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Nguyen LT, Hoang GHL, Tran UNP, Mai TVT, Nguyen HD, Huynh LK. Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into OH-Initiated Atmospheric Oxidation of Hymexazol: A Computational Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15138-15152. [PMID: 37782022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hymexazol is a volatile fungicide widely used in agriculture, causing its abundance in the atmosphere; thus, its atmospheric fate and conversion are of great importance when assessing its environmental impacts. Herein, we report a theoretical kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of hymexazol by OH radicals, as well as the subsequent reactions of its main products with O2 and then with NO by using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus-based Master equation kinetic model on the potential energy surface explored at the ROCBS-QB3//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The predicted total rate constants ktotal(T, P) for the reaction between hymexazol and OH radicals show excellent agreement with scarcely available experimental values (e.g., 3.6 × 10-12 vs (4.4 ± 0.8) × 10-12 cm3/molecule/s at T = 300 K and P = 760 Torr); thus, the calculated kinetic parameters can be confidently used for modeling/simulation of N-heterocycle-related applications under atmospheric and even combustion conditions. The model shows that 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl (IM2), 3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-4-yl (IM3), and (3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl (P8) are the main primary intermediates, which form the main secondary species of (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)dioxidanyl (IM4), (3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)dioxidanyl (IM7), and ([(3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]dioxidanyl (IM11), respectively, through the reactions with O2. The main secondary species then can react with NO to form the main tertiary species, namely, (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)oxidanyl (P19), (3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)oxidanyl (P21), and [(3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]oxidanyl (P23), respectively, together with NO2. Besides, hymexazol could be a persistent organic pollutant in the troposphere due to its calculated half-life τ1/2 of 13.7-68.1 h, depending on the altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc T Nguyen
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Huy L Hoang
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Uyen N-P Tran
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tam V-T Mai
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Molecular Science and Nano-Materials Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huy D Nguyen
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Mertens LA, Winiberg FAF, Allen HM, Sander SP, Okumura M. Yields of HONO 2 and HOONO Products from the Reaction of HO 2 and NO Using Pulsed Laser Photolysis and Mid-Infrared Cavity-Ringdown Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7342-7360. [PMID: 36197134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of HO2 with NO is one of the most important steps in radical cycling throughout the stratosphere and troposphere. Previous literature experimental work revealed a small yield of nitric acid (HONO2) directly from HO2 + NO. Atmospheric models previously treated HO2 + NO as radical recycling, but inclusion of this terminating step had large effects on atmospheric oxidative capacity and the concentrations of HONO2 and ozone (O3), among others. Here, the yield of HONO2, φHONO2, from the reaction of HO2 + NO was investigated in a flow tube reactor using mid-IR pulsed-cavity ringdown spectroscopy. HO2, produced by pulsed laser photolysis of Cl2 in the presence of methanol, reacted with NO in a buffer gas mixture of N2 and CO between 300 and 700 Torr at 278 and 300 K. HONO2 and its weakly bound isomer HOONO were directly detected by their v1 absorption bands in the mid-IR region. CO was used to suppress HONO2 produced from OH + NO2 and exploit a chemical amplification scheme, converting OH back to HO2. Under the experimental conditions described here, no evidence for the formation of either HONO2 or HOONO was observed from HO2 + NO. Using a comprehensive chemical model, constrained by observed secondary reaction products, all HONO2 detected in the system could be accounted for by OH + NO2. At 700 ± 14 Torr and 300 ± 3 K, φHONO2 = 0.00 ± 0.11% (2σ) with an upper limit of 0.11%. If all of the observed HONO2 was attributed to the HO2 + NO reaction, φHONO2 = 0.13 ± 0.07% with an upper limit of 0.20%. At 278 ± 2 K and 718 ± 14 Torr, we determine an upper limit, φHONO2 ≤ 0.37%. Our measurements are significantly lower than those previously reported, lying outside of the uncertainty of the current experimental and recommended literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Mertens
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Frank A F Winiberg
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91109, United States
| | - Hannah M Allen
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Stanley P Sander
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91109, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
