: 34128681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of small cationic tantalum clusters and their gas-phase adsorption and dehydrogenation reaction pathways with methane are investigated with ion-trap experiments and spin-density-functional-theory calculations. Tan+ clusters are exposed to methane under multicollision conditions in a cryogenic ring electrode ion-trap. The cluster size affects the reaction efficiency and the number of consecutively dehydrogenated methane molecules. Small clusters (n = 1-4) dehydrogenate CH4 and concurrently eliminate H2, while larger clusters (n > 4) demonstrate only molecular adsorption of methane. Unique behavior is found for the Ta+ cation, which dehydrogenates consecutively up to four CH4 molecules and is predicted theoretically to promote formation of a [Ta(CH2-CH2-CH2)(CH2)]+ product, exhibiting C-C coupled groups. Underlying mechanisms, including reaction-enhancing couplings between potential energy surfaces of different spin-multiplicities, are uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Eckhard
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert N Barnett
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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McMahon AJ, Jarrold CC. Using anion photoelectron spectroscopy of cluster models to gain insights into mechanisms of catalyst-mediated H 2 production from water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27936-27948. [PMID: 33201956 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide cluster models of catalyst materials offer a powerful platform for probing the molecular-scale features and interactions that govern catalysis. This perspective gives an overview of studies implementing the combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations toward exploring cluster models of metal oxides and metal-oxide supported Pt that catalytically drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the water-gas shift reaction. The utility in the combination of these experimental and computational techniques lies in our ability to unambiguously determine electronic and molecular structures, which can then connect to results of reactivity studies. In particular, we focus on the activity of oxygen vacancies modeled by suboxide clusters, the critical mechanistic step of forming proximal metal hydride and hydroxide groups as a prerequisite for H2 production, and the structural features that lead to trapped dihydroxide groups. The pronounced asymmetric oxidation found in heterometallic group 6 oxides and near-neighbor group 5/group 6 results in higher activity toward water, while group 7/group 6 oxides form very specific stoichiometries that suggest facile regeneration. Studies on the trans-periodic combination of cerium oxide and platinum as a model for ceria supported Pt atoms and nanoparticles reveal striking negative charge accumulation by Pt, which, combined with the ionic conductivity of ceria, suggests a mechanism for the exceptionally high activity of this system towards the water-gas shift reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey J McMahon
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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8
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Hübner O, Himmel H. Oxidative Addition of Dihydrogen to Divanadium in Solid Ne: Multiple‐Bonded Triplet HVVH and Singlet V
2
(μ‐H)
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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9
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Oxidative Addition of Dihydrogen to Divanadium in Solid Ne: Multiple-Bonded Triplet HVVH and Singlet V 2 (μ-H) 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12206-12212. [PMID: 32285587 PMCID: PMC7383563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear compounds of early transition metals with a high metal–metal bond order are of fundamental interest due to their intriguing bonding situation and of practical interest because of their potential involvement in catalytic processes. In this work, two isomers of V2H2 have been generated in solid Ne by the reaction between V2 and H2 and detected by infrared spectroscopy: the linear HVVH molecule (3Σg− ground state), which is the product of the spin‐allowed reaction between V2 (3Σg− ground state) and H2, and a lower‐energy, folded V2(μ‐H)2 isomer (1A1 ground state) with two bridging hydrogen atoms. Both isomers are characterized by metal–metal bonding with a high bond order; the orbital occupations point to quadruple bonding. Irradiation with ultraviolet light induces the transformation of linear HVVH to folded V2(μ‐H)2, whereas irradiation with visible light initiates the reverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M. Activation of Methane by Tungsten Carbide and Nitride Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5274-5279. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hirabayashi
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichihashi
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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11
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Mason JL, Gupta AK, McMahon AJ, Folluo CN, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. The striking influence of oxophilicity differences in heterometallic Mo–Mn oxide cluster reactions with water. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ankur K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Abbey J. McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Carley N. Folluo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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12
