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Bowman MC, Burke AD, Turney JM, Schaefer III HF. Conclusive determination of ethynyl radical hydrogen abstraction energetics and kinetics*. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1769214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Bowman
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Taylor University, Upland, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra D. Burke
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Bourgalais J, Caster KL, Durif O, Osborn DL, Le Picard SD, Goulay F. Product Detection of the CH Radical Reactions with Ammonia and Methyl-Substituted Amines. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2178-2193. [PMID: 30803230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the methylidyne (CH) radical with ammonia (NH3), methylamine (CH3NH2), dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH), and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N) have been investigated under multiple collision conditions at 373 K and 4 Torr. The reaction products are detected by using soft photoionization coupled to orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron. Kinetic traces are employed to discriminate between CH reaction products and products from secondary or slower reactions. Branching ratios for isomers produced at a given mass and formed by a single reaction are obtained by fitting the observed photoionization spectra to linear combinations of pure compound spectra. The reaction of the CH radical with ammonia is found to form mainly imine, HN═CH2, in line with an addition-elimination mechanism. The singly methyl-substituted imine is detected for the CH reactions with methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine. Dimethylimine isomers are formed by the reaction of CH with dimethylamine, while trimethylimine is formed by the CH reaction with trimethylamine. Overall, the temporal profiles of the products are not consistent with the formation of aminocarbene products in the reaction flow tube. In the case of the reactions with methylamine and dimethylamine, product formation is assigned to an addition-elimination mechanism similar to that proposed for the CH reaction with ammonia. However, this mechanism cannot explain the products detected by the reaction with trimethylamine. A C-H insertion pathway may become more probable as the number of methyl groups increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bourgalais
- LATMOS/IPSL , UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay , Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 78280 Guyancourt , France
| | - Kacee L Caster
- Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Olivier Durif
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire , Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055 , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94551 , United States
| | - Sebastien D Le Picard
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire , Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spanien
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer Frankreich
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Uniform Supersonic Chemical Reactors: 30 Years of Astrochemical History and Future Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8618-8640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Germany
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer France
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Feng W, Hershberger JF. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Product Channels of the C2H + NO Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3585-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401354x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department 2735, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo,
North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - John F. Hershberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department 2735, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo,
North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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Nguyen VS, Elsamra RMI, Peeters J, Carl SA, Nguyen MT. Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of the ethynyl radical with nitrous oxide, C2H + N2O. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7456-70. [PMID: 22517118 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Laboratory studies of photochemistry and gas phase radical reaction kinetics relevant to planetary atmospheres. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6318-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matsugi A, Suma K, Miyoshi A. Deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the gas-phase reactions of C2H with H2(D2) and CH4(CD4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4022-31. [PMID: 21240398 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics of the ethynyl (C(2)H) radical reactions with H(2), D(2), CH(4) and CD(4) was studied over the temperature range of 295-396 K by a pulsed laser photolysis/chemiluminescence technique. The C(2)H radicals were generated by ArF excimer-laser photolysis of C(2)H(2) or CF(3)C(2)H and were monitored by the chemiluminescence of CH(A(2)Δ) produced by their reaction with O(2) or O((3)P). The measured absolute rate constants for H(2) and CH(4) agreed well with the available literature data. The primary kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were determined to be k(H(2))/k(D(2)) = 2.48 ± 0.14 and k(CH(4))/k(CD(4)) = 2.45 ± 0.16 at room temperature. Both of the KIEs increased as the temperature was lowered. The KIEs were analyzed by using the variational transition state theory with semiclassical small-curvature tunneling corrections. With anharmonic corrections on the loose transitional vibrational modes of the transition states, the theoretical predictions satisfactorily reproduced the experimental KIEs for both C(2)H + H(2)(D(2)) and C(2)H + CH(4)(CD(4)) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsugi
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Berteloite C, Le Picard SD, Balucani N, Canosa A, Sims IR. Low temperature rate coefficients for reactions of the butadiynyl radical, C4H, with various hydrocarbons. Part I: reactions with alkanes (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3666-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b907154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Costes M, Naulin C. Integral and differential cross sections of reactions relevant to astrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9154-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c003656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Berteloite C, Le Picard SD, Balucani N, Canosa A, Sims IR. Low temperature rate coefficients for reactions of the butadiynyl radical, C4H, with various hydrocarbons. Part II: reactions with alkenes (ethylene, propene, 1-butene), dienes (allene, 1,3-butadiene) and alkynes (acetylene, propyne and 1-butyne). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3677-89. [DOI: 10.1039/b923867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang F, Kim S, Kaiser RI. A crossed molecular beams study of the reaction of the ethynyl radical (C2H(X2Sigma+)) with allene (H2CCCH2(X1A1)). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4707-14. [PMID: 19492123 DOI: 10.1039/b822366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The crossed beams reaction of ground state ethynyl radicals, C(2)H(X(2)Sigma(+)), with allene, H(2)CCCH(2)(X(1)A(1)), was conducted under single collision conditions at a collision energy of 22.0 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1). The center-of-mass functions were combined with earlier ab initio calculations and revealed that the reaction was barrier-less, proceeded via indirect reaction dynamics through an addition of the ethynyl radical to the terminal carbon atom of the allene molecule, and was terminated by atomic hydrogen emission via a tight exit transition state to form the ethynylallene product. The overall reaction was found to be exoergic by 93 +/- 15 kJ mol(-1). Since the reaction is barrier-less, exoergic, and all transition states involved are located below the energy level of the separated reactants, the formation of ethynylallene is predicted to take place in low temperature atmospheres of planets and their satellites such as Titan and also in cold molecular clouds via the neutral-neutral reaction of ethynyl radicals with allene. Implications to interstellar chemistry and a comparison with the chemistry of the isoelectronic cyano radical, CN(X(2)Sigma(+)), are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Canosa A. Gas phase reaction kinetics at very low temperatures: recent advances on carbon chemistry using the CRESU technique. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carl SA, Vereecken L, Peeters J. Kinetic parameters for gas-phase reactions: experimental and theoretical challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4071-84. [PMID: 17687459 DOI: 10.1039/b705505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to illustrate the added value provided to experimental kinetics investigations by complementary theoretical kinetics studies, using as examples (i) reactions of two major hydrocarbon flame radicals, HCCO and C(2)H, and (ii) reactions of several oxygenated organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals of interest to atmospheric chemistry. The first part, on HCCO and C(2)H kinetics, does not attempt to give an extensive literature review, but rather addresses some major experimental techniques, mainly specific ones, that have allowed a great part of the available reactivity databases on these two species to be established. For several key reactions, it is shown how potential energy surfaces and statistical rate predictions based thereon have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms and have allowed estimates of product distributions as well as reliable extrapolations of experimental rate coefficients and branching ratios to higher temperatures. The second part addresses current issues in atmospheric chemistry relating mainly to hydroxyl radical reactions with oxygenated organics, and focuses on the experimental characterization of the often unusual temperature dependence of their rate coefficients and on the theoretical rationalization thereof, through the formation of hydrogen-bonded pre-reactive complexes and resulting tunnelling-enhanced H-abstraction. Finally, the development of general structure-activity relationships for OH reactions with organics, H-abstractions as well as OH-additions for unsaturated compounds, is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Carl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
The title unknown reaction is theoretically studied at various levels to probe the interaction mechanism between the ethynyl radical (HC triple bond C) and formaldehyde (H(2)C double bond O). The most feasible pathway is a barrier-free direct H-abstraction process leading to acetylene and formyl radical (C(2)H(2)+HCO) via a weakly bound complex, and then the product can take secondary dissociation to the final product C(2)H(2)+CO+H. The C-addition channel leading to propynal plus H-atom (HCCCHO+H) has the barrier of only 3.6, 2.9, and 2.1 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p)MP2//6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE, CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p)//QCISD/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE, and G3//MP2 levels, respectively [CCSD(T)--coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitations; ZPVE--zero-point vibrational energy; QCISD--quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations; G3//MP2-Gaussian-3 based on Moller-Plesset geometry]. The O addition also leading to propynal plus H atom needs to overcome a higher barrier of 5.3, 8.7, and 3.0 kcalmol at the three