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Zhang J, Peng J, Hu D, Lan Z. Investigation of nonadiabatic dynamics in the photolysis of methyl nitrate (CH 3ONO 2) by on-the-fly surface hopping simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25597-25611. [PMID: 34546246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis mechanism of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) was studied using the on-the-fly surface hopping dynamics at the XMS-CASPT2 level. Several critical geometries, including electronic state minima and conical intersections, were obtained, which play essential roles in the nonadiabatic dynamics of CH3ONO2. The ultrafast nonadiabatic decay dynamics to the ground state were simulated, which gives a proper explanation on the broad and structureless absorption spectra of CH3ONO2. The photodissociation channels, including CH3O + NO2, CH3O + NO + O, and others, as well as their branching ratios, were identified. When the dynamics starts from the lowest two electronic states (S1 and S2), the CH3O + NO2 channel is the dominant photolysis pathway, although we observed the minor contributions of other channels. In contrast, when the trajectories start from the third excited state S3, both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels become important. Here the CH3O-NO2 bond dissociation takes place first, and then for some trajectories, the N-O bond of the NO2 part breaks successively. The quasi-degeneracy of electronic states may exist in the dissociation limits of both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels. The current work provides valuable information in the understanding of experimental findings of the wavelength-dependent photolysis mechanism of CH3ONO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Monte Carlo stochastic simulation of the master equation for unimolecular reaction systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64207-3.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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5
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Wennberg PO, Bates KH, Crounse JD, Dodson LG, McVay RC, Mertens LA, Nguyen TB, Praske E, Schwantes RH, Smarte MD, St Clair JM, Teng AP, Zhang X, Seinfeld JH. Gas-Phase Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products. Chem Rev 2018. [PMID: 29522327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene carries approximately half of the flux of non-methane volatile organic carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the biosphere. Accurate representation of its oxidation rate and products is essential for quantifying its influence on the abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrogen oxide free radicals (NO x), ozone (O3), and, via the formation of highly oxygenated compounds, aerosol. We present a review of recent laboratory and theoretical studies of the oxidation pathways of isoprene initiated by addition of OH, O3, the nitrate radical (NO3), and the chlorine atom. From this review, a recommendation for a nearly complete gas-phase oxidation mechanism of isoprene and its major products is developed. The mechanism is compiled with the aims of providing an accurate representation of the flow of carbon while allowing quantification of the impact of isoprene emissions on HO x and NO x free radical concentrations and of the yields of products known to be involved in condensed-phase processes. Finally, a simplified (reduced) mechanism is developed for use in chemical transport models that retains the essential chemistry required to accurately simulate isoprene oxidation under conditions where it occurs in the atmosphere-above forested regions remote from large NO x emissions.
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Piletic IR, Edney EO, Bartolotti LJ. Barrierless Reactions with Loose Transition States Govern the Yields and Lifetimes of Organic Nitrates Derived from Isoprene. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8306-8321. [PMID: 28976756 PMCID: PMC6061928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reaction mechanism of NO addition to two β and δ isoprene hydroxy-peroxy radical isomers is examined in detail using density functional theory, coupled cluster methods, and the energy resolved master equation formalism to provide estimates of rate constants and organic nitrate yields. At the M06-2x/aug-cc-pVTZ level, the potential energy surfaces of NO reacting with β-(1,2)-HO-IsopOO• and δ-Z-(1,4)-HO-IsopOO• possess barrierless reactions that produce alkoxy radicals/NO2 and organic nitrates. The nudged elastic band method was used to discover a loosely bound van der Waals (vdW) complex between NO2 and the alkoxy radical that is present in both exit reaction channels. Semiempirical master equation calculations show that the β organic nitrate yield is 8.5 ± 3.7%. Additionally, a relatively low barrier to C-C bond scission was discovered in the β-vdW complex that leads to direct HONO formation in the gas phase with a yield of 3.1 ± 1.3%. The δ isomer produces a looser vdW complex with a smaller dissociation barrier and a larger isomerization barrier, giving a 2.4 ± 0.8% organic nitrate yield that is relatively pressure and temperature insensitive. By considering all of these pathways, the first-generation NOx recycling efficiency from isoprene organic nitrates is estimated to be 21% and is expected to increase with decreasing NOx concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R. Piletic
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Edward O. Edney
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Nguyen HT, Mai TVT, Huynh LK. Detailed kinetic mechanism for CH 3 OO + NO reaction – An ab initio study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Launder AM, Agarwal J, Schaefer HF. Exploring mechanisms of a tropospheric archetype: CH3O2 + NO. