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Wang X, Andrews L. Tetrahydrometalate species VH(2)(H(2)), NbH(4), and TaH(4): matrix infrared spectra and quantum chemical calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14175-83. [PMID: 22017260 DOI: 10.1021/jp2076148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablated V, Nb, and Ta atoms react with molecular hydrogen in excess neon at 4 K to give vanadium, niobium, and tantalum dihydrides that further react with H(2) to form VH(2)(H(2)), NbH(4), and TaH(4). The reaction products are identified by deuterium and deuterium hydride isotopic substitution. DFT and CCSD theoretical calculations are used to predict energies, geometries, and vibrational frequencies for these novel metal hydrides complex and molecules. The vanadium dihydride hydrogen complex, VH(2)(H(2)), is identified, while the niobium and tantalum tetrahydrides, NbH(4) and TaH(4,) with D(2d) symmetry structures are confirmed. Reactions of group 5 metal atoms with H(2) condensing in solid hydrogen gave VH(2)(H(2)) and the higher tetrahydride-hydrogen complexes NbH(4)(H(2))(4) and TaH(4)(H(2))(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Andrews L, Infante I, Gagliardi L. Matrix Infrared Spectroscopic and Computational Investigation of Late Lanthanide Metal Hydride Species MHx(H2)y (M = Tb−Lu, x = 1−4, y = 0−3). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:12566-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Infante I, Gagliardi L, Wang X, Andrews L. Binding Motifs for Lanthanide Hydrides: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the MHx(H2)y Species (M = La−Gd; x = 1−4; y = 0−6). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2446-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8099658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Infante
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Wang X, Andrews L, Gagliardi L. Infrared Spectra of ThH2, ThH4, and the Hydride Bridging ThH4(H2)x (x = 1−4) Complexes in Solid Neon and Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1754-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of KH and (KH)2 in Solid Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12260-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0745889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Kumagai J, Inagaki H, Kariya S, Ushida T, Shimizu Y, Kumada T. Electron spin resonance study on H6+, H5D+, H4D2+, and H2D4+ in solid parahydrogen. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:024505. [PMID: 17640135 DOI: 10.1063/1.2748046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We carried out an electron spin resonance (ESR) study on hydrogen ion radicals produced by radiolysis of solid para-H(2). In addition to quartet ESR lines proposed to be H(2) (+)-core H(6) (+) (D(2d)) ions in solid para-H(2) [T. Kumada et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 776 (2005)], we newly observed totally more than 50 resolved lines in gamma-ray irradiated solid para-H(2)-ortho-D(2) (1 mol %) and para-H(2)-HD (1 mol %) mixtures. We assigned these lines to be isotope substituents of H(2) (+)-core H(6) (+) ions such as H(5)D(+), H(4)D(2) (+), and H(2)D(4) (+) throughout the comparison of their ESR parameters with theoretical results. These results provide a conclusive evidence that H(2) (+)-core H(6) (+) ions are generated in irradiated solid hydrogens. Analysis of the EPR spectrum and ab initio calculations predicts D(2d) symmetry of the H(6) (+) ions, whereas a lowering symmetry (D(2d)-->C(2v)) induced by asymmetric nuclear wave function is observed in H(5)D(+) and H(4)D(2) (+). We also observed isotope-substitution reactions such as H(6) (+)+D(2)-->H(4)D(2) (+)+H(2) and H(6) (+)+HD-->H(5)D(+)+H(2), which are analogous to the well-known isotope-condensation reactions of H(3) (+) in dark nebula, H(3) (+)+HD-->HD(2) (+)+H(2) and HD(2) (+)+HD-->D(3) (+)+H(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kumagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of Lithium Hydride Clusters in Solid Hydrogen, Neon, and Argon. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6008-19. [PMID: 17547379 DOI: 10.1021/jp071251y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A matrix isolation IR study of laser-ablated lithium atom reactions with H2 has been performed in solid para-hydrogen, normal hydrogen, neon, and argon. The LiH molecule and (LiH)(2,3,4) clusters were identified by IR spectra with isotopic substitution (HD, D(2), and H(2) + D(2)) and comparison to frequencies calculated by density functional theory and the MP2 method. The LiH diatomic molecule is highly polarized and associates additional H(2) to form primary (H(2))(2)LiH chemical complexes surrounded by a physical cage of solid hydrogen where the ortho and para spin states form three different primary complexes and play a role in the identification of the bis-dihydrogen complex and in characterization of the matrix cage. The highly ionic rhombic (LiH)(2) dimer, which is trapped in solid matrices, is calculated to be 22 kcal/mol more stable than the inverse hydrogen bonded linear LiH-LiH dimer, which is not observed here. The cyclic lithium hydride trimer and tetramer clusters were also observed. Although the spontaneous reaction of 2 Li and H(2) to form (LiH)(2) occurs on annealing in solid H(2), the formation of higher clusters requires visible irradiation. We