1
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Molineau J, Hideux M, West C. Chromatographic analysis of biomolecules with pressurized carbon dioxide mobile phases - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113736. [PMID: 33176241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules like proteins, peptides and nucleic acids widely emerge in pharmaceutical applications, either as synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients, or from natural products as in traditional Chinese medicine. Liquid-phase chromatographic methods (LC) are widely employed for the analysis and/or purification of such molecules. On another hand, to answer the ever-increasing requests from scientists involved in biomolecules projects, other chromatographic methods emerge as useful complements to LC. In particular, there is a growing interest for chromatography with a mobile phase comprising pressurized carbon dioxide, which can be named either (i) supercritical (or subcritical) fluid chromatography (SFC) when CO2 is the major constituent of the mobile phase, or (ii) enhanced fluidity liquid chromatography (EFLC) when hydro-organic or purely organic solvents are the major constituents of the mobile phase. Despite the low polarity of CO2, supposedly inadequate to solubilize such biomolecules, SFC and EFLC were both employed in many occasions for this purpose. This paper specifically reviews the literature related to the SFC/EFLC analysis of free amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides. The analytical conditions employed for specific molecular families are presented, with a focus on the nature of the stationary phase and the mobile phase composition. We also discuss the potential benefits of combining SFC/EFLC to LC in a single gradient elution, a method sometimes designated as unified chromatography (UC). Finally, detection issues are presented, and more particularly hyphenation to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Molineau
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Maria Hideux
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Caroline West
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France.
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2
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Tarif E, Mondal J, Biswas R. How frictional response during solute solvation controls solute rotation in naturally abundant deep eutectic solvent (NADES)? A case study with amino acid derivative containing DES. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Peters B. Secondary Effectiveness Factors and Solubility Effects for Catalytic Reactions in Series. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baron Peters
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Popov AV, Hernandez R. Solvation Dynamics in the Cybotactic Region of Gas-Expanded Liquids: A Decade Later. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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5
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Breynaert E, Houlleberghs M, Radhakrishnan S, Grübel G, Taulelle F, Martens JA. Water as a tuneable solvent: a perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2557-2569. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Water is the most sustainable solvent, but its polarity limits the solubility of non-polar solutes. Confining water in hydrophobic nanopores could be a way to modulate water solvent properties and enable using water as tuneable solvent (WaTuSo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
| | - Francis Taulelle
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
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6
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Tarif E, Mondal J, Biswas R. Interaction and Dynamics in a Fully Biodegradable Glucose-Containing Naturally Abundant Deep Eutectic Solvent: Temperature-Dependent Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9378-9387. [PMID: 31599593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new room-temperature deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of glucose, urea, and water has been prepared and its relaxation dynamics explored via temperature-dependent time-resolved fluorescence measurements employing hydrophilic and hydrophobic solute probes. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate a glass transition temperature (Tg) of ∼236 K. Measured viscosity coefficients (η) vary from ∼600 to ∼100 cP in the temperature range 318 ≤ T/K ≤ 343 and exhibit Arrhenius-type temperature dependence with an activation energy of ∼65 kJ mol-1. Interestingly, this DES forms a stable liquid at ∼300 K but is too viscous to be accurately measured by us below 318 K. Temperature-dependent dynamic fluorescence anisotropy measurements using hydrophobic and hydrophilic solutes of similar sizes reveal bi-exponential kinetics and Arrhenius-type temperature dependence for solute rotation times (⟨τr⟩) but with significantly decreased activation energies, ∼31 kJ mol-1 (hydrophobic) and ∼21 kJ mol-1 (hydrophilic). Deviation from hydrodynamics is further reflected in the strong fractional viscosity dependence of ⟨τr⟩: ⟨τr⟩ ∝ (η/T)p with p ≈ 0.3-0.5, indicating pronounced temporal heterogeneity in the relaxation dynamics. Dynamic fluorescence Stokes shift measurements (temporal resolution ∼85 ps) produce dynamic shifts of ∼500-700 cm-1, bi-exponential solvation energy relaxation with time constants in the range ∼0.2 ns and ∼4 ns, and estimated missing amplitudes of ∼65-75%. Impact of the density difference between a nonpolar solvent and this DES on the estimated missing amplitudes is explored via measuring the temperature-dependent densities and refractive indices of this DES. Lifetime measurements suggest considerable temperature dependence for the hydrophobic solute but no such dependence for the hydrophilic one. Excitation energy dependence of fluorescence emission of various solutes with widely different lifetimes indicates mild spatial heterogeneity for this DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaj Tarif