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Meizyte G, Green AE, Gentleman AS, Schaller S, Schöllkopf W, Fielicke A, Mackenzie SR. Free electron laser infrared action spectroscopy of nitrous oxide binding to platinum clusters, Ptn(N2O)+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18606-18613. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy has been applied to study Ptn(N2O)+ (n = 1–8) clusters which represent entrance-channel complexes on the reactive potential energy surface for nitrous oxide decomposition on platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meizyte
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Alice E. Green
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Sascha Schaller
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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13
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Ketrat S, Maihom T, Treesukul P, Boekfa B, Limtrakul J. Theoretical study of methane adsorption and C─H bond activation over Fe-embedded graphene: Effect of external electric field. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2819-2826. [PMID: 31471930 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an external electric field (EF) on the methane adsorption and its activation on iron-embedded graphene (Fe-GPs) are investigated by using the M06-L density functional method. The EF is applied in the perpendicular direction to the graphene in the range of -0.015 to +0.015 a.u. with the interval of 0.005 a.u. The effects of EF on the adsorption, transition state and product complexes of the methane activation reaction are revealed. The binding energies of methane on Fe site in Fe-GPs are increased from -12.9 to -15.3, -18.1 and -21.5 kcal/mol for the negative EF of -0.005, -0.010 and -0.015, respectively. By applying positive EF, the activation barriers for methane activation are reduced in range of 3-8 kcal/mol (around 12-31%) and the reaction energies are more exothermic. The positive EF kinetically favors the reaction compared to the system without EF. The adsorption and activation of methane on Fe-GPs can be easily tuned by adjusting the external electric field for various applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombat Ketrat
- School of Information Science and Technology (IST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Thana Maihom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21201, Thailand
| | - Piti Treesukul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Bundet Boekfa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Jumras Limtrakul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21201, Thailand
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14
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Lu SJ, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Structures and bonding properties of CPt 2 -/0 and CPt 2H -/0: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224303. [PMID: 31837696 DOI: 10.1063/1.5130589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a combined anion photoelectron spectroscopic and quantum chemical investigation on the structures and bonding properties of CPt2 -/0 and CPt2H-/0. The experimental vertical detachment energies of CPt2 - and CPt2H- are measured to be 1.91 ± 0.08 and 3.54 ± 0.08 eV, respectively. CPt2 - is identified as a C2v symmetric Pt-C-Pt bent structure, and CPt2 has a D∞h symmetric Pt-C-Pt linear structure. Both anionic and neutral CPt2H adopt a Pt-C-Pt-H chain-shaped structure, in which the ∠PtCPt and ∠CPtH bond angles of CPt2H- are larger than those of CPt2H. The Pt-C bonds in CPt2 -/0 and CPt2H-/0 exhibit covalent double bonding characters. The Pt=C bonds are much stronger than the C-H bond that may explain why the C atom CPt2H-/0 prefers to form Pt=C bonds rather than C-H bonds. It may also explain why platinum can insert into the C-H bond to activate the C-H bond as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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15
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M. Dehydrogenation of Methane by Partially Oxidized Tungsten Cluster Cations: High Reactivity Comparable to That of Platinum Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6840-6847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiko Ichihashi
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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16
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Jäger M, Schäfer R, Johnston RL. GIGA: a versatile genetic algorithm for free and supported clusters and nanoparticles in the presence of ligands. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9042-9052. [PMID: 31025685 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile parallelised genetic algorithm, which is able to perform global optimisation from first principles for pure and mixed free clusters in the gas phase, supported on surfaces or in the presence of one or several atomic or molecular species (ligands or adsorbates). The genetic algorithm is coupled to different quantum chemical software packages in order to permit a large variety of methods for the global optimisation. The genetic algorithm is also capable of optimising different electronic spin multiplicities explicitly, which allows global optimisation on several potential energy hypersurfaces in parallel. We employ the genetic algorithm to study ligand-passivated clusters [Cd3Se3(H2S)3]+ and to investigate adsorption of [Pt6(H2O)2]+ supported on graphene. The explicit consideration of the electronic spin multiplicity during global optimisation is investigated for nanoalloy clusters Pt4V2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jäger
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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17
