1
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Burke JH, Bae DY, Wallick RF, Dykstra CP, Rossi TC, Smith LE, Leahy CA, Schaller RD, Mirica LM, Vura-Weis J, van der Veen RM. High-Spin State of a Ferrocene Electron Donor Revealed by Optical and X-ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21651-21663. [PMID: 39051542 PMCID: PMC11311227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Ferrocene is one of the most common electron donors, and mapping its ligand-field excited states is critical to designing donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules with long-lived charge transfer states. Although 3(d-d) states are commonly invoked in the photophysics of ferrocene complexes, mention of the high-spin 5(d-d) state is scarce. Here, we provide clear evidence of 5(d-d) formation in a bimetallic D-A molecule, ferrocenyl cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate ([FcCc]PF6). Femtosecond optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy reveals two distinct electronic excited states with 30 and 500 ps lifetimes. Using a combination of ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared probe pulses, we capture the spectral features of these states over an ultrabroadband range spanning 320 to 2200 nm. Time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the lowest triplet and quintet states, both primarily Fe(II) (d-d) in character, qualitatively agree with the experimental OTA spectra, allowing us to assign the 30 ps state as the 3(d-d) state and the 500 ps state as the high-spin 5(d-d) state. To confirm the ferrocene-centered high-spin character of the 500 ps state, we performed X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy at the Fe and Co K edges. The Fe K-edge XTA spectrum at 150 ps shows a red shift of the absorption edge that is consistent with an Fe(II) high-spin state, as supported by ab initio calculations. The transient signal detected at the Co K-edge is 50× weaker, confirming the ferrocene-centered character of the excited state. Fitting of the transient extended X-ray absorption fine structure region yields an Fe-C bond length increase of 0.25 ± 0.1 Å in the excited state, as expected for the high-spin state based on DFT. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the high-spin state of ferrocene should be considered when designing donor-acceptor assemblies for photocatalysis and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dae Young Bae
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rachel F. Wallick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Conner P. Dykstra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas C. Rossi
- Department
of Atomic-Scale Dynamics in Light-Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Laura E. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Clare A. Leahy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Renske M. van der Veen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Atomic-Scale Dynamics in Light-Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin 14109, Germany
- Institute
of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical
University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Kaur R, Possanza F, Limosani F, Bauroth S, Zanoni R, Clark T, Arrigoni G, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM. Understanding and Controlling Short- and Long-Range Electron/Charge-Transfer Processes in Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7898-7911. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabio Possanza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Livshits MY, Turlington MD, Trindle CO, Wang L, Altun Z, Wagenknecht PS, Rack JJ. Picosecond to Nanosecond Manipulation of Excited-State Lifetimes in Complexes with an Fe II to Ti IV Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer: The Role of Ferrocene Centered Excited States. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15320-15329. [PMID: 31686500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and computational analysis of D-π-A complexes comprising FeII donors and TiIV acceptors with the general formula RCp2Ti(C2Fc)2 (where RCp = Cp*, Cp, and MeOOCCp) and TMSCp2Ti(C2Fc)(C2R) (where R = Ph or CF3) are reported. The transient absorption spectra are consistent with an FeIII/TiIII metal-to-metal charge-transfer (MMCT) excited state for all complexes. Thus, excited-state decay is assigned to back-electron transfer (BET), the lifetime of which ranges from 18.8 to 41 ps. Though spectroscopic analysis suggests BET should fall into the Marcus inverted regime, the observed kinetics are not consistent with this assertion. TDDFT calculations reveal that the singlet metal-to-metal charge-transfer (1MMCT) excited state for the FeII/TiIV complexes is not purely MMCT in nature but is contaminated with the higher-energy 1Fc (d-d) state. For the diferrocenyl complexes, RCp2Ti(C2Fc)2, the ratio of MMCT to Fc centered character ranges from 57:43 for the Cp* complex to 85:15 for the MeOOCCp complex. For the diferrocenyl and monoferrocenyl complexes investigated herein, the excited-state lifetimes decrease with increased 1Fc character. The effect of CuI coordination was also analyzed by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and reveals the elongation of the excited-state lifetime by 3 orders of magnitude to 63 ns. The transient spectra and TDDFT analysis suggest that the long-lived excited state in Cp2Ti(C2Fc)2·CuX (where X is Cl or Br) is a triplet iron species with an electron arrangement of TiIV-3FeII-CuI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , Furman University , Greenville , South Carolina 29613 , United States