observed the simplest possible chemical reduction of dihydrogen using two lithium valence electrons to form the rhombic (LiH)(2) dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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Wang X, Andrews L. Zinc and Cadmium Dihydroxide Molecules: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3849-57. [PMID: 16833701 DOI: 10.1021/jp050362z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser-ablated zinc and cadmium atoms were mixed uniformly with H2 and O2 in excess argon or neon and with O2 in pure hydrogen or deuterium during deposition at 8 or 4 K. UV irradiation excites metal atoms to insert into O2 producing OMO molecules (M = Zn, Cd), which react further with H2 to give the metal hydroxides M(OH)2 and HMOH. The M(OH)2 molecules were identified through O-H and M-O stretching modes with appropriate HD, D2, (16,18)O2, and (18)O2 isotopic shifts. The HMOH molecules were characterized by O-H, M-H, and M-O stretching modes and an M-O-H bending mode, which were particularly strong in pure H2/D2. Analogous Zn and Cd atom reactions with H2O2 in excess argon produced the same M(OH)2 absorptions. Density functional theory and MP2 calculations reproduce the IR spectra of these molecules. The bonding of Group 12 metal dihydroxides and comparison to Group 2 dihydroxides are discussed. Although the Group 12 dihydroxide O-H stretching frequencies are lower, calculated charges show that the Group 2 dihydroxide molecules are more ionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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Wang X, Andrews L. One-Dimensional BeH2 Polymers: Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:610-4. [PMID: 15679391 DOI: 10.1021/ic048464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser-ablated beryllium atoms react with H2 upon co-condensation in excess hydrogen and neon to form BeH2 and (BeH2)2, which are identified through isotopic substitution and DFT calculations. Unreacted Be atoms isolated in solid neon or hydrogen are excited to the 1P0 state and react further with H2 to enhance the BeH2 and (BeH2)2 concentrations and produce (BeH2)n polymers. The series of strong infrared-active parallel Be-H-Be bridge-bond stretching modes observed for (BeH2)n polymers suggests one-dimensional structures, and this conclusion is supported by DFT calculations. The computed polymerization energy per BeH2 unit is about 33 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Kumada T, Tachikawa H, Takayanagi T. H6+ in irradiated solid para-hydrogen and its decay dynamics: Reinvestigation of quartet electron paramagnetic resonance lines assigned to H2? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:776-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b415179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of Magnesium Hydride Molecules, Complexes, and Solid Magnesium Dihydride. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Wang X, Andrews L. Metal Dihydride (MH2) and Dimer (M2H4) Structures in Solid Argon, Neon, and Hydrogen (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba): Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046046m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Gagliardi L, Pyykkö P. How Many Hydrogen Atoms Can Be Bound to a Metal? Predicted MH12 Species. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:15014-5. [PMID: 15547983 DOI: 10.1021/ja045991l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations predict the existence of new molecular species with general formula MH12, where M is a group 6 atom. The previous MHn species had n values up to 9. The new systems with n = 12 would be a new record for metal hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Physical Chemistry F. Accascina, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Andrews L, Wang X. A discharge investigation of hydrogen and deuterium atom formation, and parahydrogen and orthodeuterium reconversion. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4724-9. [PMID: 15332906 DOI: 10.1063/1.1779215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is flowed through a mild tesla-coil discharge and trapped at 3.8 K: New infrared absorptions of H2 are induced by interaction with trapped H atoms and H- anions. High purity parahydrogen and orthodeuterium samples are 1%-9% reconverted depending on the discharge pressure and recombination of atoms. Annealing the solid samples to 7 K reveals growth in p-H2 induced by o-H2, which shows that H atom recombination produces thermal nuclear spin populations. Similar results are found in discharge experiments with HD and on annealing solid HD. The observed increase in induced HD absorption by J = 1, H2 and D2 molecules formed on recombination gives approximately 1% for the H[D] atom concentration in our solid HD samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Andrews L, Wang X. Infrared Spectra of H2 Molecules Near H Atoms Trapped in Solid H2. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0494638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-4319
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-4319
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra of Thallium Hydrides in Solid Neon, Hydrogen, and Argon. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0498973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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