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:234302. [PMID: 26696057 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylperoxy radical (CH3O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contribute to the propagation of photochemical smog in the troposphere via the production of methoxy radical (CH3O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This reaction system also furnishes trace quantities of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2), a sink for reactive NOx species. Here, the CH3O2 + NO reaction is examined with highly reliable coupled-cluster methods. Specifically, equilibrium geometries for the reactants, products, intermediates, and transition states of the ground-state potential energy surface are characterized. Relative reaction enthalpies at 0 K (ΔH0K) are reported; these values are comprised of electronic energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit of CCSDT(Q) and zero-point vibrational energies computed at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ. A two-part mechanism involving CH3O and NO2 production followed by radical recombination to CH3ONO2 is determined to be the primary channel for formation of CH3ONO2 under tropospheric conditions. Constrained optimizations of the reaction paths at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ suggest that the homolytic bond dissociations involved in this reaction path are barrierless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Launder
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Jay Agarwal
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Butkovskaya NI, Kukui A, Le Bras G, Rayez MT, Rayez JC. Pressure dependence of butyl nitrate formation in the reaction of butylperoxy radicals with nitrogen oxide. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4408-17. [PMID: 25380343 DOI: 10.1021/jp509427x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The yield of 1- and 2-butyl nitrates in the gas-phase reactions of NO with n-C4H9O2 and sec-C4H9O2, obtained from the reaction of F atoms with n-butane in the presence of O2, was determined over the pressure range of 100-600 Torr at 298 K using a high-pressure turbulent flow reactor coupled with a chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer. The yield of butyl nitrates was found to increase linearly with pressure from about 3% at 100 Torr to about 8% at 600 Torr. The results obtained are compared with the available data concerning nitrate formation from NO reaction with other small alkylperoxy radicals. These results are also discussed through the topology of the lowest potential energy surface mainly obtained from DFT(B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ) calculations of the RO2 + NO reaction paths. The formation of alkyl nitrates, due essentially to collision processes, is analyzed through a model that points out the pertinent physical parameters of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Butkovskaya
- †Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - A Kukui
- ‡Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS-INSU, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - G Le Bras
- †Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - M-T Rayez
- §Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS/UMR5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - J-C Rayez
- §Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS/UMR5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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CHAI JIAJUE, DIBBLE THEODORES. Pressure Dependence and Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Absolute Rate Constant for Methoxy Radical Reacting with NO2. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JIAJUE CHAI
- Department of Chemistry; State University of New York; College of Environmental Science and Forestry; Syracuse NY 13210
| | - THEODORE S. DIBBLE
- Department of Chemistry; State University of New York; College of Environmental Science and Forestry; Syracuse NY 13210
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11
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Lesar A. Mechanistic study on the reaction of the CH2ClO2 radical with NO. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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WENG YANA, YAN XIAOJUAN, LI SHUJIN. THEORETICAL STUDY OF MECHANISM FOR THE ATMOSPHERIC REACTION CF3CHFO2 + NO. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the reaction CF3CHFO2 + NO was investigated using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT). The optimized geometries for all stationary points on the reaction energy surface were calculated using MP2 and B3LYP methods with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. Single-point energy calculations were performed using the coupled cluster method with single, double and perturbative triple configurations, CCSD(T). The most important energy minima on the potential energy surface (PES) were found corresponding to two conformers of the peroxynitrite association adducts, cis- CF3CHFOONO and trans- CF3CHFOONO , and the nitrate, CF3CHFONO2 . The radical pairs ( CF3CHFO + NO2 ) and the nitrate are formed through the breaking of the peroxy bond of trans- CF3CHFOONO and the rearrangement of cis- CF3CHFOONO , respectively. The nitrate can be decomposed to carbonylated species ( CF3CHO or CF3CFO ), nitryl fluoride (NO2F), nitrous acid (HONO), and radical pairs ( CF3CHFO + NO2 ), which are of potential atmospheric importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- YA-NA WENG
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 215123, P. R. China
| | - XIAO-JUAN YAN
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 215123, P. R. China
| | - SHU-JIN LI
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 215123, P. R. China
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Butkovskaya N, Kukui A, Le Bras G. Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Methyl Nitrate Formation in the CH3O2 + NO Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5972-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Butkovskaya
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS
1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2,
France
| | - Alexandre Kukui
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS
1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2,
France
| | - Georges Le Bras
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS
1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2,