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS) , S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata 700106 , India
| | - Jayanta Mondal
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS) , S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata 700106 , India
| | - Ranjit Biswas
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences (CBMS) , S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata 700106 , India
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7
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Palafox-Hernandez JP, Mendis CH, Thompson WH, Laird BB. Pressure and Temperature Tuning of Gas-Expanded Liquid Structure and Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2915-2924. [PMID: 30848599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide-expanded liquids (CXLs) represent an important class of reaction media that provide tunability of mass transport, solvation, and solubility. Their properties have been demonstrated to provide advantages over traditional organic solvents. However, the molecular-level effects of the CO2 expansion on the structure and dynamics of the liquid that lead to this result have not been fully explored. To address this question, we have used molecular simulations to examine the behavior of two CXLs relevant to the hydroformylation of 1-octene, which has been demonstrated to benefit from the use of gas-expanded reaction media. Specifically, the phase equilibrium properties of CO2-expanded 1-octene and nonanal are calculated as functions of temperature and pressure using Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations to determine the pressure-composition phase diagrams and volume expansion. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to compute the liquid structure, diffusion coefficients, and shear viscosities. The simulated phase diagrams are in excellent agreement with previous experimental data when available, validating the models used. The MD simulations reveal a direct, linear relationship between the liquid viscosity and the volume expansion, which has not been previously reported. In contrast, deviations from such a relationship are observed for the diffusion coefficient at large volume expansion, indicating that a single Stokes-Einstein relation cannot describe the behavior at all pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pablo Palafox-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Camina H Mendis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Brian B Laird
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies , Albert Ludwigs Universität , Albertstraße, 19 79104 , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
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8
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González Prieto M, Fortunatti Montoya M, Hegel PE, Pereda S. Supercritical reactors for the production of advanced bio-fuels: A review. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Subramaniam B. Chemical Process Intensification with Pressure-Tunable Media. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s004057951706015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Clarke CJ, Tu WC, Levers O, Bröhl A, Hallett JP. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:747-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Levers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bröhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Mani Rathnam V, Lamba N, Madras G. Evaluation of new density based model to correlate the solubilities of ricinoleic acid, methyl ricinoleate and methyl 10-undecenoate in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Prediction of binary phase behavior for supercritical carbon dioxide + 1-pentanol, 2-pentanone, 1-octene or ethylbenzene via molecular simulation. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Bilal M, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Ali J, Baig JA, Arain MB, Khan M. A new tunable dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction method developed for the simultaneous preconcentration of lead and cadmium from lakes water: a multivariate study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:417-424. [PMID: 28475983 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A green tunable dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction (TDLLME) technique was established for the simultaneous enrichment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from different lakes water before analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). A solvent known as tunable polarity solvent (TPS), mixture of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1-decanol, has been employed as extractant in aqueous medium. In first step this mixture can be made polar by slowly bubbling the antisolvent trigger (CO2) through the solution, which makes a monophasic solution. During this step hydrophobic complexes of the metals with 8-hydroxy quinoline (8-HQ) were extracted by TPS. Then the mixture was switched back to hydrophobic one by heating and/or bubbling nitrogen, turning the mixture into two phases again. In second phase the metals were leached out from the complexes entrapped in TPS, by treating with a solution of nitric acid and exposing the mixture to CO2, which switched the mixture into single phase. Then N2 purging and/or heating again turned the mixture into two phases. The acidic aqueous phase containing the metals was introduced to FAAS for analysis, whereas TPS was recycled for next experiment. Different parameters, affecting the efficiency the technique, were optimized by multivariate approach. The method was applied to certified reference material of water and to a real sample spiked with standards of known concentration, to confirm its validity and accuracy. LOD obtained for Pb and Cd were 0.560 and 0.056μgL-1 respectively. The developed method was applied successfully to the real water samples of two lakes of Sindh, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
