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Liu Z, Yang Y, Yan Y, Yao X, Zhang F, Jia J, Li Y. Structural and Chemical Bonding Properties of AuS 2H 0/-: A Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1646-1655. [PMID: 38414332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy was employed to investigate the geometrical and electronic properties of AuS2H-/0. The comprehensive comparison between the experiment and theoretical calculations establishes that the ground-state AuS2H- anion has a mixed-ligand structure [SAuSH]- with an unsymmetrical S-Au-S unit. Further chemical bonding analyses on AuS2H and comparison with the isoelectronic AuS2- suggest that the unique S-Au-S unit in these species features two three-center, three-electron π-bonding, and one three-center, two-electron σ-bonding. The isoelectronic replacement of the extra electron in AuS2- by the H atom can lead to σ bonding evolution from the electron-sharing bond to the dative bond. These findings are conducive to the fundamental understanding of the intrinsic stability of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters and their delicate ligand design to achieve desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yao
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
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2
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Mehnen B, Żuchowski P, Kedziera D, Linguerri R, Hochlaf M. Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of the AuO + Cation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8119-8126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Mehnen
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadz Street 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Żuchowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadz Street 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kedziera
- Department of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Roberto Linguerri
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454 Champs sur Marne, France
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454 Champs sur Marne, France
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3
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Kim J, Yoon K, Shin H, Oh D, Lim JS. Multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster study of Gold monosulfide (AuS) including spin–orbit coupling. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1922774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonghan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Shin
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dakyeung Oh
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Lim
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Science of Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhu Z, Marshall M, Harris RM, Bowen KH, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA. Th 2O -, Th 2Au -, and Th 2AuO 1,2- Anions: Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization of Energetics and Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:258-271. [PMID: 33327720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The observation and characterization of the anions: Th2O-, Th2Au-, and Th2AuO1,2- is reported. These species were studied through a synergetic combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio correlated molecular orbital theory calculations at the CCSD(T) level with large correlation-consistent basis sets. To better understand the energetics and bonding in these anions and their corresponding neutrals, a range of smaller diatomic to tetratomic species were studied computationally. Correlated molecular orbital theory calculations at the CCSD(T) level showed that in most of these cases, there are close-lying anions and neutral clusters with different geometries and spin states and are consistent with the experimentally observed spectra. Thus, comparison of experimentally determined and computationally predicted vertical detachment energies and electron affinities for different optimized geometries and spin states shows excellent agreement to within 0.1 eV. The structures for both the neutrals and anions have a significant ionic component to the bonding because of the large electron affinity of the Au atom and modest ionization potentials for Th2, Th2O, and Th2O2. The analysis of the bonding for the Th-Th bonds from the molecular orbitals is consistent with this ionic model. The results show that there is a wide variation in the bond distance from 2.7 to 3.5 Å for the Th-Th bonds all of which are less than twice the atomic radius of Th of 3.6 Å. The bond distances encompass bond orders from 4 to 0. There can be different bond orders for the same bond distance depending on the nature of the ionic bonding suggesting that one may not be able to correlate the bond order with the bond distance in these types of clusters. In addition, the presence of an Au atom may provide a unique probe of the bonding in such clusters because of its ability to accept an electron from clusters with modest ionization potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mary Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rachel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
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5
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Joshi K, Krishnamurty S, Dar MA. Surface functionalization: an efficient alternative for promoting the catalytic activity of closed shell gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23351-23359. [PMID: 33043944 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization through adsorption of ligands or non-metal atoms is considered to be an interesting and viable approach for tuning the physicochemical properties of gold clusters. Highly stable and magic numbered electronic configurations of thiolate protected gold clusters such as Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24etc. with intriguing properties are the direct manifestation of the rich chemistry of the Au-S interface. The present investigation discerns the CO oxidation activity of structurally well characterized sulphur functionalized gold cluster anions AumS4-, m = 6-10. To establish an in-depth understanding, their activities are analyzed and compared with the corresponding pristine gold clusters. It is seen that sulphur functionalization irrespective of a closed or open shell nature leads to a significant decrease in the O2 adsorption energies on the anionic gold clusters. However, in sharp contrast to O2 adsorption, surface functionalization gives rise to multifarious catalytic behavior in AumS4- clusters with catalytic activity ranging from low (for Au6S4-, Au8S4-) to moderate (for Au9S4-, Au10S4-) to very high (for Au7S4-) for CO oxidation. It is interesting to note that the closed shell Au7S4- and Au9S4- clusters with poor O2 adsorption show remarkably low activation barriers and enhanced catalytic activity as compared to the open shell AumS4- clusters with an odd number of electrons. In particular, in the case of Au7S4- the lowest activation energy barriers of 0.01 and 0.21 eV are obtained, making the CO oxidation reaction facile. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics are performed to confirm the enhanced catalytic behaviour of Au7S4- and its dynamical stability during the desorption of CO2 molecule from its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krati Joshi