France
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Kirk BB, Harman DG, Kenttämaa HI, Trevitt AJ, Blanksby SJ. Isolation and characterization of charge-tagged phenylperoxyl radicals in the gas phase: direct evidence for products and pathways in low temperature benzene oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Crounse JD, Paulot F, Kjaergaard HG, Wennberg PO. Peroxy radical isomerization in the oxidation of isoprene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13607-13. [PMID: 21701740 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report experimental evidence for the formation of C(5)-hydroperoxyaldehydes (HPALDs) from 1,6-H-shift isomerizations in peroxy radicals formed from the hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene). At 295 K, the isomerization rate of isoprene peroxy radicals (ISO2•) relative to the rate of reaction of ISO2• + HO2 is k(isom)(295)/(k(ISO2•+HO2)(295)) = (1.2 ± 0.6) x 10(8) mol cm(-3), or k(isom)(295) ≃ 0.002 s(-1). The temperature dependence of this rate was determined through experiments conducted at 295, 310 and 318 K and is well described by k(isom)(T)/(k(ISO2•+HO2)(T)) = 2.0 x 10(21) exp(-9000/T) mol cm(-3). The overall uncertainty in the isomerization rate (relative to k(ISO2•+HO2)) is estimated to be 50%. Peroxy radicals from the oxidation of the fully deuterated isoprene analog isomerize at a rate ∼15 times slower than non-deuterated isoprene. The fraction of isoprene peroxy radicals reacting by 1,6-H-shift isomerization is estimated to be 8-11% globally, with values up to 20% in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Crounse
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Butkovskaya N, Kukui A, Le Bras G. Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Ethyl Nitrate Formation in the C2H5O2 + NO Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:956-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Butkovskaya
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS, 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Alexandre Kukui
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS, 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Georges Le Bras
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS-INSIS, 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Butkovskaya N, Rayez MT, Rayez JC, Kukui A, Le Bras G. Water Vapor Effect on the HNO3 Yield in the HO2 + NO Reaction: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11327-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811428p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Butkovskaya
- CNRS, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France, Université Bordeaux1/CNRS- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM-UMR5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and CNRS Service Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Rayez
- CNRS, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France, Université Bordeaux1/CNRS- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM-UMR5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and CNRS Service Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
| | - Jean-Claude Rayez
- CNRS, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France, Université Bordeaux1/CNRS- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM-UMR5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and CNRS Service Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
| | - Alexandre Kukui
- CNRS, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France, Université Bordeaux1/CNRS- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM-UMR5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and CNRS Service Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
| | - Georges Le Bras
- CNRS, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France, Université Bordeaux1/CNRS- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM-UMR5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and CNRS Service Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
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19
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Kosmas AM, Salta Z, Lesar A. Effect of halogenation on the mechanism of the atmospheric reactions between methylperoxy radicals and NO. A computational study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3545-54. [PMID: 19301893 DOI: 10.1021/jp808895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the reactions between the halogenated methylperoxy radicals, CHX(2)O(2) (X = F, Cl), and NO is investigated by using ab initio and density functional quantum mechanical methods. Comparison is made with the mechanism of the CH(3)O(2) + NO reaction. The most important energy minima in the potential energy surface are found to be the two conformers of the halogenated methyl peroxynitrite association adducts, CHX(2)OONOcp and CHX(2)OONOtp, and the halogenated methyl nitrates, CHX(2)ONO(2). The latter are suggested to be formed through the one-step isomerization of the peroxynitrite adduct and may lead upon decomposition to carbonylated species, CX(2)O + HONO and CHXO + XNO(2). The ambiguous issue of the unimolecular peroxynitrite to nitrate isomerization is reconsidered, and the possibility of a triplet transition state involvement in the ROONOtp <--> RONO(2) rearrangement is examined. The overall calculations and the detailed correlation with the methyl system show the significant effect of the halogenation on the lowering of the entrance potential energy well which corresponds to the formation of the peroxynitrites. The increased attractive character of the potential energy surface found upon halogenation combined with the increased exothermicity of the CHX(2)O(2) + NO --> CHX(2)O + NO(2) reaction are suggested to be the important factors contributing to the enhanced reactivity of the halogenated reactions relative to CH(3)O(2) + NO. The calculated heat of formation values indicate the large stabilization of the fluorinated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnie M Kosmas
