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Wang Y, Chen-Mayfield TJ, Li Z, Younis MH, Cai W, Hu Q. Harnessing DNA for immunotherapy: Cancer, infectious diseases, and beyond. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2112273. [PMID: 36304724 PMCID: PMC9595111 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of immunotherapy, low response rates, poor therapeutic outcomes and severe side effects still limit their implementation, making the augmentation of immunotherapy an important goal for current research. DNA, which has principally been recognized for its functions of encoding genetic information, has recently attracted research interest due to its emerging role in immune modulation. Inspired by the intrinsic DNA-sensing signaling that triggers the host defense in response to foreign DNA, DNA or nucleic acid-based immune stimulators have been used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Besides that, DNA vaccines allow the synthesis of target proteins in host cells, subsequently inducing recognition of these antigens to provoke immune responses. On this basis, researchers have designed numerous vehicles for DNA and nucleic acid delivery to regulate immune systems. Additionally, DNA nanostructures have also been implemented as vaccine delivery systems to elicit strong immune responses against pathogens and diseased cells. This review will introduce the mechanism of harnessing DNA-mediated immunity for the prevention and treatment of diseases, summarize recent progress, and envisage their future applications and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ting-Jing Chen-Mayfield
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Muhsin H. Younis
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Weibo Cai
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Garaiova Z, Melikishvili S, Michlewska S, Ionov M, Pedziwiatr-Werbicka E, Waczulikova I, Hianik T, Gomez-Ramirez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M. Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles as Carriers for gp160 (HIV-1) Peptides: Biophysical Insight into Complex Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1542-1550. [PMID: 33475368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unavailability of effective and safe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines incites several approaches for development of the efficient antigen/adjuvant vaccination composite. In this study, three different dendronized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs 13-15) were investigated for a complexation ability with gp160 synthetic peptides derived from an HIV envelope. It has been shown that HIV peptides interacted with nanoparticles as evident from the changes in their secondary structures, restricted the mobility of the attached fluorescence dye, and enhanced peptide helicity confirmed by the fluorescence polarization and circular dichroism results. Transmission electron microscopy visualized complexes as cloud-like structures with attached nanoparticles. AuNP 13-15 nanoparticles bind negatively charged peptides depending on the number of functional groups; the fastest saturation and peptide retardation were observed for the most dendronized nanoparticle as indicated from dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler velocimetry, and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments. Dendronized gold nanoparticles can be considered one of the potential HIV peptide-based vaccination platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Garaiova
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Sopio Melikishvili
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pedziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Iveta Waczulikova
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Rafael Gomez-Ramirez
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, IQAR, University Alcala, Alcala de Henares 28801, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, IQAR, University Alcala, Alcala de Henares 28801, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
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Ferrick A, Wang M, Woehl TJ. Direct Visualization of Planar Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Adjacent to Electrodes in Oscillatory Electric Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6237-6248. [PMID: 29727566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electric field-directed assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely adopted for fabricating functional thin films and nanostructured surfaces. While first-order electrokinetic effects on NPs are well-understood in terms of classical models, effects of second-order electrokinetics that involve induced surface charge are still poorly understood. Induced charge electroosmotic phenomena, such as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow, have long been implicated in electric field-directed NP assembly with little experimental basis. Here, we use in situ dark-field optical microscopy and plasmonic NPs to directly observe the dynamics of planar assembly of colloidal NPs adjacent to a planar electrode in low-frequency (<1 kHz) oscillatory electric fields. We exploit the change in plasmonic NP color resulting from interparticle plasmonic coupling to visualize the assembly dynamics and assembly structure of silver NPs. Planar assembly of NPs is unexpected because of strong electrostatic repulsion between NPs and indicates that there are strong attractive interparticle forces oriented perpendicular to the electric field direction. A parametric investigation of the voltage- and frequency-dependent phase behavior reveals that planar NP assembly occurs over a narrow frequency range below which irreversible ballistic deposition occurs. Two key experimental observations are consistent with EHD flow-induced NP assembly: (1) NPs remain mobile during assembly and (2) electron microscopy observations reveal randomly close-packed planar assemblies, consistent with strong interparticle attraction. We interpret planar assembly in terms of EHD fluid flow and develop a scaling model that qualitatively agrees with the measured phase regions. Our results are the first direct in situ observations of EHD flow-induced NP assembly and shed light on long-standing unresolved questions concerning the formation of NP superlattices during electric field-induced NP deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ferrick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park 20742 , United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park 20742 , United States
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park 20742 , United States
