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Rouag A, Porhiel R, Lemoine K, Leroux F, Grenèche JM, Delbègue D, Iojoiu C, Guérin K. Intimately mixed copper, cobalt, and iron fluorides resulting from the insertion of fluorine into a LDH template. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7628-7640. [PMID: 38619572 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high performance is crucial across various sectors, notably in space exploration. This advancement hinges on the development of innovative cathode materials. Our research is dedicated to pioneering a new category of cathodes using fluorinated multimetallic materials, with a specific focus on diverging from the traditional Ni, Co, and Mn-based NMC chemistries by substituting nickel and manganese with copper and iron which are more sustainable elements. Our goal is also to enhance the robustness of cathodes upon cycling by substituting oxygen with fluorine as the metal-ligand. To achieve this, an intimate composite blend of CuF2 and FeF3, through the multi-metallic template fluorination (MMTF) methodology using a layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a precursor has been designed. Each of these components was carefully selected for its distinct attributes, including high redox potential, elevated energy density, substantial theoretical capacity, and improved cyclability. The composition denoted as (Cu1.5Co0.5)2+(Fe0.75Al0.25)3+ has been selected for fluorination because it maximizes Fe3+ and Cu2+ amount in the screened LDHs. Subsequently, this particular LDH was fluorinated through solid-gas fluorination at different temperatures (200, 350, and 500 °C) using gaseous molecular fluorine (F2). A comprehensive characterization of these materials using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and inductively coupled plasma analyses (ICP-AES) was conducted, and the evolution of LDH upon fluorination has revealed an intermediate porous texture particularly sensitive to hydration. Two original crystallographic phases are else obtained by fluorination: one formed by the hydration of the amorphous intermediate compound: Cu3Fe1.5Al0.5F12(H2O)12 an anti-perovskite structure and another stabilized through the combination of solid gas fluorination and LDH precursor yielding an original CoFeF5-type phase. Raman operando during cyclic voltammetry measurement applied on a sample fluorinated at 500 °C and used as a cathode in front of lithium metal was finally conducted to validate redox activity and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderraouf Rouag
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, 24, Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Régis Porhiel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, 24, Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Kevin Lemoine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, 24, Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, 24, Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Grenèche
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Diane Delbègue
- Centre National des Etudes Spatiales, 18 avenue Edouard Belin 31 401, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5631 CNRS/INPG/UJF, 138402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Katia Guérin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, 24, Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
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Zeng A, Jiao J, Zhang H, Zhao E, He T, Xu Z, Xiao X. Slow-Released Cationic Redox Activity Promoted Stable Anionic Redox and Suppressed Jahn-Teller Distortion in Layered Sodium Manganese Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7119-7129. [PMID: 38295308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Manganese-based layered oxides are considered promising cathodes for sodium ion batteries due to their high capacity and low-cost manganese and sodium resources. Triggering the anionic redox reaction (ARR) can exceed the capacity limitation determined by conventional cationic redox. However, the unstable ARR charge compensation and Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+ ions readily result in structural degradation and rapid capacity fade. Here, we report a P2-type Na0.8Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 cathode that shows a capacity retention of 84.5% at 200 mA/g after 200 cycles. Combining in situ X-ray diffraction and multi other ex situ characterizations, we reveal that the enhanced cycling stability is ascribed to a slow release of cationic redox activity which can well suppress the Jahn-Teller distortion and favor the ARR reversibility. Furthermore, density-functional theory calculations demonstrate that the inhibited interlayer migration and reduced band gap facilitate the stability and kinetic behavior of ARR. These findings provide a perspective for designing high-energy-density cathode materials with ARR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyue Jiao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enyue Zhao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Tao He
- Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201304, China
