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Matsuyama H, Zhang X, Terada M, Jin T. Construction of Alkylidene Fluorene Scaffolds Using Pd-Catalyzed Direct Arene/Alkene Coupling Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:800-804. [PMID: 36700879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic method for the construction of alkylidene fluorenes and their heteroarene derivatives has been developed successfully by means of a Pd(II)-catalyzed direct C-H/C-H coupling of o-alkenyl biaryls. Use of the Pd(OAc)2 catalyst under aerobic oxidation conditions gives rise to the corresponding alkylidene fluorenes having various functional groups and diversely fused polycyclic systems. The resulting products can serve as versatile synthetic building blocks for the construction of structurally diverse polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tienan Jin
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Guo H, Zhang S, Feng X, Yu X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 2-Ethynylbiaryls to 9-Methylidene Fluorenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2596-2600. [PMID: 35389668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2-ethynylbiaryls to 9-methylidene fluorenes is described for the first time. The cycloisomerization of 2-ethynylbiaryls proceeded smoothly in the presence of weak acid at low temperature to afford 9-methylidene fluorenes in satisfactory to high yields. This new type of cycloisomerization of 2-ethynylbiaryls is operationally simple and scalable and exhibits high functional-group tolerance. Various synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen atoms, as well as formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, cyano, and nitro groups, remain intact during the cycloisomerization of 2-ethynylbiaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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Gao TB, Zhang JJ, Yan RQ, Cao DK, Jiang D, Ye D. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence from a Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4310-4316. [PMID: 29608289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission has been extensively found in organic compounds and metal complexes. In contrast, aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AI-ECL) is rarely observed. Here, we employ two tridentate ligands [2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) and 1,3-bis(1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (bbbiH3)] to construct a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex, [Ir(tpy)(bbbi)] (1), showing strong AI-ECL. Its crystal structure indicates that neighboring [Ir(tpy)(bbbi)] molecules are connected through both π-π-stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds. These supramolecular interactions can facilitate the self-assembly of complex 1 into nanoparticles in an aqueous solution. The efficient restriction of molecular vibration in these nanoparticles leads to strong AI-ECL emission of complex 1. In a dimethyl sulfoxide-water (H2O) mixture with a gradual increase in the H2O fraction from 20% to 98%, complex 1 showed a ∼39-fold increase in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity, which was ∼4.04 times as high as that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the binding of bovine serum albumin to the nanoparticles of complex 1 can improve the ECL emission of this complex, facilitating the understanding of the mechanism of AI-ECL for future applications.
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Abstract
Comparison of absorption, emission, electrochemistry and thermal properties across 14 poly(DBF)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Louis M. Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
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5
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Papanikolaou P, Mohanraj J, Czapik A, Gdaniec M, Accorsi G, Akrivos P. Capturing the geometry of the emissive state of a Cu(i) red emitter through strong intramolecular stacking forces. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3357-65. [PMID: 23233125 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papanikolaou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, P.O.B. 135, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Majumder M, Sathyamurthy N. A theoretical investigation on the effect of π–π stacking interaction on 1H isotropic chemical shielding in certain homo- and hetero-nuclear aromatic systems. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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MONDAL CHANDANKUMAR, LEE JINYONG. UNDERSTANDING OF MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS: COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633606002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantum computational chemistry has evolved dramatically. The size of molecular systems, which can be studied accurately using molecular theory, is increasing very rapidly. Theoretical chemistry has opened up a world of new possibilities. It can treat real systems with predictable accuracy. Computational chemistry is becoming an integral part of theoretical and experimental research in chemical science. In this paper, we will review our recent developments in the theoretical and computational study on some very interesting subjects such as fluorescent fluoride sensor, "on–off" molecular switch, electron transport through π-stacking, and molecular electronic device on the basis of the molecular functional levels. We provide a brief introduction about the importance of all these systems in the present scenario of scientific activity and the numerical results and discussion in the light of experimentally found results. We have enjoyed good progress in each of the above areas. We are very excited about our discoveries in each field and would like to share this enthusiasm with readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHANDAN KUMAR MONDAL
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-Dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700-032, W.B., India
