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Contribution of nitric acid and alcohol to the radiolytic degradation of TODGA in Isopar-M. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Nuñez-Reyes D, Bray C, Hickson KM, Larrégaray P, Bonnet L, González-Lezana T. Experimental and theoretical studies of the N(2D) + H2 and D2 reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23609-23617. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03971c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first kinetic measurements of the N(2D) + H2, D2 reactions below 200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Bray
- Université de Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- F-33400 Talence
- France
- CNRS
| | - Kevin M. Hickson
- Université de Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- F-33400 Talence
- France
- CNRS
| | - Pascal Larrégaray
- Université de Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- F-33400 Talence
- France
- CNRS
| | - Laurent Bonnet
- Université de Bordeaux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- F-33400 Talence
- France
- CNRS
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3
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Gupta D, Cheikh Sid Ely S, Cooke IR, Guillaume T, Abdelkader Khedaoui O, Hearne TS, Hays BM, Sims IR. Low Temperature Kinetics of the Reaction Between Methanol and the CN Radical. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9995-10003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divita Gupta
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sidaty Cheikh Sid Ely
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ilsa R. Cooke
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Théo Guillaume
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Thomas S. Hearne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brian M. Hays
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ian R. Sims
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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4
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spanien
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer Frankreich
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Uniform Supersonic Chemical Reactors: 30 Years of Astrochemical History and Future Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8618-8640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Germany
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer France
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Yelle RV, Vuitton V, Lavvas P, Klippenstein SJ, Smith MA, Hörst SM, Cui J. Formation of NH3 and CH2NH in Titan's upper atmosphere. Faraday Discuss 2011; 147:31-49; discussion 83-102. [PMID: 21302541 DOI: 10.1039/c004787m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The large abundance of NH3 in Titan's upper atmosphere is a consequence of coupled ion and neutral chemistry. The density of NH3 is inferred from the measured abundance of NH4+. NH3 is produced primarily through reaction of NH2 with H2CN, a process neglected in previous models. NH2 is produced by several reactions including electron recombination of CH2NH2+. The density of CH2NH2+ is closely linked to the density of CH2NH through proton exchange reactions and recombination. CH2NH is produced by reaction of N(2D) and NH with ambient hydrocarbons. Thus, production of NH3 is the result of a chain of reactions involving non-nitrile functional groups and the large density of NH3 implies large densities for these associated molecules. This suggests that amine and imine functional groups may be incorporated as well in other, more complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger V Yelle
- Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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8
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Costes M, Naulin C. Integral and differential cross sections of reactions relevant to astrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9154-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c003656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Xin YN, Zhao M, Li ZS, Xiong W, Song X, Hou H, Wang B. Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of Imidogen with Fulminic Acid. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:2021-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Balucani N. Elementary reactions and their role in gas-phase prebiotic chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2304-2335. [PMID: 19564951 PMCID: PMC2695279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex organic molecules in a reactor filled with gaseous mixtures possibly reproducing the primitive terrestrial atmosphere and ocean demonstrated more than 50 years ago that inorganic synthesis of prebiotic molecules is possible, provided that some form of energy is provided to the system. After that groundbreaking experiment, gas-phase prebiotic molecules have been observed in a wide variety of extraterrestrial objects (including interstellar clouds, comets and planetary atmospheres) where the physical conditions vary widely. A thorough characterization of the chemical evolution of those objects relies on a multi-disciplinary approach: 1) observations allow us to identify the molecules and their number densities as they are nowadays; 2) the chemistry which lies behind their formation starting from atoms and simple molecules is accounted for by complex reaction networks; 3) for a realistic modeling of such networks, a number of experimental parameters are needed and, therefore, the relevant molecular processes should be fully characterized in laboratory experiments. A survey of the available literature reveals, however, that much information is still lacking if it is true that only a small percentage of the elementary reactions considered in the models have been characterized in laboratory experiments. New experimental approaches to characterize the relevant elementary reactions in laboratory are presented and the implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; E-Mail:
; Tel. +39-075-585-5513; Fax: +39-075-585-5606
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11
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Canosa A. Gas phase reaction kinetics at very low temperatures: recent advances on carbon chemistry using the CRESU technique. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Georgievskii Y, Klippenstein SJ. Strange Kinetics of the C(2)H(6) + CN Reaction Explained. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3802-11. [PMID: 17388379 DOI: 10.1021/jp068430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we employ state of the art quantum chemical and transition state theory methods in making a priori kinetic predictions for the abstraction reaction of CN with ethane. This reaction, which has been studied experimentally over an exceptionally broad range of temperature (25-1140 K), exhibits an unusually strong minimum in the rate constant near 200 K. The present theoretical predictions, which are based on a careful consideration of the two distinct transition state regimes, quantitatively reproduce the measured rate constant over the full range of temperature, with no adjustable parameters. At low temperatures, the rate-determining step for such radical-molecule reactions involves the formation of a weakly bound van der Waals complex. At higher temperatures, the passage over a subthreshold saddle point on the potential energy surface, related to the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds, becomes the rate-determining step. The calculations illustrate the changing importance of the two transition states with increasing temperature and also clearly demonstrate the need for including accurate treatments of both transition states. The present two transition state model is an extension of that employed in our previous work on the C2H4 + OH reaction [J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 6031]. It incorporates direct ab initio evaluations of the potential in classical phase space integral based calculations of the fully coupled anharmonic transition state partition functions for both transition states. Comparisons with more standard rigid-rotor harmonic oscillator representations for the "inner" transition state illustrate the importance of variational, anharmonic, and nonrigid effects. The effects of tunneling through the "inner" saddle point and of dynamical correlations between the two transition states are also discussed. A study of the kinetic isotope effect provides a further test for the present two transition state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Georgievskii
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA.