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Jung JH, Chiang B, Grossniklaus HE, Prausnitz MR. Ocular drug delivery targeted by iontophoresis in the suprachoroidal space using a microneedle. J Control Release 2018; 277:14-22. [PMID: 29505807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of many posterior-segment ocular indications would benefit from improved targeting of drug delivery to the back of the eye. Here, we propose the use of iontophoresis to direct delivery of negatively charged nanoparticles through the suprachoroidal space (SCS) toward the posterior pole of the eye. Injection of nanoparticles into the SCS of the rabbit eye ex vivo without iontophoresis led to a nanoparticle distribution mostly localized at the site of injection near the limbus and <15% of nanoparticles delivered to the most posterior region of SCS (>9 mm from the limbus). Iontophoresis using a novel microneedle-based device increased posterior targeting with >30% of nanoparticles in the most posterior region of SCS. Posterior targeting increased with increasing iontophoresis current and increasing application time up to 3 min, but further increasing to 5 min was not better, probably due to the observed collapse of the SCS within 5 min after injection ex vivo. Reversing the direction of iontophoretic flow inhibited posterior targeting, with just ~5% of nanoparticles reaching the most posterior region of SCS. In the rabbit eye in vivo, iontophoresis at 0.14 mA for 3 min after injection of a 100 μL suspension of nanoparticles resulted in ~30% of nanoparticles delivered to the most posterior region of the SCS, which was consistent with ex vivo findings. The procedure was well tolerated, with only mild, transient tissue effects at the site of injection. We conclude that iontophoresis in the SCS using a microneedle has promise as a method to target ocular drug delivery within the eye, especially toward the posterior pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Jung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bryce Chiang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Draz MS, Wang YJ, Chen FF, Xu Y, Shafiee H. Electrically Oscillating Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Enhanced DNA Vaccination against Hepatitis C Virus. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1604139. [PMID: 29180949 PMCID: PMC5701658 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The promise of DNA vaccines is far-reaching. However, the development of potent immunization methods remains a key challenge for its use in clinical applications. Here, an approach for in vivo DNA vaccination by electrically activated plasmonic Au nanoparticles is reported. The electrical excitation of plasmonic nanoparticles can drive vibrational and dipole-like oscillations that are able to disrupt nearby cell membranes. In combination with their intrinsic ability to focus and magnify the electric field on the surface of cells, Au nanoparticles allow enhanced cell poration and facilitate the uptake of DNA vaccine. Mice immunized with this approach showed up to 100-fold higher gene expression compared to control treatments (without nanoparticles) and exhibited significantly increased levels of both antibody and cellular immune responses against a model hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine. This approach can be tuned to establish controlled and targeted delivery of different types of therapeutic molecules into cells and live animals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shehata Draz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta 31527, Egypt. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Frank Fanqing Chen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mailstop 977, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Induced nanoparticle aggregation for short nucleic acid quantification by depletion isotachophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:840-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Park JH, Guan W, Reed MA, Krstić PS. Tunable aqueous virtual micropore. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:907-12. [PMID: 22271580 PMCID: PMC3309109 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A charged microparticle can be trapped in an aqueous environment by forming a narrow virtual pore--a cylindrical space region in which the particle motion in the radial direction is limited by forces emerging from dynamical interactions of the particle charge and dipole moment with an external radiofrequency quadrupole electric field. If the particle satisfies the trap stability criteria, its mean motion is reduced exponentially with time due to the viscosity of the aqueous environment; thereafter the long-time motion of particle is subject only to random, Brownian fluctuations, whose magnitude, influenced by the electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic effects and added to the particle size, determines the radius of the virtual pore, which is demonstrated by comparison of computer simulations and experiment. The measured size of the virtual nanopore could be utilized to estimate the charge of a trapped micro-object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Park
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Bldg. 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (U.S.A.), Phone: 865-574-4701, Fax: 865-574-1118
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (U.S.A.)
| | - Mark A. Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (U.S.A.)
| | - Predrag S. Krstić
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Bldg. 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (U.S.A.), Phone: 865-574-4701, Fax: 865-574-1118
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Sin MLY, Shimabukuro Y, Wong PK. Hybrid electrokinetics for separation, mixing, and concentration of colloidal particles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:165701. [PMID: 19420574 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/16/165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has facilitated the preparation of colloidal particles with adjustable sizes and the control of their size-dependent properties. Physical manipulation, such as separation, mixing, and concentration, of these colloidal particles represents an essential step for fully utilizing their potential in a wide spectrum of nanotechnology applications. In this study, we investigate hybrid electrokinetics, the combination of dielectrophoresis and electrohydrodynamics, for active manipulation of colloidal particles ranging from nanometers to micrometers in size. A concentric electrode configuration, which is optimized for generating electrohydrodynamic flow, has been designed to elucidate the effectiveness of hybrid electrokinetics and define the operating regimes for different microfluidic operations. The results indicate that the relative importance of electrohydrodynamics increases with decreasing particle size as predicted by a scaling analysis and that electrohydrodynamics is pivotal for manipulating nanoscale particles. Using the concentric electrodes, we demonstrate separation, mixing, and concentration of colloidal particles by adjusting the relative strengths of different electrokinetic phenomena. The effectiveness of hybrid electrokinetics indicates its potential to serve as a generic technique for active manipulation of colloidal particles in various nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Y Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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