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Wackett LP. Strategies for the Biodegradation of Polyfluorinated Compounds. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1664. [PMID: 36014082 PMCID: PMC9415301 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cite the strength of C-F bonds for the poor microbial biodegradability of polyfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs). However, commercial PFCs almost invariably contain more functionality than fluorine. The additional functionality provides a weak entry point for reactions that activate C-F bonds and lead to their eventual cleavage. This metabolic activation strategy is common in microbial biodegradation pathways and is observed with aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated compounds, phosphonates and many other compounds. Initial metabolic activation precedes critical bond breakage and assimilation of nutrients. A similar strategy with commercial PFCs proceeds via initial attack at the non-fluorinated functionalities: sulfonates, carboxylates, chlorines, phenyl rings, or phosphonates. Metabolic transformation of these non-fluorinated groups can activate the C-F bonds, allowing more facile cleavage than a direct attack on the C-F bonds. Given that virtually all compounds denoted as "PFAS" are not perfluorinated and are not alkanes, it is posited here that considering their individual chemical classes is more useful for both chemical and microbiological considerations of their fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Luo J, Hu J, Wei X, Fu L, Li L. Dehalogenation of persistent halogenated organic compounds: A review of computational studies and quantitative structure-property relationships. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:17-33. [PMID: 25765260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehalogenation is one of the highly important degradation reactions for halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in the environment, which is also being developed as a potential type of the remediation technologies. In combination with the experimental results, intensive efforts have recently been devoted to the development of efficient theoretical methodologies (e.g. multi-scale simulation) to investigate the mechanisms for dehalogenation of HOCs. This review summarizes the structural characteristics of neutral molecules, anionic species and excited states of HOCs as well as their adsorption behavior on the surface of graphene and the Fe cluster. It discusses the key physiochemical properties (e.g. frontier orbital energies and thermodynamic properties) calculated at various levels of theory (e.g. semiempirical, ab initio, density functional theory (DFT) and the periodic DFT) as well as their connections to the reactivity and reaction pathway for the dehalogenation. This paper also reviews the advances in the linear and nonlinear quantitative structure-property relationship models for the dehalogenation kinetics of HOCs and in the mathematical modeling of the dehalogenation processes. Furthermore, prospects of further expansion and exploration of the current research fields are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Xionghui Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Liya Fu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
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San LK, Bukovsky EV, Kuvychko IV, Popov AA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Single-Step Gas-Phase Polyperfluoroalkylation of Naphthalene Leads to Thermodynamic Products. Chemistry 2014; 20:4373-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kuvychko IV, Whitaker JB, Larson BW, Folsom TC, Shustova NB, Avdoshenko SM, Chen YS, Wen H, Wang XB, Dunsch L, Popov AA, Boltalina OV, Strauss SH. Substituent effects in a series of 1,7-C60(RF)2 compounds (RF = CF3, C2F5, n-C3F7, i-C3F7, n-C4F9, s-C4F9, n-C8F17): electron affinities, reduction potentials and E(LUMO) values are not always correlated. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hazimeh H, Nunige S, Cornut R, Lefrou C, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Surface Reactivity from Electrochemical Lithography: Illustration in the Steady-State Reductive Etching of Perfluorinated Surfaces. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hazimeh
- Physico-Chimie des Electrolytes, des Colloides et Sciences Analytiques, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7195, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandra Nunige
- Physico-Chimie des Electrolytes, des Colloides et Sciences Analytiques, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7195, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Renaud Cornut
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS-Grenoble-INP-UJF, 1130 Rue de la Piscine, B.P. 75, Domaine Universitaire, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| | - Christine Lefrou
