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Yang M, Wu H, Huang B, Luo Z, Hansen K. Iodization Threshold in Size-Dependent Reactions of Lead Clusters Pb n+ with Iodomethane. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2505-2512. [PMID: 32091897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a magnetron-sputtering (MagS) source in tandem with a multiple-ion laminar flow tube (MIFT) reactor and a customized triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), we have prepared clean Pbn+ (n = 1-13) clusters and measured their reactivity with iodomethane under high carrier gas pressures. Strong size dependences are found for the reactivity of these cationic Pbn+ clusters with CH3I. For the Pbn+ with n ≤ 4, iodinated clusters PbnI+ were found to be the dominant products, in strong contrast to n > 4 where no such products were seen. Quantum chemical studies show that with an increasing number of Pb atoms, the Pb-Pb interatomic interactions become stronger compared with the Pb-I bonding in PbnI+ clusters. Furthermore, the reactions of Pb1-4+ with CH3I have fairly small transition state energy barriers, in contrast to those for Pbn>4+ clusters which have magnitudes that will prevent reactions under the ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Benben Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Joint Centre for Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cui J, Sun C, Zhao Y, Wang M, Ma J. Hydrogen- and oxygen-atom transfers in the thermal activation of benzene mediated by Cu 2O 2+ cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1117-1122. [PMID: 30601529 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06807k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mass-selected copper oxide cluster cations Cu2O2+ are successfully prepared by laser ablation and reacted with benzene in a linear ion trap reactor. The cluster reaction is characterized by reflectron mass spectrometry in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. Four types of reaction channels are observed: (1) Cu2OH+ + C6H5O˙, (2) Cu2C6H6+ + O2, (3) Cu(C6H6)2+ + Cu and (4) Cu2O2C6H6+, in which the first one is the major product. Observation of the products Cu2OH+ indicates that oxygen atom transfer (OAT) accompanying hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) occurs, and the oxygen-centered radical (O-˙) in Cu2O2+ is crucial to the cleavages of C-H and Cu-O bonds. It is interesting that HAT and OAT occur in a single reaction channel to form C6H5O˙, which has not been reported in the reactions of gas-phase ions with benzene. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental observations, and no two-state reactivity scenario is present in the potential energy surface of channel 1. This work can provide useful insights into the nature of active sites over copper oxides and reaction mechanisms in the corresponding heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Cui JT, Zhao Y, Hu JC, Ma JB. Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol mediated by nanosized vanadium oxide cluster ions at room temperature. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074308. [PMID: 30134679 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas-phase vanadium oxide cluster cations and anions are prepared by laser ablation. The small cluster ions (<1000 amu) are mass-selected using a quadrupole mass filter and reacted with benzene in a linear ion trap reactor; large clusters (>1000 amu) with no mass selection are reacted with C6H6 in a fast flow reactor. Rich product variety is encountered in these reactions, and the reaction channels for small cationic and anionic systems are different. For large clusters, the reactivity patterns of (V2O5) n+ (n = 6-25) and (V2O5) n O- (n = 6-24) cluster series are very similar to each other, indicating that the charge state has little influence on the oxidation of benzene. In sharp contrast to the dramatic changes of reactivity of small clusters, a weakly size dependent reaction behavior of large (V2O5)6-25+ and (V2O5)6-24O- clusters is observed. Therefore, the charge state and the size are not the major factors influencing the reactivity of nanosized vanadium oxide cluster ions toward C6H6, which is not common in cluster science. In the reactions with benzene, the small and large reactive vanadium oxide cations show similar reactivity of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) toward C6H6 at higher and lower temperatures, respectively; different numbers of vibrational degrees of freedom and the released energy during the formation of adduct complexes can explain this intriguing correlation. The reactions investigated herein might be used as the models of how to realize the partial oxidation of benzene to phenol in a single step, and the observed mechanisms are helpful to understand the corresponding heterogeneous reactions, such as those over vanadium oxide aerosols and vanadium oxide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Cui
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chuang Hu