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
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6
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Pearlman BW, Wyse IA, Evens KK, Varberg TD. Rotational and hyperfine analysis of the A2∑+ - X12π3/2 and B2∑- - X12π3/2 transitions of AuS. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1689305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian A. Wyse
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kaarin K. Evens
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
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7
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Dhaif Allah Al Harbi S, Al Mogren MM, Elmarghany A, Ben Abdallah D, Mehnen B, Linguerri R, Hochlaf M. Gold with +4 oxidation state compounds: mass spectrometric and theoretical characterization of AuO 2+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16120-16126. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using an ab initio methodology and mass spectrometric study we identify AuO2+ as a metastable species in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dhaif Allah Al Harbi
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Mogren Al Mogren
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Elmarghany
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D. Ben Abdallah
- Laboratoire de Dynamique Moléculaire et Matériaux Photoniques
- Université de Tunis
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Tunis
- 1008 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - B. Mehnen
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- 77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
| | - R. Linguerri
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- 77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- 77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
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8
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Topolski JE, Kafader JO, Marrero-Colon V, Iyengar SS, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Exotic electronic structures of SmxCe3−xOy (x = 0-3; y = 2-4) clusters and the effect of high neutral density of low-lying states on photodetachment transition intensities. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:054305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5043490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Vicmarie Marrero-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Srinivasan S. Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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9
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Parsons AJ, Gleason SP, Varberg TD. High-resolution spectroscopy of the a4Σ−3/2 − X12Π3/2 system of gold monosulphide in the near infrared. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1453095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California–San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Zhang R, Yu Y, Steimle TC, Cheng L. The electric dipole moments in the ground states of gold oxide, AuO, and gold sulfide, AuS. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064307. [PMID: 28201899 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The B2Σ- - X2Π3/2(0,0) bands of a cold molecular beam sample of gold monoxide, AuO, and gold monosulfide, AuS, have been recorded at high resolution both field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The observed electric field induced splittings and shifts were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments, μ→el, of 2.94±0.06 D and 2.22±0.05 D for the X2Π3/2(v = 0) states of AuO and AuS, respectively. A molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the trend in ground state μ→el values for AuX (X = F, Cl, O, and S) molecules. The experimentally determined μ→el are compared to those computed at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) level augmented with a perturbative inclusion of triple excitations (CCSD(T)) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Yuanqin Yu
- School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Timothy C Steimle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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11
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Ding XL, Liao HL, Zhang Y, Chen YM, Wang D, Wang YY, Zhang HY. Geometric and electronic properties of gold clusters doped with a single oxygen atom. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28960-28972. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic theoretical study on single oxygen atom doped gold clusters showed that a single oxygen atom can be adsorbed on various sites of gold surfaces, and obtain nearly one electron from gold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Heng-Lu Liao
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ya Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Yong Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science
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12
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Pichugina DA, Polynskaya YG, Kuz'menko NE. Spin and structural features of oxygen dissociation on tetrahedral Ag20 and Ag19Au clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18033-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The spin-crossing mechanism of oxygen dissociation on Ag20 and monodoped Ag19Au clusters was investigated using spin-polarized scalar-relativistic DFT. The activation energy decreases by 11–29 kJ mol−1 relative to that for the spin-conserving pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Pichugina
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Department of Chemistry
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Y. G. Polynskaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Department of Chemistry
