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Goiri E, Borghetti P, El-Sayed A, Ortega JE, de Oteyza DG. Multi-Component Organic Layers on Metal Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1340-1368. [PMID: 26662076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly high hopes are being placed on organic semiconductors for a variety of applications. Progress along these lines, however, requires the design and growth of increasingly complex systems with well-defined structural and electronic properties. These issues have been studied and reviewed extensively in single-component layers, but the focus is gradually shifting towards more complex and functional multi-component assemblies such as donor-acceptor networks. These blends show different properties from those of the corresponding single-component layers, and the understanding on how these properties depend on the different supramolecular environment of multi-component assemblies is crucial for the advancement of organic devices. Here, our understanding of two-dimensional multi-component layers on solid substrates is reviewed. Regarding the structure, the driving forces behind the self-assembly of these systems are described. Regarding the electronic properties, recent insights into how these are affected as the molecule's supramolecular environment changes are explained. Key information for the design and controlled growth of complex, functional multicomponent structures by self-assembly is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goiri
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patrizia Borghetti
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7588, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Afaf El-Sayed
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidad del Pais Vasco, Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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Li FI, Thaler SM, Leo PH, Barnard JA. Dendrimer Pattern Formation in Evaporating Drops. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:25838-43. [PMID: 17181229 DOI: 10.1021/jp0653398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The redistribution of organic solutes during drop evaporation is a nanoscale self-assembly process with relevance to technologies ranging from inkjet printing of organic displays to synthesis of biosmart interfaces for sensing and screening. We have used solutions of dendrimer molecules with incrementally varying terminal site chemistry to explore whether the condensed dendrimer patterns resulting from microdroplet evaporation sensitively depend on, and are characteristic of, the surface chemistry of the solute molecules. This hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed by comparing the behavior of microdroplets of G4, G4-25%C12, and G4-50%C12 dendrimers dissolved in pentanol and deposited on mica substrates. For the dilute concentration studied here, the presence of periodically 'scalloped' dendrimer rings is ubiquitous. The instability wavelength of the scalloped rings is found to be proportional to the width of the ring, similar to observations of the rim instability in dewetting holes. The effect of dendrimer surface chemistry is obvious in the detailed structure of the self-assembled rings. G4 rings are diffuse and disordered with no evidence for layered growth. G4-25%C12 exhibits highly ordered ring structures and the onset of monomolecular terracing. G4-50%C12 exhibits highly periodic scallops and very distinct monomolecular height terraced growth of the rings with flat terraces and sharply defined steps. On the basis of these results, it is likely that the morphology of condensed molecule-based ring patterns formed by evaporation of microdroplets on surfaces can be used as a 'fingerprint' to identify, for example, solute molecule surface chemistry and concentration and function as a sensor for a variety of biochemical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-I Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Lu W, Salac D. Patterning multilayers of molecules via self-organization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:146103. [PMID: 15904081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.146103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The electric dipole interaction among adsorbate molecules may cause them to form regular nanopatterns. In a multilayer system, the self-organization of each layer is also influenced by the underlying layers. This Letter develops a phase field model to simulate the molecular patterning process. The study reveals self-alignment, scaling down of size, and the effect of guided self-assembly with embedded electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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