| | - Zhenbang Xu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoling Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Aydi S, Chkoundali S, Oueslati A, Aydi A. Effect of lithium doping on the structural, conduction mechanism and dielectric property of MnNbO 4. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20093-20104. [PMID: 37409039 PMCID: PMC10318950 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multifunctional materials is an exceptional research area, which is aimed at enhancing the versatility of materials according to their wide fields of application. Special interest was devoted here to lithium (Li)-doped orthoniobate ANbO4 (A = Mn), in particular, the new material Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4. This compound was successfully synthesized by a solid-state method and characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed the successful formation of an ABO4 oxide with an orthorhombic structure and the Pmmm space group. The morphology and elemental composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The vibrational study (Raman) at room temperature confirmed the existence of the NbO4 functional group. The effects of frequency and temperature on the electrical and dielectric properties were studied using impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the diminishing of the radius of semicircular arcs in the Nyquist plots (-Z'' vs. Z') showed the semiconductor behavior of the material. The electrical conductivity followed Jonscher's power law and the conduction mechanisms were identified. The electrical investigations showed the dominant transport mechanisms in the different frequency and temperature ranges, proposing the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in the ferroelectric phase and the paraelectric phase. The temperature dependence in the dielectric study revealed the relaxor ferroelectric nature of Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4, which correlated the frequency-dispersive dielectric spectra with the conduction mechanisms and their relaxation processes. The results demonstrate that Li-doped Li0.08Mn0.92NbO4 could be used both in dielectric and electrical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Aydi
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax B. P. 1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Souad Chkoundali
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax B. P. 1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Abderrazek Oueslati
- Laboratory of Spectroscopic and Optical Characterization of Materials (LaSCOM), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax B. P. 1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Abdelhedi Aydi
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax B. P. 1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
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Photo-accelerated fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4946. [PMID: 31666508 PMCID: PMC6821779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their exceptional high energy density, lithium-ion batteries are of central importance in many modern electrical devices. A serious limitation, however, is the slow charging rate used to obtain the full capacity. Thus far, there have been no ways to increase the charging rate without losses in energy density and electrochemical performance. Here we show that the charging rate of a cathode can be dramatically increased via interaction with white light. We find that a direct exposure of light to an operating LiMn2O4 cathode during charging leads to a remarkable lowering of the battery charging time by a factor of two or more. This enhancement is enabled by the induction of a microsecond long-lived charge separated state, consisting of Mn4+ (hole) plus electron. This results in more oxidized metal centers and ejected lithium ions are created under light and with voltage bias. We anticipate that this discovery could pave the way to the development of new fast recharging battery technologies. Here the authors show that illumination of a lithium manganese oxide cathode can induce efficient charge-separation and electron transfer processes, thus giving rise to a new type of fast lithium-ion battery charging.
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Xie Y, Jin Y, Xiang L. Tuning the Nanoarea Interfacial Properties for the Improved Performance of Li-Rich Polycrystalline Li-Mn-O Spinel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14796-14802. [PMID: 30924632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nontoxicity and low cost make LiMn2O4 a competitive cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. LiMn2O4 has a high theoretical capacity (296 mAh g-1) when cycled in the 3 and 4 V regions. However, it displays a low practical capacity (∼120 mAh g-1) because of the unavailability of the 3 V region caused by severe Jahn-Teller distortion. The present work investigated the full utilization of LiMn2O4 in both 3 and 4 V by tuning the nanoscale interfacial properties. Li-rich structures at the surface and interface of the spinel material and nanograin strain were introduced to improve the performances and were achieved by grinding LiMn2O4 and Li2O at 700 rpm for 10 h under an argon atmosphere. The product shows a high initial discharge capacity of 287.9 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C between 1.2 and 4.6 V and retains 83.2% of the capacity after 50 cycles. The nanoscale interfacial structure was clarified by spherical aberration-corrected microscopy and XRD refinement, and complex occupancies of Li and Mn were found at the interface. A correlation between the interfacial properties and electrochemical performance was established, and the improved performance could be attributed to the polycrystalline nature of the material, the unique Li-rich interfacial structure, and the slightly elevated valence state of Mn. The present results may provide insight for further evaluating the complex mechanism of controlling the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Gu T, Agyeman DA, Shin S, Jin X, Lee JM, Kim H, Kang Y, Hwang S. α‐MnO
2
Nanowire‐Anchored Highly Oxidized Cluster as a Catalyst for Li‐O
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Batteries: Superior Electrocatalytic Activity and High Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15984-15989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae‐Ha Gu