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Greece 45110
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20
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Kosmas AM, Lesar A. Computational study of the perhalogenated methyl nitrates CX3ONO2, CXxY3−xONO2(X, Y = F, Cl). Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802077843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Walsh R, Golden DM. Evaluation of Data for Atmospheric Models: Master Equation/RRKM Calculations on the Combination Reaction, BrO + NO2 → BrONO2, a Conundrum. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3891-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Golden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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22
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Stimac PJ, Barker JR. Non-RRKM Dynamics in the CH3O2 + NO Reaction System. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2553-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710016n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Stimac
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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23
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Lesar A, Salta Z, Kovačič S, Kosmas AM. Theoretical characterization of halogenated methylperoxy nitrites CX Y3−OONO (X, Y = H, F, Cl). Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Lesar A, Hodoscek M, Drougas E, Kosmas AM. Quantum mechanical investigation of the atmospheric reaction CH3O2 + NO. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:7898-903. [PMID: 16789778 DOI: 10.1021/jp0614244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The important stationary points on the potential energy surface of the reaction CH(3)O(2) + NO have been investigated using ab initio and density functional theory techniques. The optimizations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory while the energetics have been refined using the G2MP2, G3//B3LYP, and CCSD(T) methodologies. The calculations allow the proper characterization of the transition state barriers that determine the fate of the nascent association conformeric minima of methyl peroxynitrite. The main products, CH(3)O + NO(2), are formed through either rearrangement of the trans-conformer to methyl nitrate and its subsequent dissociation or via the breaking of the peroxy bond of the cis-conformer to CH(3)O + NO(2) radical pair. The important consequences of the proposed mechanism are (a) the allowance on energetic grounds for nitrate formation parallel to radical propagation under favorable external conditions and (b) the confirmation of the conformational preference of the homolytic cleavage of the peroxy bond, discussed in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Lesar
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Insitute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Aschmann SM, Long WD, Atkinson R. Pressure dependence of pentyl nitrate formation from the OH Radical-initiated reaction of n-pentane in the presence of NO. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:6617-22. [PMID: 16722673 DOI: 10.1021/jp054643i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation yields of 2- and 3-pentyl nitrate from the reactions of 2- and 3-pentyl peroxy radicals with NO have been measured at room temperature over the pressure range 51-744 Torr of N2 + O2, using the OH radical-initiated reaction of n-pentane to generate the pentyl peroxy radicals. The influence of 2- and 3-pentyl nitrate formation from the reaction of 2- and 3-pentoxy radicals with NO2 was investigated by conducting experiments with the initial CH3ONO (the OH radical precursor) and NO concentrations being varied by a factor of 5-10. From experiments carried out with low initial CH3ONO and NO concentrations, the measured yields of 2-pentyl nitrate and 3-pentyl nitrate, defined as ([pentyl nitrate] formed)/([n-pentane] reacted), each increase with increasing total pressure, from 1.10 +/- 0.09% and 1.11 +/- 0.10%, respectively, at 51 +/- 1 Torr of O2 to 5.48 +/- 0.51% and 4.07 +/- 0.31%, respectively, at 737 +/- 4 Torr of N2 + O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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26
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Maranzana A, Barker JR, Tonachini G. Master equation simulations of competing unimolecular and bimolecular reactions: application to OH production in the reaction of acetyl radical with O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4129-41. [PMID: 17687463 DOI: 10.1039/b705116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Master equation calculations were carried out to simulate the production of hydroxyl free radicals initiated by the reaction of acetyl free radicals (CH3(C=O).) with molecular oxygen. In particular, the competition between the unimolecular reactions and bimolecular reactions of vibrationally excited intermediates was modeled by using a single master equation. The vibrationally excited intermediates (isomers of acetylperoxyl radicals) result from the initial reaction of acetyl free radical with O2. The bimolecular reactions were modeled using a novel pseudo-first-order microcanonical rate constant approach. Stationary points on the multi-well, multi-channel potential energy surface (PES) were calculated at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311G(2df,p) level of theory. Some additional calculations were carried out at the CASPT2(7,5)/6-31G(d) level of theory to investigate barrierless reactions and other features of the PES. The master equation simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental OH yields measured in N2 or He buffer gas near 300 K, but they do not explain a recent report that the OH yields are independent of pressure in nearly pure O2 buffer gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maranzana