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Selective Activation of the C−H Bond in Methane by Single Platinum Atomic Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Liu G, Zhu Z, Ciborowski SM, Ariyarathna IR, Miliordos E, Bowen KH. Selective Activation of the C-H Bond in Methane by Single Platinum Atomic Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7773-7777. [PMID: 30968506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of the anionic products of interaction between platinum atomic anions, Pt- , and methane, CH4 and CD4 , in a collision cell shows the preferred generation of [PtCH4 ]- and [PtCD4 ]- complexes and a low tendency toward dehydrogenation. [PtCH4 ]- is shown to be H-Pt-CH3 - by a synergy between anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, implying the rupture of a single C-H bond. The calculated reaction pathway accounts for the observed selective activation of methane by Pt- . This study presents the first example of methane activation by a single atomic anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sandra M Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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19
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Green AE, Justen J, Schöllkopf W, Gentleman AS, Fielicke A, Mackenzie SR. IR Signature of Size-Selective CO2
Activation on Small Platinum Cluster Anions, Pt
n
−
(n
=4-7). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Green
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Jasmin Justen
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg, 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - André Fielicke
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg, 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stuart R. Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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20
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Green AE, Justen J, Schöllkopf W, Gentleman AS, Fielicke A, Mackenzie SR. IR Signature of Size-Selective CO 2 Activation on Small Platinum Cluster Anions, Pt n - (n=4-7). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14822-14826. [PMID: 30207020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy (IR-MPD) has been employed to determine the nature of CO2 binding to size-selected platinum cluster anions, Ptn - (n=4-7). Interpreted in conjunction with density functional theory simulations, the results illustrate that the degree of CO2 activation can be controlled by the size of the metal cluster, with dissociative activation observed on all clusters n≥5. Of potential practical significance, in terms of the use of CO2 as a useful C1 feedstock, CO2 is observed molecularly-bound, but highly activated, on the Pt4 - cluster. It is trapped behind a barrier on the reactive potential energy surface which prevents dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jasmin Justen
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg, 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander S Gentleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - André Fielicke
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg, 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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21
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Ferrari P, Hansen K, Lievens P, Janssens E. Stability of small cationic platinum clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29085-29090. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative stability of small cationic platinum clusters is investigated by photofragmentation experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics
- Tianjin University
- 300072 Tianjin
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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22
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Schwarz H, Shaik S, Li J. Electronic Effects on Room-Temperature, Gas-Phase C-H Bond Activations by Cluster Oxides and Metal Carbides: The Methane Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17201-17212. [PMID: 29112810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses a story of one molecule (methane), a few metal-oxide cationic clusters (MOCCs), dopants, metal-carbide cations, oriented-electric fields (OEFs), and a dizzying mechanistic landscape of methane activation! One mechanism is hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which occurs whenever the MOCC possesses a localized oxyl radical (M-O•). Whenever the radical is delocalized, e.g., in [MgO]n•+ the HAT barrier increases due to the penalty of radical localization. Adding a dopant (Ga2O3) to [MgO]2•+ localizes the radical and HAT transpires. Whenever the radical is located on the metal centers as in [Al2O2]•+ the mechanism crosses over to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), wherein the positive Al center acts as a Lewis acid that coordinates the methane molecule, while one of the bridging oxygen atoms abstracts a proton, and the negatively charged CH3 moiety relocates to the metal fragment. We provide a diagnostic plot of barriers vs reactants' distortion energies, which allows the chemist to distinguish HAT from PCET. Thus, doping of [MgO]2•+ by Al2O3 enables HAT and PCET to compete. Similarly, [ZnO]•+ activates methane by PCET generating many products. Adding a CH3CN ligand to form [(CH3CN)ZnO]•+ leads to a single HAT product. The CH3CN dipole acts as an OEF that switches off PCET. [MC]+ cations (M = Au, Cu) act by different mechanisms, dictated by the M+-C bond covalence. For example, Cu+, which bonds the carbon atom mostly electrostatically, performs coupling of C to methane to yield ethylene, in a single almost barrier-free step, with an unprecedented atomic choreography catalyzed by the OEF of Cu+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, P.R. China
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23
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24