corresponding levels. The title no-barrier reaction presents a new efficient route to remove the pollutant H(2)CO, and should be included in the combustion models of hydrocarbons. It may also represent the fastest radical-H(2)CO reaction among the available theoretical data. Moreover, it could play an important role in the interstellar chemistry where the zero- or minute-barrier reactions are generally favored. Discussions are also made on the possible formation of the intriguing propynal in space via the title reaction on ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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Smith IWM. Reactions at Very Low Temperatures: Gas Kinetics at a New Frontier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2842-61. [PMID: 16628767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in experimental techniques, especially the development of the CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) method, allow many gas-phase molecular processes to be studied at very low temperatures. This Review focuses on the reactions of molecular and atomic radicals with neutral molecules. Rate constants for almost 50 such reactions have been measured at temperatures as low as 13 K by using the CRESU method. The surprising demonstration that so many reactions between electrically neutral species can be extremely rapid at these very low temperatures has excited interest both from theoreticians and from those seeking to understand the chemistry that gives rise to the 135 or so molecules that are present in low-temperature molecular clouds in the interstellar medium. Theoretical treatments of these reactions are based on the idea that a reaction occurs when the long-range potential between the reagent species brings them into close contact. The astrochemical context, theoretical studies, and the determination of the rate constants of these low-temperature reactions are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
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Smith IWM. Reaktionen bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen: Gaskinetik in einem neuen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Quantum chemical study of hydrogen abstraction reactions of the ethynyl radical with hydrogen compounds (C2H+HX). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Daugey N, Caubet P, Retail B, Costes M, Bergeat A, Dorthe G. Kinetic measurements on methylidyne radical reactions with several hydrocarbons at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2921-7. [PMID: 16189612 DOI: 10.1039/b506096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature dependences of the methylidyne radical reactions with methane, allene, methylacetylene and propene were studied. This work was carried out in a supersonic flow reactor coupled with pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques. Three Laval nozzles were designed to provide uniform supersonic expansions of nitrogen at Mach 2 and of argon at Mach 2 and 3 to reach low temperatures, e.g. 170, 128 and 77 K, respectively. CH radicals were produced by PLP of CHBr3 at 266 nm and probed by LIF. The exponential decays of the CH fluorescence were acquired, hydrocarbons being introduced in excess. The rate constants for the CH+CH4 reaction are in good agreement with the temperature dependence proposed by Canosa et al. (A. Canosa, I. R. Sims, D. Travers, I. W. M. Smith and B. R. Rowe, Astron. Astrophys., 1997, 323, 644-651, ) i.e. 3.96x10(-8)(T/K)(-1.04) exp(-36.1 K/T) in the range 23-298 K. The rate constants of the CH+C3H4(allene), CH+C3H4(methylacetylene) and CH+C3H6(propene) reactions exhibit a small temperature dependence between 77 and 170 K, with a maximum rate around 100 K close to (4.3-4.6)x10(-10) cm3 molecule-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Daugey
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR5803, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France
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Mullen C, Smith MA. Temperature Dependence and Kinetic Isotope Effects for the OH + HBr Reaction and H/D Isotopic Variants at Low Temperatures (53−135 K) Measured Using a Pulsed Supersonic Laval Nozzle Flow Reactor. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3893-902. [PMID: 16833707 DOI: 10.1021/jp045540n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of OH + HBr and all isotopic variants have been measured in a pulsed supersonic Laval nozzle flow reactor between 53 and 135 K, using a pulsed DC discharge to create the radical species and laser induced fluorescence on the A 2sigma <-- X 2pi (v' = 1 <-- v'' = 0) transition. All reactions are found to possess an inverse temperature dependence, in accord with previous work, and are fit to the form k = A(T/298)(-n), with k1 (OH + HBr) = (10.84 +/- 0.31) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-0.67+/-0.02) cm3/s, k2 (OD + HBr) = (6.43 +/- 2.60) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-1.19+/-0.26) cm3/s, k3 (OH + DBr) = (5.89 +/- 1.93) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-0.76+/-0.22) cm3/s, and k4 (OD + DBr) = (4.71 +/- 1.56) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-1.09+/-0.21) cm3/s. A global fit of k vs T over the temperature range 23-360 K, including the new OH + HBr data, yields kT = (1.06 +/- 0.02) x 10(-11) (T/298)(-0.90+/-0.11) cm3/s, and (0.96 +/- 0.02) x 10(-11) (T/298)(-0.90+/-0.03) exp((-2.88+/-1.82 K)/T) cm3/s, in accord with previous fits. In addition, the primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects are found to be independent of temperature within experimental error over the range investigated and take on the value of (kH/kD)(AVG) = 1.64 for the primary effect and (kH/kD)(AVG) = 0.87 for the secondary effect. These results are discussed within the context of current experimental and theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Dr., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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