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Miles REH, Reid JP, Riipinen I. Comparison of approaches for measuring the mass accommodation coefficient for the condensation of water and sensitivities to uncertainties in thermophysical properties. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10810-25. [PMID: 23057492 PMCID: PMC3600786 DOI: 10.1021/jp3083858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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We compare and contrast measurements of the mass accommodation
coefficient of water on a water surface made using ensemble and single
particle techniques under conditions of supersaturation and subsaturation,
respectively. In particular, we consider measurements made using an
expansion chamber, a continuous flow streamwise thermal gradient cloud
condensation nuclei chamber, the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction
Simulator, aerosol optical tweezers, and electrodynamic balances.
Although this assessment is not intended to be comprehensive, these
five techniques are complementary in their approach and give values
that span the range from near 0.1 to 1.0 for the mass accommodation
coefficient. We use the same semianalytical treatment to assess the
sensitivities of the measurements made by the various techniques to
thermophysical quantities (diffusion constants, thermal conductivities,
saturation pressure of water, latent heat, and solution density) and
experimental parameters (saturation value and temperature). This represents
the first effort to assess and compare measurements made by different
techniques to attempt to reduce the uncertainty in the value of the
mass accommodation coefficient. Broadly, we show that the measurements
are consistent within the uncertainties inherent to the thermophysical
and experimental parameters and that the value of the mass accommodation
coefficient should be considered to be larger than 0.5. Accurate control
and measurement of the saturation ratio is shown to be critical for
a successful investigation of the surface transport kinetics during
condensation/evaporation. This invariably requires accurate knowledge
of the partial pressure of water, the system temperature, the droplet
curvature and the saturation pressure of water. Further, the importance
of including and quantifying the transport of heat in interpreting
droplet measurements is highlighted; the particular issues associated
with interpreting measurements of condensation/evaporation rates with
varying pressure are discussed, measurements that are important for
resolving the relative importance of gas diffusional transport and
surface kinetics.
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Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Reid JP. Exploring the complexity of aerosol particle properties and processes using single particle techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6631-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR76-109. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Leah R. Williams
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - John T. Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Wagner R, Benz S, Bunz H, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Leisner T, Ebert V. Infrared Optical Constants of Highly Diluted Sulfuric Acid Solution Droplets at Cirrus Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11661-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8066102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Benz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmut Bunz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Schnaiter
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Ebert
- University of Heidelberg, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Barahona D, Nenes A. Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation in large-scale models: Homogeneous nucleation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Mass accommodation and chemical reactions at gas-liquid interfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 106:1323-54. [PMID: 16608183 DOI: 10.1021/cr040366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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Mitchem L, Buajarern J, Hopkins RJ, Ward AD, Gilham RJJ, Johnston RL, Reid JP. Spectroscopy of Growing and Evaporating Water Droplets: Exploring the Variation in Equilibrium Droplet Size with Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8116-25. [PMID: 16805498 DOI: 10.1021/jp061135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the thermodynamic properties of a single liquid aerosol droplet can be explored through the combination of a single-beam gradient force optical trap with Raman spectroscopy. A single aqueous droplet, 2-6 microm in radius, can be trapped in air indefinitely and the response of the particle to variations in relative humidity investigated. The Raman spectrum provides a unique fingerprint of droplet composition, temperature, and size. Spontaneous Raman scattering is shown to be consistent with that from a bulk phase sample, with the shape of the OH stretching band dependent on the concentration of sodium chloride in the aqueous phase and on the polarization of the scattered light. Stimulated Raman scattering at wavelengths commensurate with whispering gallery modes is demonstrated to provide a method for determining the size of the trapped droplet with nanometer precision and with a time resolution of 1 s. The polarization dependence of the stimulated scatter is consistent with the dependence observed for the spontaneous scatter from the droplet. By characterizing the spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering from the droplet, we demonstrate that it is possible to measure the equilibrium size and composition of an aqueous droplet with variation in relative humidity. For this benchmark study we investigate the variation in equilibrium size with relative humidity for a simple binary sodium chloride/aqueous aerosol, a typical representative inorganic/aqueous aerosol that has been studied extensively in the literature. The measured equilibrium sizes are shown to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of Köhler theory. We suggest that this approach could provide an important new strategy for characterizing the thermodynamic properties and kinetics of transformation of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Glass SV, Park SC, Nathanson GM. Evaporation of Water and Uptake of HCl and HBr through Hexanol Films at the Surface of Supercooled Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7593-601. [PMID: 16774202 DOI: 10.1021/jp057260t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum evaporation and molecular beam scattering experiments have been used to monitor the loss of water and dissolution of HCl and HBr in deuterated sulfuric acid at 213 K containing 0 to 100 mM hexanol. The addition of 1-hexanol to the acid creates a surface film of hexyl species. This film becomes more compact with decreasing acidity, ranging from approximately 62% to approximately 68% of maximum packing on 68 to 56 wt % D(2)SO(4), respectively. D(2)O evaporation from 68 wt % acid remains unaltered by the hexyl film, where it is most porous, but is impeded by approximately 20% from 56 and 60 wt % acid. H --> D exchange experiments further indicate that the hexyl film on 68 wt % acid enhances conversion of HCl and HBr into DCl and DBr, which is interpreted as an increase in HCl and HBr entry into the bulk acid. For this permeable hexyl film, the hydroxyl groups of surface hexanol molecules may assist uptake by providing extra sites for HCl and HBr hydrogen bonding and dissociation. In contrast, HCl --> DCl exchange in 60 wt % D(2)SO(4) at first rises with hexyl surface coverage but then drops back to the bare acid value as the hexyl species pack more tightly. HCl entry is actually diminished by the hexyl film on 56 wt % acid, where the film is most compact. These experiments reveal a transition from a porous hexanol film on 68 wt % sulfuric acid that enhances HCl and HBr uptake to one on 56 wt % acid that slightly impedes HCl and D(2)O transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel V Glass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, 53706, USA
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Lawrence JR, Glass SV, Nathanson GM. Evaporation of Water through Butanol Films at the Surface of Supercooled Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7449-57. [PMID: 16834114 DOI: 10.1021/jp050042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evaporation of water was monitored from 60, 64, and 68 wt % D(2)SO(4) at 213 K containing 0-0.18 M 1-butanol. Measurements were performed in vacuum using a mass spectrometer to record the velocities and relative fluxes of the desorbing D(2)O. In addition, the surface activity of butanol in the acid was characterized by hyperthermal argon atom scattering in conjunction with surface tension and butanol evaporation measurements. The segregated butyl species reach surface concentrations of approximately 4 x 10(14) cm(-2) (approximately 80% surface coverage) at 0.18 M bulk concentration. We find that the butyl films do not impede the evaporation of D(2)O from the acid to within the 5% uncertainty of the measurements. This result implies that small, soluble surfactants such as butanol form porous films that will not alter the growth or shrinkage of supercooled sulfuric acid droplets in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Williams LR, Kolb CE, Gershenzon M. Comment on “Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Revised Analysis of Droplet Train/Flow Reactor Experiment”. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14742-6; discussion 14747-9. [PMID: 16852859 DOI: 10.1021/jp0449915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3809, USA.
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