| | - Carl O Trindle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Zikri Altun
- Department of Physics , Marmara University , Göztepe Kampus , 34772 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry , Furman University , Greenville , South Carolina 29613 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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4
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Khlobystov AN. Harnessing the Synergistic and Complementary Properties of Fullerene and Transition-Metal Compounds for Nanomaterial Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11301-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lebedeva
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Nanotechnology & Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Proskurnin MA, Volkov DS, Gor’kova TA, Bendrysheva SN, Smirnova AP, Nedosekin DA. Advances in thermal lens spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kremer A, Bietlot E, Zanelli A, Malicka JM, Armaroli N, Bonifazi D. Versatile Bisethynyl[60]fulleropyrrolidine Scaffolds for Mimicking Artificial Light-Harvesting Photoreaction Centers. Chemistry 2014; 21:1108-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Melomedov J, Ochsmann JR, Meister M, Laquai F, Heinze K. Aminoferrocene and Ferrocene Amino Acid as Electron Donors in Modular Porphyrin-Ferrocene and Porphyrin-Ferrocene-Porphyrin Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Ferrocenyl-amidinium compound as building block for aqueous proton-coupled electron transfer studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Melomedov J, Ochsmann JR, Meister M, Laquai F, Heinze K. Tuning Reductive and Oxidative Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Amide-Linked Anthraquinone-Porphyrin-Ferrocene Architectures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Muratsugu S, Kishida M, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H. Comparative Study of Photochromic Ferrocene‐Conjugated Dimethyldihydropyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:17314-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo‐cho, Chikusa‐Ku, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 52‐788‐6200
| | - Masa‐aki Kishida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
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11
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Stewart MH, Huston AL, Scott AM, Oh E, Algar WR, Deschamps JR, Susumu K, Jain V, Prasuhn DE, Blanco-Canosa J, Dawson PE, Medintz IL. Competition between Förster resonance energy transfer and electron transfer in stoichiometrically assembled semiconductor quantum dot-fullerene conjugates. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9489-505. [PMID: 24128175 DOI: 10.1021/nn403872x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) engage in photoinduced energy transfer with carbon allotropes is necessary for enhanced performance in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices along with the potential to create new types of (bio)sensors. Here, we systematically investigate energy transfer interactions between C60 fullerenes and four different QDs, composed of CdSe/ZnS (type I) and CdSe/CdS/ZnS (quasi type II), with emission maxima ranging from 530 to 630 nm. C60-pyrrolidine tris-acid was first coupled to the N-terminus of a hexahistidine-terminated peptide via carbodiimide chemistry to yield a C60-labeled peptide (pepC60). This peptide provided the critical means to achieve ratiometric self-assembly of the QD-(pepC60) nanoheterostructures by exploiting metal affinity coordination to the QD surface. Controlled QD-(pepC60)N bioconjugates were prepared by discretely increasing the ratio (N) of pepC60 assembled per QD in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and buffer; this mixed organic/aqueous approach helped alleviate issues of C60 solubility. An extensive set of control experiments were initially performed to verify the specific and ratiometric nature of QD-(pepC60)N assembly. Photoinitiated energy transfer in these hybrid organic-inorganic systems was then interrogated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence along with ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Coordination of pepC60 to the QD results in QD PL quenching that directly tracks with the number of peptides displayed around the QD. A detailed photophysical analysis suggests a competition between electron transfer and Förster resonance energy transfer from the QD to the C60 that is dependent upon a complex interplay of pepC60 ratio per QD, the presence of underlying spectral overlap, and contributions from QD size. These results highlight several important factors that must be considered when designing QD-donor/C60-acceptor systems for potential optoelectronic and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC 20375, United States
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12
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13