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Smith IWM. Reactions at Very Low Temperatures: Gas Kinetics at a New Frontier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2842-61. [PMID: 16628767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in experimental techniques, especially the development of the CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) method, allow many gas-phase molecular processes to be studied at very low temperatures. This Review focuses on the reactions of molecular and atomic radicals with neutral molecules. Rate constants for almost 50 such reactions have been measured at temperatures as low as 13 K by using the CRESU method. The surprising demonstration that so many reactions between electrically neutral species can be extremely rapid at these very low temperatures has excited interest both from theoreticians and from those seeking to understand the chemistry that gives rise to the 135 or so molecules that are present in low-temperature molecular clouds in the interstellar medium. Theoretical treatments of these reactions are based on the idea that a reaction occurs when the long-range potential between the reagent species brings them into close contact. The astrochemical context, theoretical studies, and the determination of the rate constants of these low-temperature reactions are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
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Smith IWM. Reaktionen bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen: Gaskinetik in einem neuen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Jin L, Ding YH, Wang J, Sun CC. Reaction mechanism of the CCN radical with nitric oxide. J Comput Chem 2006; 27:883-93. [PMID: 16544348 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possibility of the carbyne radical CCN in removal of nitric oxide, a detailed computational study is performed at the Gaussian-3//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level on the CCN + NO reaction by constructing the singlet and triplet electronic state [C(2)N(2)O] potential energy surfaces (PESs). The barrierless formation of the chain-like isomers NCCNO (singlet at -106.5, triplet cis at -48.2 and triplet trans at -47.6 kcal/mol) is the most favorable entrance attack on both singlet and triplet PESs. Subsequently, the singlet NCCNO takes an O-transfer to form the branched intermediate singlet NCC(O)N (-85.6), which can lead to the fragments CN + NCO (-51.2) via the intermediate singlet NCOCN (-120.3). The simpler evolution of the triplet NCCNO is the direct N-O rupture to form the weakly bound complex triplet NCCN...O (-56.2) before the final fragmentation to NCCN + (3)O (-53.5). However, the lower lying products (3)NCN + CO (-105.6) and (3)CNN + CO (-74.6) are kinetically much less competitive. All the involved transition states for generation of CN + NCO and NCCN + (3)O lie much lower than the reactants. Thus, the novel reaction CCN + NO can proceed effectively even at low temperatures and is expected to play a role in both combustion and interstellar processes. Significant differences are found on the singlet PES between the CCN + NO and CH + NO reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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Daugey N, Caubet P, Retail B, Costes M, Bergeat A, Dorthe G. Kinetic measurements on methylidyne radical reactions with several hydrocarbons at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2921-7. [PMID: 16189612 DOI: 10.1039/b506096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature dependences of the methylidyne radical reactions with methane, allene, methylacetylene and propene were studied. This work was carried out in a supersonic flow reactor coupled with pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques. Three Laval nozzles were designed to provide uniform supersonic expansions of nitrogen at Mach 2 and of argon at Mach 2 and 3 to reach low temperatures, e.g. 170, 128 and 77 K, respectively. CH radicals were produced by PLP of CHBr3 at 266 nm and probed by LIF. The exponential decays of the CH fluorescence were acquired, hydrocarbons being introduced in excess. The rate constants for the CH+CH4 reaction are in good agreement with the temperature dependence proposed by Canosa et al. (A. Canosa, I. R. Sims, D. Travers, I. W. M. Smith and B. R. Rowe, Astron. Astrophys., 1997, 323, 644-651, ) i.e. 3.96x10(-8)(T/K)(-1.04) exp(-36.1 K/T) in the range 23-298 K. The rate constants of the CH+C3H4(allene), CH+C3H4(methylacetylene) and CH+C3H6(propene) reactions exhibit a small temperature dependence between 77 and 170 K, with a maximum rate around 100 K close to (4.3-4.6)x10(-10) cm3 molecule-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Daugey
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR5803, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France
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Mullen C, Smith MA. Temperature Dependence and Kinetic Isotope Effects for the OH + HBr Reaction and H/D Isotopic Variants at Low Temperatures (53−135 K) Measured Using a Pulsed Supersonic Laval Nozzle Flow Reactor. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3893-902. [PMID: 16833707 DOI: 10.1021/jp045540n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of OH + HBr and all isotopic variants have been measured in a pulsed supersonic Laval nozzle flow reactor between 53 and 135 K, using a pulsed DC discharge to create the radical species and laser induced fluorescence on the A 2sigma <-- X 2pi (v' = 1 <-- v'' = 0) transition. All reactions are found to possess an inverse temperature dependence, in accord with previous work, and are fit to the form k = A(T/298)(-n), with k1 (OH + HBr) = (10.84 +/- 0.31) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-0.67+/-0.02) cm3/s, k2 (OD + HBr) = (6.43 +/- 2.60) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-1.19+/-0.26) cm3/s, k3 (OH + DBr) = (5.89 +/- 1.93) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-0.76+/-0.22) cm3/s, and k4 (OD + DBr) = (4.71 +/- 1.56) x 10(-12) (T/298)(-1.09+/-0.21) cm3/s. A global fit of k vs T over the temperature range 23-360 K, including the new OH + HBr data, yields kT = (1.06 +/- 0.02) x 10(-11) (T/298)(-0.90+/-0.11) cm3/s, and (0.96 +/- 0.02) x 10(-11) (T/298)(-0.90+/-0.03) exp((-2.88+/-1.82 K)/T) cm3/s, in accord with previous fits. In addition, the primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects are found to be independent of temperature within experimental error over the range investigated and take on the value of (kH/kD)(AVG) = 1.64 for the primary effect and (kH/kD)(AVG) = 0.87 for the secondary effect. These results are discussed within the context of current experimental and theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Dr., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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