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - N. E. Kuz'menko
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Department of Chemistry
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
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13
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Kokkin DL, Zhang R, Steimle TC, Wyse IA, Pearlman BW, Varberg TD. Au–S Bonding Revealed from the Characterization of Diatomic Gold Sulfide, AuS. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian L. Kokkin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Timothy C. Steimle
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Ian A. Wyse
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, United States
| | - Bradley W. Pearlman
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, United States
| | - Thomas D. Varberg
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, United States
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14
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Liu HT, Huang DL, Liu Y, Cheung LF, Dau PD, Ning CG, Wang LS. Vibrational State-Selective Resonant Two-Photon Photoelectron Spectroscopy of AuS(-) via a Spin-Forbidden Excited State. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:637-642. [PMID: 26262479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational state-selective resonant two-photon photoelectron spectra have been obtained via a triplet intermediate state ((3)Σ(-)) of AuS(-) near its detachment threshold using high-resolution photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled AuS(-) anions. Four vibrational levels of the (3)Σ(-) excited state are observed to be below the detachment threshold. Resonant two-photon absorptions through these levels yield vibrational state-selective photoelectron spectra to the (2)Σ final state of neutral AuS with broad and drastically different Franck-Condon distributions, reflecting the symmetries of the vibrational wave functions of the (3)Σ(-) intermediate state. The (3)Σ(-) excited state is spin-forbidden from the (1)Σ(+) ground state of AuS(-) and is accessed due to strong relativistic effects. The nature of the (3)Σ(-) excited state is confirmed by angular distributions of the photoelectron images and quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Liu
- †Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- ‡Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dao-Ling Huang
- †Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- §Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling-Fung Cheung
- §Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Phuong Diem Dau
- †Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- §Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- †Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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15
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Chen H, Kong XY, Zheng W, Yao J, Kandalam AK, Jena P. Anomalous property of Ag(BO2)2 hyperhalogen: does spin-orbit coupling matter? Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3303-8. [PMID: 23943601 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhalogens were recently identified as a new class of highly electronagative species which are composed of metals and superhalogens. In this work, high-level theoretical calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy experiments are systematically conducted to investigate a series of coinage-metal-containing hyperhalogen anions, Cu(BO(2))(2)(-), Ag(BO(2))(2)(-), and Au(BO(2))(2)(-). The vertical electron detachment energy (VDE) of Ag(BO(2))(2)(-) is anomalously higher than those of Au(BO(2))(2)(-) and Cu(BO(2))(2)(-). In quantitative agreement with the experiment, high-level ab initio calculations reveal that spin-orbit coupling (SOC) lowers the VDE of Au(BO(2))(2)(-) significantly. The sizable magnitude of about 0.5 eV of SOC effect on the VDE of Au(BO(2))(2)(-) demonstrates that SOC plays an important role in the electronic structure of gold hyperhalogens. This study represents a new paradigm for relativistic electronic structure calculations for the one-electron-removal process of ionic Au(I)L(2) complexes, which is characterized by a substantial SOC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190 (China).
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16
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Wen H, Liu YR, Huang T, Xu KM, Zhang WJ, Huang W, Wang LS. Observation of linear to planar structural transition in sulfur-doped gold clusters: AuxS−(x= 2–5). J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4802477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Visser BR, Addicoat MA, Gascooke JR, Lawrance WD, Metha GF. Spectroscopic observation of gold-dicarbide: Photodetachment and velocity map imaging of the AuC2 anion. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Willis M, Götz M, Kandalam AK, Ganteför GF, Jena P. Hyperhalogens: Discovery of a New Class of Highly Electronegative Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8966-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Willis M, Götz M, Kandalam AK, Ganteför GF, Jena P. Hyperhalogene: eine neue Klasse stark elektronegativer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Gold is known to be the noblest of all metals because of the relativistic stabilization of its outer 6s orbital. The relativistic effects also lead to destabilization of the 5d orbitals, reducing the 6s-5d energy gap and enhancing s-d hybridization. Therefore, in contrast to its lighter congeners, gold exhibits significant covalent bonding characters and a remarkable repertoire of chemistry, which are increasingly being exploited in catalysis and nanotechnology. This Perspective presents a brief account of recent experimental efforts in the author's laboratory using photoelectron spectroscopy that lead to direct observations of covalent bonding in several relatively simple Au compounds: Au oxides (AuO(-) and AuO(2)(-)), sulfides (AuS(-) and AuS(2)(-)), and the well-known Au(CN)(2)(-) complex. In a series of Au-Si and Au-B mixed clusters, it has also been found that gold atoms behave like H atoms, forming auro-silicon and auro-boron clusters with strong covalent bonding, analogous to the corresponding silicon and boron hydrides, such as the tetrahedral auro-silane (SiAu(4)) versus silane (SiH(4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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21
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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22