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Thermodynamic study of nanoclusters of lead (Pb n , n = 1–6): adsorption of small molecules on the Pb n clusters. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xing X, Wang J, Xie H, Liu Z, Qin Z, Zhao L, Tang Z. Octacoordinate metal carbonyls of scandium and yttrium: theoretical calculations and experimental observation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1403-1409. [PMID: 23681819 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The transition metal carbonyls are among the most important complexes in coordination chemistry. The maximum coordination number in these complexes is seven. Because the cations Sc(+) and Y(+) have empty second outermost d orbital subshells, they can possibly bond eight CO ligands, forming the 18-electron d(10)s(2)p(6) noble gas configuration. The aim of this study is to determine whether the octacoordinate metal carbonyls of Sc(+) and Y(+) exist. METHODS The structures and bonding of M(CO)n(+) (M = Sc and Y, n = 7-9) were studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the functionals of B3LYP and BP86. The cationic complexes from laser ablation of Sc and Y in CO gas were analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS The structures of M(CO)n(+) (M = Sc and Y, n = 7-9) and the bond dissociation energies for the last CO ligand in M(CO)n(+) (M = Sc and Y, n = 8 and 9) were obtained using DFT calculations. The products in the experiment for both metals include the series MO(CO)n(+), MO(H2O)(CO)n(+) and M(CO)n(+) (M = Sc or Y). The intensities of the MO(CO)n(+) and MO(H2O)(CO)n(+) ions change gradually with the number of CO ligands, while most M(CO)n(+) ions are very weak except for three intense ones, Sc(CO)7(+), Sc(CO)8(+) and Y(CO)8(+). CONCLUSIONS Comparisons between the theoretical calculations and the experimental observations indicate that eight CO ligands are chemically bonded on the central atom in the singlet state of Sc(CO)8(+) ((1)A1 state of D(4d) symmetry) and the singlet and triplet states of Y(CO)8(+) ((1)A1 state of D(4d) symmetry and (3)A(1g) state of O(h) symmetry). The (1)A1 states of both Sc(CO)8(+) and Y(CO)8(+) have the 18-electron d(10)s(2)p(6) noble gas configuration. In M(CO)9(+) (M = Sc or Y), the ninth CO is weakly adsorbed on the external shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, Beijing 100049, China
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Sun Z, Sun S, Liu H, Tang Z, Gao Z. Photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study of aromatic-Bi(m) anionic complexes (aromatic = C6H5, C5H4N, C4H3O, and C4H4N; m = 1-3): a comparative study. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4127-35. [PMID: 23631643 DOI: 10.1021/jp401222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactions between Bi clusters generated by laser ablation and different aromatic molecules (C6H6, C5H5N, C4H4O, or C4H5N) seeded in argon carrier gas were studied by a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RTOF-MS) with a photoelectron spectrometer. The photoelectron (PE) spectra of the dominant anionic products Bi(m)C6H5(-), Bi(m)C5H4N(-) (m = 1-4) and Bi(m)C4H3O(-), Bi(m)C4H4N(-) (m = 1-3) dehydrogenated complexes were obtained by 308 and 193 nm laser, respectively. It was found that the adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) of Bi(m)C4H4N are higher than those of Bi(m)C6H5, Bi(m)C5H4N, and Bi(m)C4H3O with the same metal number m. Theoretical calculations with density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to elucidate the possible structures for Bi(m)C4H4N(-) and Bi(m)C4H4N complexes. By comparison of the theoretical and experimental EAs, the most possible structures were the isomers in which the C4H4N group binds to metal clusters with the N-Bi bond, and their simulated spectra based on Koopmans' theorem were in correct agreement with the PES results. Furthermore, the analysis of the molecular orbital composition provided evidence that the C4H4N group contributes a single electron to bind to Bi(m) clusters with the Bi-N σ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Zhao L, Xie H, Liu Z, Wang J, Xing X, Tang Z. Structure and Bonding in MPb 5– (M = Cu, Ag, and Au): A Combined Investigation by Theoretical Calculations and Photoelectron Imaging Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2325-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312822t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- College of Materials Sciences
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Materials Sciences
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- College of Materials Sciences