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
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27
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Cassanelli P, Fox DJ, Cox RA. Temperature dependence of pentyl nitrate formation from the reaction of pentyl peroxy radicals with NO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4332-7. [PMID: 17687480 DOI: 10.1039/b700285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl nitrate yields from the reaction of 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl and 2-methyl-2-butyl peroxy radicals with NO have been determined over the temperature range (261-305 K) and at 1 bar pressure from the photo-oxidation of the iodoalkane precursors in air-NO mixtures. Yields were observed to increase with decreasing temperature and, contrary to previous observations, along the series primary < secondary congruent with tertiary. Our results suggests a significant temperature dependence for the formation of nitrates from the reaction of pentyl peroxy radicals with NO and represent an extension in the temperature range over which this reaction has been studied experimentally in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cassanelli
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Zhang J, Donahue NM. Constraining the Mechanism and Kinetics of OH + NO2 and HO2 + NO Using the Multiple-Well Master Equation. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:6898-911. [PMID: 16722705 DOI: 10.1021/jp0556512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several recent experimental studies have provided substantial new constraints for the mechanisms on the HNO3 potential energy surface. These include observations of biexponential OH decay over short time scales from OH + NO2, which constrain key properties of the short-lived HOONO intermediate, observations of both conformers of the HOONO intermediate itself, isotopic scrambling data for 18OH + NO2, and observations of HONO2 production from the HO2 + NO reaction. We combine all of these recent data in a master-equation simulation of the system. This simulation is initialized with computational values for both stable species (wells) and transition states, but parameters are then adjusted to fit the observations. All parameters are kept within limits defined by experimental and theoretical uncertainty, and all converge away from their bounds. The primary fitting is carried out on the OH kinetic data-we first fit the biexponential kinetics, then address the isotopic scrambling. Isotopic scrambling is shown to be rapid but not complete at low pressure, while at least two parameter sets are shown to be consistent with the biexponential data. Of these two parameter sets, one is far more consistent with recent observations of trans-HOONO decay, isotopic scrambling, and HONO2 production from HO2 + NO. This we regard as the most probable potential energy surface for the reaction. On this PES, cis-trans isomerization for HOONO is slow but isomerization of trans-HOONO to HONO2 is rapid. This has significant implications for observed HOONO behavior and also HONO2 formation in the atmosphere from both HO2 + NO and OH + NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 1107, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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29
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Zhang JX, Li ZS, Liu JY, Sun CC. Theoretical Mechanistic Study on the Radical−Molecule Reaction of CH2OH with NO2. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2690-7. [PMID: 16494380 DOI: 10.1021/jp055515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The complex singlet potential energy surface for the reaction of CH2OH with NO2, including 14 minimum isomers and 28 transition states, is explored theoretically at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and Gaussian-3 (single-point) levels. The initial association between CH2OH and NO2 is found to be the carbon-to-nitrogen approach forming an adduct HOCH2NO2 (1) with no barrier, followed by C-N bond rupture along with a concerted H-shift leading to product P1 (CH2O + trans-HONO), which is the most abundant. Much less competitively, 1 can undergo the C-O bond formation along with C-N bond rupture to isomer HOCH2ONO (2), which will take subsequent cis-trans conversion and dissociation to P2 (HOCHO + HNO), P3 (CH2O + HNO2), and P4 (CH2O + cis-HONO) with comparable yields. The obtained species CH2O in primary product P1 is in good agreement with kinetic detection in experiment. Because the intermediate and transition state involved in the most favorable pathway all lie blow the reactants, the CH2OH + NO2 reaction is expected to be rapid, as is confirmed by experiment. These calculations indicate that the title reaction proceeds mostly through singlet pathways; less go through triplet pathways. In addition, a mechanistic comparison is made with the reactions CH3 + NO2 and CH3O + NO2. The present results can lead us to deeply understand the mechanism of the title reaction and may be helpful for understanding NO2-combustion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-xu Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
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30