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Bandi V, El-Khouly ME, Ohkubo K, Nesterov VN, Zandler ME, Fukuzumi S, D'Souza F. Excitation-wavelength-dependent, ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in bisferrocene/BF2-chelated-azadipyrromethene/fullerene tetrads. Chemistry 2013; 19:7221-30. [PMID: 23554157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor distance, orientation, and photoexcitation wavelength are key factors in governing the efficiency and mechanism of electron-transfer reactions both in natural and synthetic systems. Although distance and orientation effects have been successfully demonstrated in simple donor-acceptor dyads, revealing excitation-wavelength-dependent photochemical properties demands multimodular, photosynthetic-reaction-center model compounds. Here, we successfully demonstrate donor- acceptor excitation-wavelength-dependent, ultrafast charge separation and charge recombination in newly synthesized, novel tetrads featuring bisferrocene, BF2 -chelated azadipyrromethene, and fullerene entities. The tetrads synthesized using multistep synthetic procedure revealed characteristic optical, redox, and photo reactivities of the individual components and featured "closely" and "distantly" positioned donor-acceptor systems. The near-IR-emitting BF2-chelated azadipyrromethene acted as a photosensitizing electron acceptor along with fullerene, while the ferrocene entities acted as electron donors. Both tetrads revealed excitation-wavelength-dependent, photoinduced, electron-transfer events as probed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. That is, formation of the Fc(+)-ADP-C60(.-) charge-separated state upon C60 excitation, and Fc(+)-ADP(.-)-C60 formation upon ADP excitation is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Bandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Feng K, Yu ML, Wang SM, Wang GX, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Photoinduced Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in a 2-Ureido-4(1H)-Pyrimidinone-Bridged, Quadruply Hydrogen-Bonded Ferrocene-Fullerene Assembly. Chemphyschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Liu JY, El-Khouly ME, Fukuzumi S, Ng DKP. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Ferrocene-Distyryl BODIPY Dyad and a Ferrocene-Distyryl BODIPY-C60 Triad. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2030-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Maes M, Sasabe H, Kihara N, Araki Y, Furusho Y, Mizuno K, Takata T, Ito O. Photoinduced electron and energy transfer processes in rotaxanes containing zinc porphyrin as pendant and [60]fullerene and ferrocene as axle ends. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron-transfer processes of a newly synthesized rotaxane containing porphyrinatozinc ( ZnP ), [60]fullerene ( C 60), and ferrocene ( Fc ) have been studied in terms of the time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption measurements in polar and nonpolar solvents. In this rotaxane, ( ZnP ; C 60- Fc ) rotax , ZnP was chosen as a pendant of a crown-ether necklace, through which an axle with C 60 and Fc at both termini was penetrated. By the selective excitation of the ZnP moiety in a nonpolar solvent, energy transfer predominantly takes place to the C 60 moiety of ( ZnP ; C 60- Fc ) rotax . In polar solvents, charge-separation process takes place via the excited singlet state of the ZnP moiety in addition to the energy-transfer process. From the nanosecond transient absorption spectra, a clear absorption band of the C 60•− moiety was observed at 1000 nm as well as a broad absorption in the 600-800 nm region due to ZnP •+, suggesting the generation of ( ZnP •+; C 60•−- Fc ) rotax in the first step. Afterward, the hole-transferring process from ZnP •+ to Fc is thermodynamically possible, although this process is not fast because of its through-space process character. The final lifetimes of the C 60•− moiety were evaluated to be 290 and 370 ns in benzonitrile and DMF, respectively. The ratios of the charge-separation rates to charge-recombination rates were ca. 1000, indicating that ( ZnP ; C 60- Fc ) rotax affords an efficient photosynthetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Maes
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshio Furusho
- Yashima Super-Structured Helix Project, JST, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 552-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Mansour H, El-Khouly ME, Shaban SY, Ito O, Jux N. Synthesis and photophysical studies of porphyrin-ferrocene conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrin-ferrocene conjugates ( P-nFc; n = 1, 2 and 4 ), which are simple examples of a donor-acceptor charge separation system, were synthesized. Their photoindued intramolecular and intermolecular processes have been investigated by time-resolved emission and nanosecond transient absorption techniques. Upon excitation of the porphyrins ( H 2P and ZnP ) moieties, an efficient fluorescence quenching of the excited singlet porphyrin is observed. It was found that the quenching efficiency increases with increasing number of attached ferrocene moieties and solvent polarity. The main quenching pathway involves (i) electron transfer from ferrocene to the singlet excited porphyrin and (ii) the heavy-atom effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mansour
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Khouly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shaban Y. Shaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Osamo Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Norbert Jux