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Adjei Agyeman
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mee Lee
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Mook Kang
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Ju Hwang
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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7
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Gu T, Agyeman DA, Shin S, Jin X, Lee JM, Kim H, Kang Y, Hwang S. α‐MnO
2
Nanowire‐Anchored Highly Oxidized Cluster as a Catalyst for Li‐O
2
Batteries: Superior Electrocatalytic Activity and High Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae‐Ha Gu
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Adjei Agyeman
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mee Lee
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Mook Kang
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Ju Hwang
- Center for Hybrid Interfacial Chemical Structure (CICS)Department of Chemistry and NanoscienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Saat G, Balci FM, Alsaç EP, Karadas F, Dag Ö. Molten Salt Assisted Self-Assembly: Synthesis of Mesoporous LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 Thin Films and Investigation of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Performance of Lithium Cobaltate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1701913. [PMID: 29148619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous thin films of transition metal lithiates (TML) belong to an important group of materials for the advancement of electrochemical systems. This study demonstrates a simple one pot method to synthesize the first examples of mesoporous LiCoO2 and LiMn2 O4 thin films. Molten salt assisted self-assembly can be used to establish an easy route to produce mesoporous TML thin films. The salts (LiNO3 and [Co(H2 O)6 ](NO3 )2 or [Mn(H2 O)4 ](NO3 )2 ) and two surfactants (10-lauryl ether and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or cethyltrimethylammonium nitrate (CTAN)) form stable liquid crystalline mesophases. The charged surfactant is needed for the assembly of the necessary amount of salt in the hydrophilic domains of the mesophase, which produces stable metal lithiate pore-walls upon calcination. The films have a large pore size with a high surface area that can be increased up to 82 m2 g-1 . The method described can be adopted to synthesize other metal oxides and metal lithiates. The mesoporous thin films of LiCoO2 show promising performance as water oxidation catalysts under pH 7 and 14 conditions. The electrodes, prepared using CTAN as the cosurfactant, display the lowest overpotentials in the literature among other LiCoO2 systems, as low as 376 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 282 mV at 1 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Saat
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Pınar Alsaç
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Dag
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Improved cyclic stability by octahedral Co 3+ substitution in spinel lithium manganese oxide thin-film cathode for rechargeable microbattery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Oh SM, Kim IY, Adpakpang K, Hwang SJ. The beneficial effect of nanocrystalline and amorphous nature on the anode performance of manganese oxide for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Feng X, Tian Y, Zhang J, Yin L. The effect of aluminum precursors on the structural and electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2−xAlxO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) cathode materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Jo KY, Han SY, Lee JM, Kim IY, Nahm S, Choi JW, Hwang SJ. Remarkable enhancement of the electrode performance of nanocrystalline LiMn2O4 via solvothermally-assisted immobilization on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Improved high-rate cyclability of sol–gel derived Cr-doped spinel LiCr y Mn2 − y O4 in an aqueous electrolyte. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-011-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Sakunthala A, Reddy M, Selvasekarapandian S, Chowdari B, Selvin PC. Synthesis of compounds, Li(MMn11/6)O4 (M=Mn1/6, Co1/6, (Co1/12Cr1/12), (Co1/12Al1/12), (Cr1/12Al1/12)) by polymer precursor method and its electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baddour-Hadjean R, Pereira-Ramos JP. Raman Microspectrometry Applied to the Study of Electrode Materials for Lithium Batteries. Chem Rev 2009; 110:1278-319. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Baddour-Hadjean
- Institut de Chimie et Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182 CNRS et Université Paris XII, 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pereira-Ramos
- Institut de Chimie et Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182 CNRS et Université Paris XII, 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais, France
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Wei Y, Kim KB, Chen G. Evolution of the local structure and electrochemical properties of spinel LiNixMn2−xO4 (0≤x≤0.5). Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Paolone A, Sacchetti A, Postorino P, Cantelli R. Comment on “Effect of Chromium Substitution on the Lattice Vibration of Spinel Lithium Manganate: A New Interpretation of the Raman Spectrum of LiMn2O4”. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7587-8; discussion 7589-90. [PMID: 16851872 DOI: 10.1021/jp044931z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Paolone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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