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Mahmoodinia M, Trinh TT, Åstrand PO, Tran KQ. Geometrical flexibility of platinum nanoclusters: impacts on catalytic decomposition of ethylene glycol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28596-28603. [PMID: 29043308 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04485b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic decomposition of ethylene glycol on the Pt13 cluster was studied as a model system for hydrogen production from a lignocellulosic material. Ethylene glycol was chosen as a starting material because of two reasons, it is the smallest oxygenate with a 1 : 1 carbon to oxygen ratio and it contains the C-H, O-H, C-C, and C-O bonds also present in biomass. Density functional theory calculations were employed for predictions of reaction pathways for C-H, O-H, C-C and C-O cleavages, and Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relationships were established between the final state and the transition state for all mechanisms. The results show that Pt13 catalyzes the cleavage reactions of ethylene glycol more favourably than a Pt surface. The flexibility of Pt13 clusters during the reactions is the key factor in reducing the activation barrier. Overall, the results demonstrate that ethylene glycol and thus biomass can be efficiently converted into hydrogen using platinum nanoclusters as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mahmoodinia
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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25
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Yamagishi J, Miyajima K, Kudoh S, Mafuné F. Catalytic Decomposition of NO by Cationic Platinum Oxide Cluster Pt 3O 4. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2143-2147. [PMID: 28445054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic decomposition of NO by cationic platinum oxide cluster Pt3O4+ was investigated by mass spectrometry and thermal desorption spectrometry. Upon reaction with two NO molecules, molecular oxygen desorbed from the cluster at room temperature to form Pt3O4N2+. Then, at temperatures above 400 K, desorption of N2 from Pt3O4N2+ was observed. These processes were confirmed by isotope-labeling experiments, and the energetics of O2 and N2 release were determined by density functional calculations. The combination of these elementary steps resulted in the catalytic decomposition of NO by Pt3O4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamagishi
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ken Miyajima
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kudoh
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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26
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Theoretical study on the H2S activation by PtCH2 + in the gas phase. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Wheeler OW, Salem M, Gao A, Bakker JM, Armentrout PB. Activation of C-H Bonds in Pt(+) + x CH4 Reactions, where x = 1-4: Identification of the Platinum Dimethyl Cation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6216-27. [PMID: 27438025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of C-H bonds in the sequential reactions of Pt(+) + x(CH4/CD4), where x = 1-4, have been investigated using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Pt(+) cations are formed by laser ablation and exposed to controlled amounts of CH4/CD4 leading to [Pt,xC,(4x-2)H/D](+) dehydrogenation products. Irradiation of these products in the 400-2100 cm(-1) range leads to CH4/CD4 loss from the x = 3 and 4 products, whereas PtCH2(+)/PtCD2(+) products do not decompose at all, and x = 2 products dissociate only when formed from a higher order product. The structures of these complexes were explored theoretically at several levels of theory with three different basis sets. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical results indicate that the species formed have a Pt(CH3)2(+)(CH4)x-2/Pt(CD3)2(+)(CD4)x-2 binding motif for x = 2-4. Thus, reaction of Pt(+) with methane occurs by C-H bond activation to form PtCH2(+), which reacts with an additional methane molecule by C-H bond activation to form the platinum dimethyl cation. This proposed reaction mechanism is consistent with theoretical explorations of the potential energy surface for reactions of Pt(+) with one and two methane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michelle Salem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Amanda Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joost M Bakker
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University , Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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28
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Schwarz H, González-Navarrete P, Li J, Schlangen M, Sun X, Weiske T, Zhou S. Unexpected Mechanistic Variants in the Thermal Gas-Phase Activation of Methane. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Low-energy excited states of divanadium: a matrix isolation and MRCI study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14667-77. [PMID: 27182729 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ground and excited electronic states of the vanadium dimer (V2) have been studied using Ne matrix isolation experiments and quantum chemical calculations (multireference configuration interaction based on complete active space self-consistent orbitals). In the near infrared absorption spectrum, two vibrational progressions of a new electronic term with a large number of members have been observed with the origin at 1.08 eV and a fundamental vibrational quantum of 475 cm(-1). With the aid of calculations, it has been assigned to a (3)Πu electronic term. The calculations yield potential energy curves for a large number of singlet, triplet, and quintet electronic terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Bond Activation by Metal-Carbene Complexes in the Gas Phase. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:494-502. [PMID: 26870872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