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Lyons DM, Mohanraj J, Accorsi G, Armaroli N, Boyd PDW. A supramolecular porphyrin–ferrocene–fullerene triad. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00825g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sandanayaka AS, Sasabe H, Takata T, Ito O. Photoinduced electron transfer processes of fullerene rotaxanes containing various electron-donors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dubey RK, Kumpulainen T, Efimov A, Tkachenko NV, Lemmetyinen H. Close Proximity Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine-Fullerene Dyad: Synthesis and Photoinduced Singlet Energy Transfer. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wijesinghe CA, El-Khouly ME, Blakemore JD, Zandler ME, Fukuzumi S, D'Souza F. Charge stabilization in a closely spaced ferrocene–boron dipyrrin–fullerene triad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3301-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c000565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ziessel R, Allen B, Rewinska D, Harriman A. Selective Triplet-State Formation during Charge Recombination in a Fullerene/Bodipy Molecular Dyad (Bodipy=Borondipyrromethene). Chemistry 2009; 15:7382-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Scuppa S, Orian L, Dini D, Santi S, Meneghetti M. Nonlinear Absorption Properties and Excited State Dynamics of Ferrocene. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9286-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9047192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scuppa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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24
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Photoinduced processes of newly synthesized bisferrocene- and bisfullerene-substituted tetrads with a triphenylamine central block. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Pérez L, Shafiqul Islam DM, Araki Y, de la Cruz P, Cardinali F, Ito O, Langa F. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Branched Bis(ferrocenylacetylene)-C60Systems: Influence of the Nature of Conjugation. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Listorti A, Accorsi G, Rio Y, Armaroli N, Moudam O, Gégout A, Delavaux-Nicot B, Holler M, Nierengarten JF. Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes coupled with methano[60]fullerene: synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysics. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6254-61. [PMID: 18578489 DOI: 10.1021/ic800315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes CuPOP-F and CuFc-F have been prepared from a fullerene-substituted phenanthroline ligand and bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (POP) and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppFc), respectively. Electrochemical studies indicate that some ground-state electronic interaction between the fullerene subunit and the metal-complexed moiety are present in both CuPOP-F and CuFc-F. Their photophysical properties have been investigated by steady state and time-resolved UV-vis-NIR luminescence spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis in a CH2Cl2 solution and compared to those of the corresponding model copper(I) complexes CuPOP and CuFc and of the fullerene model compound F. Selective excitation of the methanofullerene moiety in CuPOP-F results in regular deactivation of the lowest singlet and triplet states, indicating no intercomponent interactions. Conversely, excitation of the copper(I)-complexed unit (405 nm, 40% selectivity) shows that the strongly luminescent triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) excited state located at 2.40 eV is quenched by the carbon sphere with a rate constant of 1.6 x 10(8) s(-1). Details on the mechanism of photodynamic processes in CuPOP-F via transient absorption are hampered by the rather unfavorable partition of light excitation between the two chromophores. By determination of the yield of formation of the lowest fullerene triplet level through sensitized singlet oxygen luminescence in the NIR region, it is shown that the final sink of photoinduced processes is always the fullerene triplet. This can be populated via a two-step charge-separation charge-recombination process and a less favored (3)MLCT --> (3)C60 triplet-triplet energy-transfer pathway. In CuFc-F, both of the photoexcited copper(I)-complexed and fullerene moieties are quenched by the presence of the ferrocene unit, most likely via ultrafast energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Listorti
- Molecular Photoscience Group, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Muratsugu S, Kume S, Nishihara H. Redox-Assisted Ring Closing Reaction of the Photogenerated Cyclophanediene Form of Bis(ferrocenyl)dimethyldihydropyrene with Interferrocene Electronic Communication Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7204-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8016494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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28