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15
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Ancherbak S, Santos C, Legros JC, Mialdun A, Shevtsova V. Development of a high-pressure set-up for measurements of binary diffusion coefficients in supercritical carbon dioxide. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:111. [PMID: 27885516 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a high-pressure apparatus for measurements of diffusion coefficients in supercritical fluids. The Taylor dispersion method has been adapted to conduct experiments at the pressures up to 25.0 MPa. In order to test the developed set-up, binary diffusion coefficients D at infinite dilution in supercritical carbon dioxide have been measured for a reference system, benzene, at temperatures in the range of 309.50-319.95 K. The effects of flow velocity, number of consecutive injections and absorbance at different wave numbers on the diffusion coefficient have been analysed. The obtained diffusion coefficients are of the order of 10-8 m 2/s and in excellent agreement with the available literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ancherbak
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - C Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004 - 535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J C Legros
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Power Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Mialdun
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Shevtsova
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Funazukuri T, Sugihara T, Yui K, Ishii T, Taguchi M. Measurement of infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of vitamin K3 in CO2 expanded methanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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18
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Exploring the enantioseparation of amino-naphthol analogues by supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1387:123-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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The many faces of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography – A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:2-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Pigaleva MA, Elmanovich IV, Kononevich YN, Gallyamov MO, Muzafarov AM. A biphase H2O/CO2system as a versatile reaction medium for organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Pütz Y, Grassberger L, Lindner P, Schweins R, Strey R, Sottmann T. Unexpected efficiency boosting in CO2-microemulsions: a cyclohexane depletion zone near the fluorinated surfactants evidenced by a systematic SANS contrast variation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6122-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05435k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradient of cyclohexane in a CO2/cyclohexane swollen micelle stabilized by fluorinated surfactants revealed by the GIFT analysis of a SANS contrast variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Pütz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - L. Grassberger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - P. Lindner
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- LSS Group
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - R. Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- LSS Group
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - R. Strey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - T. Sottmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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22
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Abstract
The liquid interface is a narrow, highly anisotropic region, characterized by rapidly varying density, polarity, and molecular structure. I review several aspects of interfacial solvation and show how these affect reactivity at liquid/liquid interfaces. I specifically consider ion transfer, electron transfer, and SN2 reactions, showing that solvent effects on these reactions can be understood by examining the unique structure and dynamics of the liquid interface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
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23
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Vennerberg D, Hall R, Kessler MR. Supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted silanization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their effect on the thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Guchhait B, Das S, Daschakraborty S, Biswas R. Interaction and dynamics of (alkylamide + electrolyte) deep eutectics: Dependence on alkyl chain-length, temperature, and anion identity. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104514. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4866178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Kraume M. Integrierte chemische Prozesse in flüssigen Mehrphasensystemen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Lee SY, Lee MH, Park Y, You SS. Modeling for Ligand-Capped Metallic Nanoparticles in a Gas-Expanded Liquids System: Surface Fraction Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300816t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical
Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 307 Gajeon-ri, Byeongcheon-myeon, Cheonan-city, Korea 330-708
| | - Mun Hyeong Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical
Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 307 Gajeon-ri, Byeongcheon-myeon, Cheonan-city, Korea 330-708
| | - YoonKook Park
- Department of Biological and
Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Korea 339-701
| | - Seong-Sik You
- Department of Applied Chemical
Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 307 Gajeon-ri, Byeongcheon-myeon, Cheonan-city, Korea 330-708
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27
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Yan K, Jarvis C, Lafleur T, Qiao Y, Xie X. Novel synthesis of Pd nanoparticles for hydrogenation of biomass-derived platform chemicals showing enhanced catalytic performance. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Benjamin I. Recombination, Dissociation, and Transport of Ion Pairs across the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Implications for Phase Transfer Catalysis. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4325-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306669t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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29
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Golmakani MT, Mendiola JA, Rezaei K, Ibáñez E. Expanded ethanol with CO2 and pressurized ethyl lactate to obtain fractions enriched in γ-Linolenic Acid from Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Li W, Liu K, Simms R, Greener J, Jagadeesan D, Pinto S, Günther A, Kumacheva E. Microfluidic Study of Fast Gas–Liquid Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3127-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ryan Simms
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dinesh Jagadeesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sascha Pinto
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Axel Günther
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S. Environment-Responsive Alkanol-Based Supramolecular Solvents: Characterization and Potential as Restricted Access Property and Mixed-Mode Extractants. Anal Chem 2011; 84:342-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2026207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Liu AH, He LN, Hua F, Yang ZZ, Huang CB, Yu B, Li B. In situ Acidic Carbon Dioxide/Ethanol System for Selective Oxybromination of Aromatic Ethers Catalyzed by Copper Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dissanayake P, Mei Y, Allen MJ. Luminescence-Decay as an Easy-to-Use Tool for the Study of Lanthanide-Containing Catalysts in Aqueous Solutions. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabani Dissanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yujiang Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Fadhel AZ, Pollet P, Liotta CL, Eckert CA. Novel Solvents for Sustainable Production of Specialty Chemicals. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2011; 2:189-210. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We discuss novel solvents that improve the sustainability of various chemical reactions and processes. These alternative solvents include organic-aqueous tunable solvents; near-critical water; switchable piperylene sulfone, a volatile dimethylsulfoxide substitute; and reversible ionic liquids. These solvents are advantageous to a wide variety of reactions because they reduce waste and energy demand by coupling homogeneous reactions with heterogeneous separations, acting as in situ acid or base catalysts, and providing simple and efficient postreaction separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Z. Fadhel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Pamela Pollet
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;, , ,
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;, , ,
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Combining the benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with tunable solvents and nearcritical water. Molecules 2010; 15:8400-24. [PMID: 21081860 PMCID: PMC6259171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest advantage of heterogeneous catalysis is the ease of separation, while the disadvantages are often limited activity and selectivity. We report solvents that use tunable phase behavior to achieve homogeneous catalysis with ease of separation. Tunable solvents are homogeneous mixtures of water or polyethylene glycol with organics such as acetonitrile, dioxane, and THF that can be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Modest pressures of a soluble gas, generally CO2, achieve facile post-reaction heterogeneous separation of products from the catalyst. Examples shown here are rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene and p-methylstyrene and palladium catalyzed C-O coupling to produce o-tolyl-3,5-xylyl ether and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol. Both were successfully carried out in homogeneous tunable solvents followed by separation efficiencies of up to 99% with CO2 pressures of 3 MPa. Further examples in tunable solvents are enzyme catalyzed reactions such as kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethyl acetate and hydrolysis of 2-phenylethyl acetate (2PEA) to 2-phenylethanol (2PE). Another tunable solvent is nearcritical water (NCW), whose unique properties offer advantages for developing sustainable alternatives to traditional processes. Some examples discussed are Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, hydrolysis of benzoate esters, and water-catalyzed deprotection of N-Boc-protected amine compounds.