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Liu Y, Lohr LL, Barker JR. Quasiclassical Trajectory Simulations of OH(v) + NO2 → HONO2* → OH(v‘) + NO2: Capture and Vibrational Deactivation Rate Constants. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:1267-77. [PMID: 16435787 DOI: 10.1021/jp053099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quasiclassical trajectory calculations are used to investigate the dynamics of the OH(v) + NO(2) --> HONO(2) --> OH(v') + NO(2) recombination/dissociation reaction on an analytic potential energy surface (PES) that gives good agreement with the known structure and vibrational frequencies of nitric acid. The calculated recombination rate constants depend only weakly on temperature and on the initial vibrational energy level of OH(v). The magnitude of the recombination rate constant is sensitive to the potential function describing the newly formed bond and to the switching functions in the PES that attenuate inter-mode interactions at long range. The lifetime of the nascent excited HONO(2) depends strongly not only on its internal energy but also on the identity of the initial state, in disagreement with statistical theory. This disagreement is probably due to the effects of slow intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) from the initially excited OH stretching mode. The vibrational energy distribution of product OH(v') radicals is different from statistical distributions, a result consistent with the effects of slow IVR. Nonetheless, the trajectory results predict that vibrational deactivation of OH(v) via the HONO(2) transient complex is approximately 90% efficient, almost independent of initial OH(v) vibrational level, in qualitative agreement with recent experiments. Tests are also carried out using the HONO(2) PES, but assuming the weaker O-O bond strength found in HOONO (peroxynitrous acid). In this case, the predicted vibrational deactivation efficiencies are significantly lower and depend strongly on the initial vibrational state of OH(v), in disagreement with experiments. This disagreement suggests that the actual HOONO PES may contain more inter-mode coupling than found in the present model PES, which is based on HONO(2). For nitric acid, the measured vibrational deactivation rate constant is a useful proxy for the recombination rate, but IVR randomization of energy is not complete, suggesting that the efficacy of the proxy method must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
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31
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Golden DM. Evaluating Data for Atmospheric Models, an Example: IO + NO2 = IONO2. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:2940-3. [PMID: 16509616 DOI: 10.1021/jp058221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Data for the title reaction have been fit to the different formalisms used by the NASA and IUPAC data evaluation panels. The data are well represented by either formalism. Reported values for the bond dissociation energy at 0 K, D0(IO-NO2) vary from about 95 to 135 kJ mol(-1), with uncertainty ranges of about 20 kJ mol(-1). Master equation/RRKM methods were employed in an attempt to reconcile these values with the data. This was possible within reasonable bounds and suggests a value in the neighborhood of 150 kJ mol(-1). As always, there are sufficient assumptions and unknowns in such an attempt, that this value is somewhat uncertain, but the true value is not expected to be too far from this result. Thus, it is possible to evaluate data of the type addressed here in a manner reasonably consistent with the basic understanding of pressure dependent rate coefficients for use in atmospheric or other models of "engineering" problems. There are, however, strict limits on our ability to know specific details. It is possible that true anharmonicity corrections that include stretch-bend interactions as well as effects due to averaging rotational contributions could combine to lower this value by as much as 10 kJ mol(-1). In addition collision and energy transfer parameters are somewhat uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Golden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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32
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Butkovskaya NI, Kukui A, Pouvesle N, Le Bras G. Formation of Nitric Acid in the Gas-Phase HO2 + NO Reaction: Effects of Temperature and Water Vapor. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6509-20. [PMID: 16833996 DOI: 10.1021/jp051534v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high-pressure turbulent flow reactor coupled with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer was used to investigate the minor channel (1b) producing nitric acid, HNO3, in the HO2 + NO reaction for which only one channel (1a) is known so far: HO2 + NO --> OH + NO2 (1a), HO2 + NO --> HNO3 (1b). The reaction has been investigated in the temperature range 223-298 K at a pressure of 200 Torr of N2 carrier gas. The influence of water vapor has been studied at 298 K. The branching ratio, k1b/k1a, was found to increase from (0.18(+0.04/-0.06))% at 298 K to (0.87(+0.05/-0.08))% at 223 K, corresponding to k1b = (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-14) and (10.4 +/- 1.7) x 10(-14) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively at 298 and 223 K. The data could be fitted by the Arrhenius expression k1b = 6.4 x 10(-17) exp((1644 +/- 76)/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at T = 223-298 K. The yield of HNO3 was found to increase in the presence of water vapor (by 90% at about 3 Torr of H2O). Implications of the obtained results for atmospheric radicals chemistry and chemical amplifiers used to measure peroxy radicals are discussed. The results show in particular that reaction 1b can be a significant loss process for the HO(x) (OH, HO2) radicals in the upper troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Butkovskaya
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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33