"Bare" metal-carbene complexes, when generated in the gas phase and exposed to thermal reactions under (near) single-collision conditions, exhibit rather unique reactivities in addition to the well-known metathesis and cyclopropanation processes. For example, at room temperature the unligated [AuCH2](+) complex brings about efficient C-C coupling with methane to produce C2Hx (x = 4, 6), and the couple [TaCH2](+)/CO2 gives rise to the generation of the acetic acid equivalent CH2═C═O. Entirely unprecedented is the thermal extrusion of a carbon atom from halobenzenes (X = F, Cl, Br, I) by [MCH2](+) (M = La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os) and its coupling with the methylene ligand to deliver C2H2 and [M(X)(C5H5)](+). Among the many noteworthy C-N bond-forming processes, the formation of CH3NH2 from [RhCH2](+)/NH3, the generation of CH2═NH2(+) from [MCH2](+)/NH3 (M = Pt, Au), and the production of [PtCH═NH2](+) from [PtCH2](+)/NH3 are of particular interest. The latter species are likely to be involved as intermediates in the platinum-mediated large-scale production of HCN from CH4/NH3 (the DEGUSSA process). In this context, a few examples are presented that point to the operation of co-operative effects even at a molecular level. For instance, in the coupling of CH4 with NH3 by the heteronuclear clusters [MPt](+) (M = coinage metal), platinum is crucial for the activation of methane, while the coinage metal M controls the branching ratio between the C-N bond-forming step and unwanted soot formation. For most of the gas-phase reactions described in this Account, detailed mechanistic insight has been derived from extensive computational work in conjunction with time-honored labeling and advanced mass-spectrometry-based experiments, and often a coherent description of the experimental findings has been achieved. As for some transition metals, in particular those from the third row, the metal-carbene complexes can be formed directly from methane, coupling of the so-generated [MCH2] species with an inert molecule such as CH4, CO2, or NH3 constitutes a route to activate and functionalize methane under ambient conditions. Clearly, while these gas-phase studies cannot be translated directly to formally related processes in solution or those that occur at a surface, they nevertheless provide a conceptual mechanistic understanding and permit researchers to probe directly the remarkable intrinsic features of these elusive molecules and, in a broader context, help to identify the active site of a catalyst, the so-called "aristocratic atoms".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Zhou S, Li J, Wu XN, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Au+
-vermittelte, effiziente Kupplung eines Carbenliganden mit Methan: Bildung von C2
H
x
(x=
4, 6) bei Raumtemperatur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Zhou S, Li J, Wu XN, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Efficient Room-Temperature, Au+
-Mediated Coupling of a Carbene Ligand with Methane To Generate C2
H
x
(x=
4, 6). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:441-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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34
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Huang L, Han B, Xi Y, Forrey RC, Cheng H. Influence of Charge on the Reactivity of Supported Heterogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Bo Han
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongjie Xi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Robert C. Forrey
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610-6009, United States
| | - Hansong Cheng
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
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35
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Schwarz H. How and Why Do Cluster Size, Charge State, and Ligands Affect the Course of Metal-Mediated Gas-Phase Activation of Methane? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Yamamoto H, Miyajima K, Yasuike T, Mafuné F. Reactions of Neutral Platinum Clusters with N2O and CO. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12175-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405707p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Science,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ken Miyajima
- Department of Basic Science,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuike
- Department of Basic Science,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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37
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Kerpal C, Harding DJ, Rayner DM, Fielicke A. Small Platinum Cluster Hydrides in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8230-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405120u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kerpal
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan J. Harding
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - David M. Rayner
- National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A
OR6
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik
und
Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Ju TY, Yang HQ, Li FM, Li XY, Hu CW. Reaction mechanism on the activation of ethane C–H and C–C bonds by a diplatinum cluster. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Xiao Y, Chen XY, Qiu YX, Wang SG. Spin-flip reactions of Zr + C2H6 researched by relativistic density functional theory. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4003-12. [PMID: 23851999 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) with relativistic corrections of zero-order regular approximation (ZORA) has been applied to explore the reaction mechanisms of ethane dehydrogenation by Zr atom with triplet and singlet spin-states. Among the complicated minimum energy reaction path, the available states involves three transition states (TS), and four stationary states (1) to (4) and one intersystem crossing with spin-flip (marked by -->): (3) Zr + C 2 H 6 → (3) Zr-CH 3 -CH 3 ((3)1) → (3)TS 1/2 → (3) ZrH-CH 2 -CH 3 ((3)2) → (3) TS 2/3 --> (1) ZrH2-CH2 = CH2 ((1) 3) → (1) TS 3/4 → (1) ZrH 3 -CH = CH 2 ((1)4). The minimum energy crossing point is determined with the help of the DFT fractional-occupation-number (FON) approach. The spin inversion leads the reaction pathway transferring from the triplet potential energy surface (PES) to the singlet's accompanying with the activation of the second C-H bond. The overall reaction is calculated to be exothermic by about 231 kJ mol(-1). Frequency and NBO analysis are also applied to confirm with the experimental observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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40