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Sun Z, Tang Z, Gao Z. Half sandwich structures of (M=Ag and Au): An experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Prussakowska M, Sokalska M, Gierczyk B, Kozik T, Frański R. Lead clusters in the gas phase obtained by laser desorption/ionization from lead(II) acetate. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1925-1929. [PMID: 20533323 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Sun Z, Sun S, Liu H, Zhu Q, Gao Z, Tang Z. Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of MmC6F5 Anionic Complexes (M = Pb and Bi; m = 1−4). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8045-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihe Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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Aubriet F, Gaumet JJ, de Jong WA, Groenewold GS, Gianotto AK, McIlwain ME, Van Stipdonk MJ, Leavitt CM. Cerium Oxyhydroxide Clusters: Formation, Structure, and Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6239-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9015432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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Liu XJ, Li B, Han KL, Sun ST, Xing XP, Tang ZC. Experimental and theoretical studies of complexes of [PbmAg]− (m = 1–4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1043-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b812460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun Z, Sun S, Liu H, Zhu Q, Gao Z, Tang Z. Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Aromatics−Pb m Anionic Complexes (Aromatics = C 6H 5, C 5H 4N, C 4H 3O, and C 4H 4N; m = 1−4): A Comparative Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11566-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805837b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihe Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Liu XJ, Han KL, Sun ST, Tang ZC, Qin ZB, Cui ZF. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Complexes of [Pbm−Pyridyl]− (m = 1−4). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6850-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711459x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Chao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, P.R. China
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Liu XJ, Yang CL, Zhang X, Han KL, Tang ZC. Theoretical study on the structure and formation mechanism of [C6H5Mm]− (MAg, Au; m = 1-3). J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1667-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu XJ, Zhang X, Han KL, Xing XP, Sun ST, Tang ZC. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Structure and Formation Mechanism of [C6H5Cum]- (m = 1−3). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3248-55. [PMID: 17419592 DOI: 10.1021/jp066750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The important intermediate phenyl-copper metal complexes [C(6)H(5)Cu(m)]- (m = 1-3), which are produced from the reactions between copper metal clusters formed by laser ablation and the benzene molecules seeded in argon carrier gas, are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy(PES) and density functional theory (DFT). Their structures and bonding patterns are investigated, which results in the conclusion that C(6)H(5) groups bond perpendicularly on copper clusters through Cu-C sigma bond. The formation mechanism of these complexes has been studied at B3LYP//6-311G(d, p)/Lanl2dz level. Direct insertion reaction between [Cu(m)]- and C(6)H(6) yields intermediate complex [C(6)H(5)Cu(m)H]-, and then eliminates the H atom, or releases the H atom to other neutral Cu atoms or anionic Cu ions via H abstraction reaction. The first step is the rate-limiting step with C-H activation and cleavage, and H abstraction by neutral Cu atom is the most energetically favorable pathway for the final step. Moreover, the complex [C(6)H(5)Cu(2)]- is ascertained to be easier to be generated than [C(6)H(5)Cu(3)]- and [C(6)H(5)Cu]-, which are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 11602, China
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Liu H, Yang Z, Gao Z, Tang Z. Ionization and dissociation of CH3I in intense laser field. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:044316. [PMID: 17286479 DOI: 10.1063/1.2424703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionization-dissociation of methyl iodide in intense laser field has been studied using a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RTOF-MS), at a laser intensity of < or =6.6x10(14) W/cm(2), lambda=798 nm, and a pulse width of 180 fs. With the high resolution of RTOF-MS, the fragment ions with the same M/z but from different dissociation channels are resolved in the mass spectra, and the kinetic energy releases (KERs) of the fragment ions such as I(q+) (q=1-6), CH(m) (+) (m=0-3), C(2+), and C(3+) are measured. It is found that the KERs of the fragment ions are independent of the laser intensity. The fragments CH(3) (+) and I(+) with very low KERs (<1 eV for CH(3) (+) and <0.07 eV for I(+)) are assigned to be produced by the multiphoton dissociation of CH(3)I(+). For the fragments CH(3) (+) and I(+) from CH(3)I(2+), they are produced by the Coulomb explosion of CH(3)I(2+) with the interaction from the covalent force of the remaining valence