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Cai X, Zhang P, Ma L, Zhang W, Ning X, Zhao L, Zhuang J. Tuning Optical Properties of Magic Number Cluster (SiO2)4O2H4 by Substitutional Bonding with Gold Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4889-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Cai
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liuxue Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xijing Ning
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Gong Y, Zhou M. Infrared Spectra of Transition-Metal Dioxide Anions: MO2− (M = Rh, Ir, Pt, Au) in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4990-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900974w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gavin Williams T, Wilson AK. Importance of the quality of metal and ligand basis sets in transition metal species. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:054108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2951990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Zhai HJ, Bürgel C, Bonacic-Koutecky V, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding of Gold Oxides and Sulfides in AuOn− and AuSn− (n = 1, 2). J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9156-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor Straβe 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bürgel
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor Straβe 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonacic-Koutecky
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor Straβe 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor Straβe 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Reed ZD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Yttrium and Lanthanum Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5354-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. D. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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27
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Molek KS, Anfuso-Cleary C, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Iron Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - C. Anfuso-Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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28
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Guo J, Pugliesi I, Müller-Dethlefs K, Dessent CEH. Multidimensional Franck-Condon simulations of photodetachment spectra for the formate-water cluster anion: Investigating H atom transfer along the HCOOH+OH reaction coordinate. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:234308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2805188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Koyasu K, Niemietz M, Götz M, Ganteför G. Time-resolved study of the photodissociation of Au2O−. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Molek KS, Reed ZD, Ricks AM, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Chromium Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8080-9. [PMID: 17665887 DOI: 10.1021/jp073789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide cluster cations, Cr(n)O(m)+, are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum exhibits a limited number of stoichiometries for each value of n, where m > n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser. At either wavelength, multiphoton absorption is required to dissociate these clusters, which is consistent with their expected strong bonding. Cluster dissociation occurs via elimination of molecular oxygen, or by fission processes producing stable cation species and/or eliminating stable neutrals such as CrO3, Cr(2)O(5), or Cr(4)O(10). Specific cation clusters identified to be stable because they are produced repeatedly in the decomposition of larger clusters include Cr(2)O(4)+, Cr(3)O(6)+, Cr(3)O(7)+, Cr(4)O(9)+, and Cr(4)O(10)+.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
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31
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Zheng W, Li X, Eustis S, Grubisic A, Thomas O, de Clercq H, Bowen K. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of Au−(H2O)1,2, Au2-(D2O)1–4, and AuOH−. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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O'Brien LC, Oberlink AE, Roos BO. The Electronic Spectrum of AuO: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11954-7. [PMID: 17064183 DOI: 10.1021/jp063394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared electronic spectrum of AuO(1) has been re-examined in light of the new microwave data on the v = 0 and v = 1 vibrations of the X(2)Pi(3/2) state of AuO. The two observed bands in the spectrum, with red-degraded bandheads located at 10726 and 10665 cm(-1), have been reanalyzed. New theoretical work on AuO clarifies the electronic structure, and the bands in the infrared are now assigned as the (0,1) and (1,2) bands of the a(4)Sigma(-)(3/2) - X(2)Pi(3/2) transition, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026-1652, USA.
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33
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Yao C, Guan W, Song P, Su ZM, Feng JD, Yan LK, Wu ZJ. Electronic Structures of 5d Transition Metal Monoxides by Density Functional Theory. Theor Chem Acc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-006-0147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Wu ZJ. Density Functional Study of AuXq (X = O, S, Se, Te, q = +1, 0, −1) Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5951-5. [PMID: 16833929 DOI: 10.1021/jp0500283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, electron affinity, ionization potential, and dissociation energies of the title molecules were studied by use of density functional methods B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, BHLYP, BLYP, BP86, mPW1PW91, and PBE1PBE. It was found that the ground electronic state is doublet for neutral species, singlet for the anion, and triplet for the cation, in agreement with experiments and previous theoretical studies. The calculated properties are highly dependent on the functionals employed, in particular for the dissociation energy. The predicted bond distances and vibrational frequencies are in agreement with experiments and previous theoretical results. BP86 and BLYP have relatively good performance in reproducing the experimental results, while BHLYP is the worst functional method compared with the other density functional methods used for the title molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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