| | - JIN YONG LEE
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-Dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700-032, W.B., India
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Liu H, Kang S, Lee JY. Electronic Structures and Charge Transport of Stacked Annelated β-Trithiophenes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:5113-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1045595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Theoretical study of challenging properties of intramolecularly π-stacked oligo(dibenzofulvene) organic molecular semiconductors. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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F− Preference of Polyamide Cryptand to Cl−. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Justino LLG, Ramos ML, Abreu PE, Carvalho RA, Sobral AJFN, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Conformational studies of poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)s in solution using NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11808-21. [PMID: 19663434 DOI: 10.1021/jp902666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relationships have been obtained between intermonomer torsional angle and NMR chemical shifts ((1)H and (13)C) for isolated chains of two of the most important poly(9,9-dialkylfluorenes), poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] (PF2/6) and the copolymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl) (F8BT), using DFT calculations. The correlations provide a model for NMR spectral data interpretation and the basis for analysis of conformational changes in poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-diyl)s. The correlations obtained for PF2/6 indicate that the (13)C chemical shifts of the aromatic carbons close to the intermonomer connection (C1, C2, and C3) have minimum values at planar conformations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) and maximum values at 90 degrees conformations. In contrast, the (1)H chemical shifts of the corresponding aromatic ortho protons (Ha and Hb) are greatest for planar conformations, and the minimum values are seen for 90 degrees conformations. For the F8BT copolymer, similar relationships are observed for the (1)H (Ha, Hb, and Hc) aromatic shifts. Considering the aromatic carbons of F8BT, the behavior of C2, C4, C5, and C6 is similar to that found for the PF2/6 carbons. However, C1 and C3 of the fluorene moiety behave differently with varying torsion angle. These are in close proximity to the fluorene-benzothiadiazole linkage and are markedly affected by interactions with the thiadiazole unit such that delta(C1) is a maximum for 180 degrees and a minimum for 0 degrees , whereas delta(C3) is a maximum for 0 degrees and minimum for 180 degrees. We have studied the (1)H and (13)C spectra of the two polymers at temperatures between -50 degrees C and +65 degrees C. The observed changes to higher or lower frequency in the aromatic resonances were analyzed using these theoretical relationships. Fluorescence studies on PF2/6 in chloroform solution suggest there are no significant interchain interactions under these conditions. This is supported by variable-temperature NMR results. Polymer-solvent and polymer intramolecular interactions were found to be present and influence all of the alkylic and one of the aromatic (1)H resonances (Hb). The detailed attribution of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of the two polymers was made prior to the establishment of the relationships between torsion angle and NMR chemical shifts. This was carried out through DFT calculation of the (1)H and (13)C shielding constants of the monomers, coupled with distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectra. Several DFT levels of calculation were tested for both optimization of structures and shielding constants calculation. The B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method was found to perform well in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínia L G Justino
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yan S, Lee SJ, Kang S, Lee JY. Computational Approaches in Molecular Recognition, Self-assembly, Electron Transport, and Surface Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701261547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Yan
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sang Joo Lee
- b Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics , 52, Eoeun-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kang
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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Quantum-chemical study of the effects of noncovalent interactions on the nuclear magnetic screening constants of pyrimidine base associates. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-007-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Are nucleus-independent (NICS) and 1H NMR chemical shifts good indicators of aromaticity in π-stacked polyfluorenes? Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Coropceanu V, Nakano T, Gruhn NE, Kwon O, Yade T, Katsukawa KI, Brédas JL. Probing Charge Transport in π-Stacked Fluorene-Based Systems. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:9482-7. [PMID: 16686494 DOI: 10.1021/jp060855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The molecular parameters governing charge transport along a pi-stacked fluorene chain in poly(dibenzofulvene) are studied by a joint experimental and theoretical approach involving high-resolution gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum-mechanical methods. We specifically investigate the electronic couplings between fluorene moieties as well as the intramolecular reorganization energies, for both holes and electrons. Our results indicate that a pi-stacked fluorene chain favors hole transport over electron transport. The values for electronic couplings and reorganization energies estimated here are compared with those derived recently for pentacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
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