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS-Grenoble-INP-UJF, 1130 Rue de la Piscine, B.P. 75, Domaine Universitaire, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Physico-Chimie des Electrolytes, des Colloides et Sciences Analytiques, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7195, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Physico-Chimie des Electrolytes, des Colloides et Sciences Analytiques, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7195, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Jung BJ, Martinez Hardigree JF, Dhar BM, Dawidczyk TJ, Sun J, See KC, Katz HE. Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide layer-based transistors with nanometer oxide and side chain dielectrics operating below one volt. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2723-2734. [PMID: 21351783 DOI: 10.1021/nn103115h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We designed a new naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI) semiconductor molecule with long fluoroalkylbenzyl side chains. The side chains, 1.2 nm long, not only aid in self-assembly and kinetically stabilize injected electrons but also act as part of the gate dielectric in field-effect transistors. On Si substrates coated only with the 2 nm thick native oxide, NTCDI semiconductor films were deposited with thicknesses from 17 to 120 nm. Top contact Au electrodes were deposited as sources and drains. The devices showed good transistor characteristics in air with 0.1-1 μA of drain current at 0.5 V of V(G) and V(DS) and W/L of 10-20, even though channel width (250 μm) is over 1000 times the distance (20 nm) between gate and drain electrodes. The extracted capacitance-times-mobility product, an expression of the sheet transconductance, can exceed 100 nS V(-1), 2 orders of magnitude higher than typical organic transistors. The vertical low-frequency capacitance with gate voltage applied in the accumulation regime reached as high as 650 nF/cm(2), matching the harmonic sum of capacitances of the native oxide and one side chain and indicating that some gate-induced carriers in such devices are distributed among all of the NTCDI core layers, although the preponderance of the carriers are still near the gate electrode. Besides demonstrating and analyzing thickness-dependent NTCDI-based transistor behavior, we also showed <1 V detection of dinitrotoluene vapor by such transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jun Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Park H, Vecitis CD, Cheng J, Dalleska NF, Mader BT, Hoffmann MR. Reductive degradation of perfluoroalkyl compounds with aquated electrons generated from iodide photolysis at 254 nm. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1945-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vecitis CD, Park H, Cheng J, Mader BT, Hoffmann MR. Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-009-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park H, Vecitis CD, Cheng J, Choi W, Mader BT, Hoffmann MR. Reductive Defluorination of Aqueous Perfluorinated Alkyl Surfactants: Effects of Ionic Headgroup and Chain Length. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:690-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807116q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoong Park
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Wonyong Choi
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Brian T. Mader
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- School of Physics and Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea,W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea, and 3M Environmental Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 260-05-N-17, Maplewood, Minnesota 55144-1000
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Houmam A. Electron Transfer Initiated Reactions: Bond Formation and Bond Dissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2180-237. [PMID: 18620366 DOI: 10.1021/cr068070x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K. Irikura
- Computational Chemistry Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8380
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Shiotani M, Lund A, Lunell S, Williams F. Structures of the Hexafluorocyclopropane, Octafluorocyclobutane, and Decafluorocyclopentane Radical Anions Probed by Experimental and Computational Studies of Anisotropic Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2006; 111:321-38. [PMID: 17214470 DOI: 10.1021/jp064891u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra are reported for the radical anions of hexafluorocyclopropane (c-C(3)F(6)(-)), octafluorocyclobutane (c-C(4)F(8)(-)), and decafluorocyclopentane (c-C(5)F(10)(-)) generated via gamma-irradiation in plastically crystalline tetramethylsilane (TMS) and rigid 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) matrices. By combining the analysis of these experimental ESR spectra involving anisotropic hyperfine (hf) couplings with a series of quantum chemical computations, the geometrical and electronic structure of these unusual perfluorocycloalkane radical anions have been characterized more fully than in previous studies that considered only the isotropic couplings. Unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) computations with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set predict planar ring structures for all three radical anions, the ground electronic states being (2)A(2)(") for c-C(3)F(6)(-) (D(3h) symmetry), (2)A(2u) for c-C(4)F(8)(-) (D(4h)), and (2)A(2)(") for c-C(5)F(10)(-) (D(5h)), in which the respective six, eight, and ten 19F-atoms are equivalent by symmetry. A successful test of the theoretical computation is indicated by the fact that the isotropic 19F hf couplings computed by the B3LYP method with the 6-311+G(2df,p) basis set for the optimized geometries are in almost perfect agreement with the experimental values: viz., 19.8 mT (exp) vs 19.78 mT (calc) for c-C(3)F(6)(-); 14.85 mT (exp) vs 14.84 mT (calc) for c-C(4)F(8)(-); 11.6 mT (exp) vs 11.65 mT (calc) for c-C(5)F(10)(-). Consequently, the same computation method has been applied to calculate the almost axially symmetric anisotropic 19F hf couplings for the magnetically equivalent 19F atoms: (-4.90 mT, -4.84 mT, 9.75 mT) for c-C(3)F(6), (-3.54 mT, -3.48 mT, 7.02 mT) for c-C(4)F(8)(-), and (-2.62 mT, -2.56 mT, 5.18 mT) for c-C(5)F(10)(-). ESR spectral simulations performed using the computed principal values of the hf couplings and the spatial orientations of the 19F nuclei as input parameters reveal an excellent fit to the experimental anisotropic ESR spectra of c-C(3)F(6)(-), c-C(4)F(8)(-), and c-C(5)F(10)(-), thereby providing a convincing proof of the highly symmetric D(nh) structures that are predicted for these negative ions. Furthermore, using the computed 19F principal values and their orientations, the effective 19F anisotropic hf couplings along the molecular symmetry axes were evaluated for c-C(3)F(6)(-) and c-C(4)F(8)(-) and successfully correlated with the positions of the characteristic outermost features in both the experimental and calculated anisotropic spectra. In addition, the electronic excitation energies and oscillator strengths for the c-C(3)F(6)(-) , c-C(4)F(8)(-), and c-C(5)F(10)(-) radical anions were computed for the first time using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Shiotani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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Krivenko AG, Kurmaz VA. Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of intermediates of electrode reactions. Comparative laser photoemission study of the kinetics of electron transfer for certain alkylaryl and alkylhalide radicals. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193506020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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ElSohly AM, Tschumper GS, Crocombe RA, Wang JT, Williams F. Computational and ESR Studies of Electron Attachment to Decafluorocyclopentane, Octafluorocyclobutane, and Hexafluorocyclopropane: Electron Affinities of the Molecules and the Structures of Their Stable Negative Ions as Determined from 13C and 19F Hyperfine Coupling Constants. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10573-83. [PMID: 16045345 DOI: 10.1021/ja0505898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution ESR spectra of the ground-state negative ions of hexafluorocyclopropane (c-C3F6*-), octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8*-), and decafluorocyclopentane (c-C5F10*-) are reported and their isotropic 19F hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc) of 198.6 +/- 0.4 G, 147.6 +/- 0.4 G, and 117.9 +/- 0.4 G, respectively, are in inverse ratio to the total number of fluorine atoms per anion. Together with the small value of 5.2 +/- 0.4 G determined for the isotropic 13C hfcc of c-C4F8*-, these results indicate that in each case the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is delocalized over the equivalent fluorines and possesses a nodal plane through the carbon atoms of a time-averaged D(nh) structure. A series of quantum chemical computations were carried out to further characterize these anions and their neutral counterparts. Both the B3LYP density functional and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) indicate that c-C3F6*- adopts a D(3h) geometry and a (2)A2'' ground electronic state, that c-C4F8*- adopts a D(4h) geometry and a (2)A2u ground electronic state, and that c-C5F10*- adopts a C(s) structure and a (2)A' electronic state. Moreover, the 19F hyperfine coupling constants computed with the MP2 method and a high quality triple-zeta basis set are within 1% of the experimental values. Also, the values computed for the 13C hfcc of c-C4F8*- are consistent with the experimental value of 5.2 G. Therefore, in keeping with the ESR results, these negative ions derived from first-row elements can be characterized as pi* species. In addition, the hypervalency of these perfluorocycloalkane radical anions has been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M ElSohly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Krivenko AG, Kotkin AS, Kurmaz VA. Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of intermediates of electrode reactions: A comparative investigation of a number of alkylaryl and alkyl halide radicals by the laser photoemission methods. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11175-005-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Mazouzi D. Surface Modification of Halogenated Polymers. 8. Local Reduction of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) by the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope − Transient Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046640w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Combellas
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Combellas C, Ghilane J, Kanoufi F, Mazouzi D. Surface Modification of Halogenated Polymers. 7. Local Reduction of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by a Scanning Electrochemical Microscope in the Feedback Mode. J Phys Chem B 2004; 108:6391-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0376929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Combellas
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jalal Ghilane
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR 7121, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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