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Liu YY, Geng ZY, Wang YC, Liu JL, Hou XF. DFT studies for activation of C–H bond in methane by gas-phase (n=1−3). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Lang SM, Fleischer I, Bernhardt TM, Barnett RN, Landman U. Pd6O4+: An Oxidation Resistant yet Highly Catalytically Active Nano-oxide Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20654-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308189w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samdra M. Lang
- Institute of Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Irene Fleischer
- Institute of Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten M. Bernhardt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert N. Barnett
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430,
United States
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430,
United States
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42
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Perera M, Metz RB, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Studies of PtCH2and H-Pt-CH3: A Potential Energy Surface for the Pt+CH4Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:888-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Perera M, Metz RB, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Studies of PtCH2and H-Pt-CH3: A Potential Energy Surface for the Pt+CH4Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Effects of Ligands, Cluster Size, and Charge State in Gas-Phase Catalysis: A Happy Marriage of Experimental and Computational Studies. Catal Letters 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-012-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Harding DJ, Kerpal C, Rayner DM, Fielicke A. Communication: The structures of small cationic gas-phase platinum clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:211103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4726403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Wannakao S, Warakulwit C, Kongpatpanich K, Probst M, Limtrakul J. Methane Activation in Gold Cation-Exchanged Zeolites: A DFT Study. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200653q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sippakorn Wannakao
- National Center of Excellence
for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies
in Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Chemical, Food and Agricultural
Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok
10900, Thailand
- NANOTEC Center
of Excellence,
National Nanotechnology Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Nanotechnology, Kasetsart
University Research Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chompunuch Warakulwit
- National Center of Excellence
for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies
in Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Chemical, Food and Agricultural
Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok
10900, Thailand
- NANOTEC Center
of Excellence,
National Nanotechnology Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Nanotechnology, Kasetsart
University Research Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Kongpatpanich
- National Center of Excellence
for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies
in Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Chemical, Food and Agricultural
Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok
10900, Thailand
- NANOTEC Center
of Excellence,
National Nanotechnology Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Nanotechnology, Kasetsart
University Research Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Michael Probst
- Institute of Ion Physics and
Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jumras Limtrakul
- National Center of Excellence
for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies
in Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Chemical, Food and Agricultural
Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok
10900, Thailand
- NANOTEC Center
of Excellence,
National Nanotechnology Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Nanotechnology, Kasetsart
University Research Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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47
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M, Kondow T. Reactions of copper cluster cations with nitrous oxide: Oxidation and sequential N2O adsorption. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Harding DJ, Kerpal C, Meijer G, Fielicke A. Aktiviertes Methan auf kleinen Platinclusterkationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Harding DJ, Kerpal C, Meijer G, Fielicke A. Activated Methane on Small Cationic Platinum Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:817-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Kretschmer R, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Mechanistic Aspects and Elementary Steps of NH Bond Activation of Ammonia and CN Coupling Induced by Gas-Phase Ions: A Combined Experimental/Computational Exercise. Chemistry 2011; 18:40-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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