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Figueira-Duarte TM, Rio Y, Listorti A, Delavaux-Nicot B, Holler M, Marchioni F, Ceroni P, Armaroli N, Nierengarten JF. Synthesis and electronic properties of fullerene derivatives substituted with oligophenylenevinylen–ferrocene conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b711030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Rajkumar GA, Sandanayaka ASD, Ikeshita KI, Araki Y, Furusho Y, Takata T, Ito O. Prolongation of the lifetime of the charge-separated state at low temperatures in a photoinduced electron-transfer system of [60]fullerene and ferrocene moieties tethered by rotaxane structures. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:6516-25. [PMID: 16570949 DOI: 10.1021/jp056699i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rotaxane tethering both fullerene (C60) and ferrocene (Fc) moieties (abbreviated as (C60;Fc)rotax+) was synthesized in a good yield by the urethane end-capping of pseudorotaxane based on the crown ether-secondary amine motif. In (C60;Fc)rotax+, the C60 group serving as an electron acceptor is attached to the crown ether wheel, through which the axle with a Fc group acting as an electron donor on its end penetrates. The intrarotaxane photoinduced energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes between C60 and Fc in (C60;Fc)rotax+ have been investigated by time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence measurements with changing solvent polarity. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements of the rotaxane demonstrated that the charge-separated state (C60*-;Fc*+)rotax+ is formed mainly via the excited triplet state of C60 in polar solvents. The lifetime of (C60*-;Fc*+)rotax+ was evaluated to be 20 ns in dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature. With lowing temperature, the lifetime of (C60*-;Fc*+)rotax+ extends to 270 ns in DMF at -65 degrees C, due to the structural changes leaving C60*- and Fc*+ at a relatively long distance in the low-temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abraham Rajkumar
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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30
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Perez L, El-Khouly ME, de la Cruz P, Araki Y, Ito O, Langa F. Comparison between the Photophysical Properties of Pyrazolo- and Isoxazolo[60]fullerenes with Dual Donors (Ferrocene, Aniline and Alkoxyphenyl). European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Armaroli N, Accorsi G, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, Holler M, Moudam O, Duhayon C, Delavaux-Nicot B, Nierengarten JF. Heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes containing phenanthroline-type and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene ligands: Structure and electronic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Guldi DM, Aminur Rahman GM, Marczak R, Matsuo Y, Yamanaka M, Nakamura E. Sharing Orbitals: Ultrafast Excited State Deactivations with Different Outcomes in Bucky Ferrocenes and Ruthenocenes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9420-7. [PMID: 16848478 DOI: 10.1021/ja061120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the singlet ground and singlet/triplet excited-state features of a series of bucky ferrocenes, bucky ruthenocenes, and respective reference compounds. In the bucky ferrocene conjugates, intimate contacts between the fullerenes and ferrocenes result in appreciable ground-state interactions-suggesting a substantial shift of charge density from the electron donor (i.e., ferrocene) to the electron acceptor (i.e., fullerene). In contrast, no prominent charge-transfer features were observed for the bucky ruthenocene conjugates. An arsenal of experimental techniques, ranging from fluorescence (i.e., steady state and time-resolved) and pump probe experiments (i.e., femtosecond and nanoseconds) to pulse radiolysis, were employed to examine excited-state interactions. In the excited states, bucky ferrocene conjugates are dominated by rapid charge separation reactions (0.8 +/- 0.1 ps) to yield metastable radical ion pairs. The radical ion pair lifetimes vary between 27 and 39 ps. No charge separation was, however, found in the corresponding bucky ruthenocence. Instead, an intrinsically faster excited-state deactivation (approximately 200 ps) evolves from the heavier ruthenium center-relative to iron. This effect is further augmented by the unfavorably shifted oxidation potential in ruthenocene of about 0.61 V, which in ruthenocene (-deltaG(ET) = -0.26 eV), in contrast to ferrocene (-deltaG(ET) = 0.35 eV), renders charge separation thermodynamically unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Universität Erlangen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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33
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Sandanayaka ASD, Sasabe H, Araki Y, Kihara N, Furusho Y, Takata T, Ito O. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Processes in Rotaxanes Containing [60]Fullerene and Ferrocene: Effect of Axle Charge on Light-Induced Molecular Motion. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two rotaxanes containing [60]fullerene (C60) as pendants on a crown-ether necklace, to which ferrocene (Fc) as axle stoppers were added, have been synthesized. One rotaxane has an ammonium cation in the centre of the axle (C60;Fc)Rot+ and the other has a neutral axle (C60;Fc)Rot. Optimized structures, calculated using a molecular orbital method, suggest that in the ground states (C60;Fc)Rot+ has a shorter distance between C60 and Fc than that of (C60;Fc)Rot. In both rotaxanes, efficient intra-rotaxane photoinduced electron-transfer processes have been observed by the selective excitation of C60 which acts as a photosensitized electron acceptor. The rates and efficiencies of the charge-separation and charge-recombination processes were evaluated by time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption measurements with changing solvent polarity. From the different kinetic parameters between (C60;Fc)Rot+ and (C60;Fc)Rot, the light-induced molecular motions of these rotaxanes in the excited states and charge-separated states were separately revealed.
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