electrons. The split of the KER of the fragments produced from CH(3)I(2+) dissociation is observed experimentally and explained with the energy split of I(+)((3)P(2)) and I(+)((3)P(0,1)). The dissociation CH(3)I(3+)-->CH(3) (+)+I(2+) is caused by Coulomb explosion. The valid charge distance R(c) between I(2+) and CH(3) (+), at which enhanced ionization of methyl iodide occurs, is obtained to be 3.7 A by the measurements of the KERs of the fragments CH(3) (+) and I(2+). For the CH(3)I(n+) (n> or =3), the KERs of the fragment ions CH(3) (p+) and I(q+) are attributed to the Coulomb repulsion between CH(3) (p+) and I(q+) from R(c) approximately 3.7 A. The dissociation of the fragment CH(3) (+) is also discussed. By the enhanced ionization mechanism and using the measured KER of I(q+), all the possible Coulomb explosion channels are identified. By comparing the abundance of fragment ions in mass spectrum, it is found that the asymmetric dissociation channels with more charges on iodine, q>p, are the dominant channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Xing X, Sun S, Gao Z, Tang Z. Pbm−Phenyl (m = 1−5) Complexes: an Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8688-94. [PMID: 16836429 DOI: 10.1021/jp0617470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenyl-lead metal complexes ([Pb(m)C6H5]-) produced from the reactions between benzene and lead clusters formed by laser ablation on a lead solid sample are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT). The adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) of [Pb(m)C6H5]- are obtained from PES at 308 nm, and the differences between the PES of [Pb(m)C6H5]- and the PES of Pbm- are discussed in detail. The results reveal that the phenyl group binds perpendicularly on lead clusters through the Pb-C sigma bond and the complexes have a closed shell structure. Calculations with DFT are carried out on the structural and electronic properties of [Pb(m)C6H5]-, and the adiabatic detachment energy for the optimized structures of anion are in agreement with the experimental PES results. The density of states (DOS) calculated is compared with experimental PES and is discussed. The most possible structures for each species are concluded, and the bonding between Pb and phenyl is analyzed, which also proves that the phenyl group binds perpendicularly on lead clusters through the Pb-C sigma bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
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Liu H, Sun S, Xing X, Tang Z. Reactions of platinum cluster ions with benzene. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1899-904. [PMID: 16715471 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the cation and anion products of the reactions between platinum clusters produced by laser ablation and the benzene molecules seeded in argon have been studied using a high-resolution reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RTOFMS). The dominant cation products are [C(6n)H(6n - k)](+) and [Pt(m)(C(6)H(6))(n)](+) complexes, while the dominant anion products are dehydrogenated species, [C(6)H(5)PtH](-), [PtC(12)H(k)](-) and [Pt(m)C(6)H(4) . . . (C(6)H(6))(n)](-), etc. Some important intermediate structures ([PtC(6)H(6)](+), [Pt(C(6)H(6))(2)](+), [Pt(2)(C(6)H(6))(3)](+), [C(6)H(5)PtH](-), [Pt(2)C(6)H(4)](-), [Pt(3)C(6)H(4)](-) and [Pt(4)C(6)H(4)](-)) have been analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Different reaction mechanisms are proposed for platinum cluster cations and anions with benzene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Sun S, Xing X, Liu H, Tang Z. Phenyl-Coinage Metal (Ag, Au) Complexes: an Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11742-51. [PMID: 16366624 DOI: 10.1021/jp054068i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The important intermediate phenyl-coinage metal complexes (Ag(m)C6H5(-), Au(m)C6H5(-)), which are produced from the reactions between coinage metal clusters formed by laser ablation and the benzene molecules seeded in argon carrier gas, are studied by PES (photoelectron spectroscopy) and DFT (density functional theory). The EAs (adiabatic electron affinities) of these complexes are obtained from PES at both 308 and 193 nm photon energies and show odd-even alternation. Calculations with DFT are carried out on the structural and electronic properties of Ag(m)C6H5(-) and Au(m)C6H5(-); the adiabatic detachment energy and the calculated DOS (density of states) for the ground state of a given anion are in good agreement with the experimental PES results. The observed spectra are also compared with those of the pure coinage metal clusters, which reveal that there are some similarities between them and the phenyl acts like an additional metal atom in the clusters. Furthermore, the bonding between phenyl and metal is analyzed, suggesting that phenyl group binds perpendicularly on metal clusters through C-M sigma bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
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