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Pan X, Fu Z, Li Z, Sun C, Sun H, Su Z, Wang R. Theoretical study on the mechanism of the gas-phase radical–radical reaction of CH3O with NO2. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Carstensen HH, Naik CV, Dean AM. Detailed Modeling of the Reaction of C2H5 + O2. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2264-81. [PMID: 16838997 DOI: 10.1021/jp0451142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modeling of low-temperature ethane oxidation requires an accurate description of the reaction of C(2)H(5) + O(2), because its multiple reaction channels either accelerate the oxidation process via chain branching, or inhibit it by forming stable, less reactive products. We have used a steady-state chemical-activation analysis to generate pressure and temperature dependent rate coefficients for the various channels of this system. Input parameters for this analysis were obtained from ab initio calculations at the CBS-QB3 level of theory with bond-additivity corrections, followed by transition state theory calculations with Wigner tunneling corrections. The chemical-activation analysis used QRRK theory to determine k(E) and the modified strong collision (MSC) model to account for collisional deactivation. This procedure resulted in a C(2)H(5) + O(2) submechanism which was either used directly (possibly augmented with a few C(2)H(5) generating and consuming reactions) or as part of a larger extended mechanism to predict the temperature and pressure dependencies of the overall loss of ethyl and of the yields of ethylene, ethylene oxide, HO(2), and OH. A comparison of the predictions using both mechanisms allowed an assessment of the sensitivity of the experimental data to secondary reactions. Except for the time dependent OH profiles, the predictions using the extended mechanism were in good agreement with the observations. By replacing the MSC model with master equation approaches, both steady-state and time dependent, it was confirmed that the MSC assumption is adequate for the analysis of the C(2)H(5) + O(2) reaction. The good overall performance of the C(2)H(5) + O(2) submechanism developed in this study suggests that it provides a good building block for an ethane oxidation mechanism.
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35
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Espada C, Shepson PB. The production of organic nitrates from atmospheric oxidation of ethers and glycol ethers. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Espada C, Grossenbacher J, Ford K, Couch T, Shepson PB. The production of organic nitrates from various anthropogenic volatile organic compounds. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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37
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Davis ME, Tapscott C, Stevens PS. Measurements of the kinetics of the OH-initiated oxidation of β-pinene: Radical propagation in the OH + β-pinene + O2 + NO reaction system. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bacak A, Bardwell MW, Raventos MT, Percival CJ, Sanchez-Reyna G, Shallcross DE. Kinetics of the Reaction of CH3O2 + NO: A Temperature and Pressure Dependence Study with Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asan Bacak
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Max W. Bardwell
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - M. Teresa Raventos
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Carl J. Percival
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Gabriela Sanchez-Reyna
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Dudley E. Shallcross
- The School of Science, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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39
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Park J, Jongsma CG, Zhang R, North SW. OH/OD Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene in the Presence of O2 and NO. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040421t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Candice G. Jongsma
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Simon W. North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Zhang J, Dransfield T, Donahue NM. On the Mechanism for Nitrate Formation via the Peroxy Radical + NO Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Tim Dransfield
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Ellison GB, Herbert JM, McCoy AB, Stanton JF, Szalay PG. Unimolecular Rearrangement oftrans-FONO to FNO2. A Possible Model System for Atmospheric Nitrate Formation†. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047220+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nishida S, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Chiappero M, Argüello G, Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Ball JC. CF3ONO2 yield in the gas phase reaction of CF3O2 radicals with NO. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Golden DM, Barker JR, Lohr LL. Master Equation Models for the Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Reactions HO + NO2 → HONO2 and HO + NO2 → HOONO. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0353183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Golden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Lawrence L. Lohr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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Barker JR, Golden DM. Master Equation Analysis of Pressure-Dependent Atmospheric Reactions. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4577-92. [PMID: 14664624 DOI: 10.1021/cr020655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Barker
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA.
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45
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Lohr LL, Barker JR, Shroll RM. Modeling the Organic Nitrate Yields in the Reaction of Alkyl Peroxy Radicals with Nitric Oxide. 1. Electronic Structure Calculations and Thermochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L. Lohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - Robert M. Shroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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