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Work Function of Layered Graphene Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition in High Vacuum. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2023-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xu X, Guo Y, Bloom BP, Wei J, Li H, Li H, Du Y, Zeng Z, Li L, Waldeck DH. Elemental Core Level Shift in High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis and First-Principles Calculation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17704-17712. [PMID: 33284574 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are expanding their influence in many fields. To explore the electronic structures in such multielemental systems, HEA-NPs were synthesized on two different carbon substrates through carbothermal shock and in situ reduction methods. The relationship between the apparent core level energy shifts (negative or positive) and the electron density changes among the components of quinary-metal HEA-NPs was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and first-principles electronic structure calculations. It was found that Cu displays a negative core level shift while Fe, Co, Mg, Cr, and Mn display a positive core level shift. While experiments show an apparent positive core level shift for Ni, electronic structure calculations reveal that this arises from shifts in the Fermi level and that the electron density redistribution in Ni behaves more like Cu than the other elements. The findings show that the electron density redistribution in the NPs occurs from less electronegative elements to more electronegative ones. This work should guide the design of HEA-NPs to expand their potential applications in mechanical structures, medicine, catalysis, and energy storage/conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yang Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Brian P Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yankun Du
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liqing Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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