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Pollet P, Hart RJ, Eckert CA, Liotta CL. Organic aqueous tunable solvents (OATS): a vehicle for coupling reactions and separations. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1237-45. [PMID: 20565064 DOI: 10.1021/ar100036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In laboratory-based chemical synthesis, the choice of the solvent and the means of product purification are rarely determined by cost or environmental impact considerations. When a reaction is scaled up for industrial applications, however, these choices are critical: the separation of product from the solvent, starting materials, and byproduct usually constitutes 60-80% of the overall cost of a process. In response, researchers have developed solvents and solvent-handling methods to optimize both the reaction and the subsequent separation steps on the manufacturing scale. These include "switchable" solvents, which are designed so that their physical properties can be changed abruptly, as well as "tunable" solvents, wherein the solvent's properties change continuously through the application of an external stimulus. In this Account, we describe the organic aqueous tunable solvent (OATS) system, examining two instructive and successful areas of application of OATS as well as its clear potential for further refinement. OATS systems address the limitations of biphasic processes by optimizing reactions and separations simultaneously. The reaction is performed homogeneously in a miscible aqueous-organic solvent mixture, such as water-tetrahydrofuran (THF). The efficient product separation is conducted heterogeneously by the simple addition of modest pressures of CO(2) (50-60 bar) to the system. Under these conditions, the water-THF phase splits into two relatively immiscible phases: the organic THF phase contains the hydrophobic product, and the aqueous phase contains the hydrophilic catalyst. We take advantage of the unique properties of OATS to develop environmentally benign and cost-competitive processes relevant in industrial applications. Specifically, we describe the use of OATS for optimizing the reaction, separation, design, and recycling of (i) Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins such as 1-octene and (ii) enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2-phenylacetate. We discuss the advantages of these OATS systems over more traditional processes. We also consider future directions that can be taken with these proven systems as well as related innovations that have recently been reported, including the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a tunable adjunct in the solvent and the substitution of propane for CO(2) as the external stimulus. OATS systems in fact represent the ultimate goal for a sustainable process, because in an idealized setup there is only reactant coming in and product going out; in principle, there is no waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pollet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Ryan J. Hart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Charles. L. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Subramaniam B. Exploiting Neoteric Solvents for Sustainable Catalysis and Reaction Engineering: Opportunities and Challenges. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie101543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bala Subramaniam
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Hsieh HT, Chin WK, Tan CS. Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles in CO2-expanded liquids from silver isostearate precursor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10031-10035. [PMID: 20297774 DOI: 10.1021/la100147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This approach provides a new technique to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using CO(2)-expanded liquids (CXLs) as the processing medium. A soluble form of silver carboxylate, silver isostearate (AgISt), was synthesized and characterized. The XRD and DSC analyses indicated that the methylated branched alky chains in AgISt exhibited a steric hindrance to impede the growth of layered structure of AgISt molecules, which led to the high solubility of AgISt in nonpolar solvents. By using AgISt as silver precursor, AgNPs of 2.64 +/- 0.51 nm in diameter were synthesized in CO(2)-expanded heptane with H(2) as the reducing agent. The ATR-FTIR analysis showed that the produced AgNPs were capped with isostearic acid, which was derived from the reduction of AgISt. Hence, the isostearic acid capped AgNPs were well-dispersed in heptane to form a stable silver organosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Karásek P, Planeta J, Roth M. Group Contribution Correlation for Aqueous Solubilities of Solid Aromatics, Heterocycles, and Diamondoids over a 200 K Temperature Interval. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Karásek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Planeta
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Roth
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Hart R, Pollet P, Hahne DJ, John E, Llopis-Mestre V, Blasucci V, Huttenhower H, Leitner W, Eckert CA, Liotta CL. Benign coupling of reactions and separations with reversible ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Miao CX, He LN, Wang JL, Wu F. Self-Neutralizing in Situ Acidic CO2/H2O System for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by TEMPO Functionalized Imidazolium Salt/NaNO2. J Org Chem 2009; 75:257-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902292t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xia Miao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing-Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Akiyama Y, Meng X, Fujita S, Chen YC, Lu N, Cheng H, Zhao F, Arai M. Carbon dioxide pressure induced heterogeneous and homogeneous Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions using fluorinated palladium complex catalysts. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Seki T, Andanson JM, Jutz F, Baiker A. Tracing the acetalization of cyclohexanone in CO2-expanded alcohols by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:1008-1014. [PMID: 19796482 DOI: 10.1366/000370209789379312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CO(2)-catalyzed acetalization is regarded as a promising alternative to the conventional acid-catalyzed method from a viewpoint of green chemistry (C. A. Eckert et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 2605 (2004)). We have applied in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy for elucidating and monitoring the acetalization of cyclohexanone in CO(2)-expanded ethylene glycol and methanol at 50 degrees C and 3 MPa. The ATR-IR spectra of the reaction mixtures periodically recorded with a ZnSe crystal demonstrate that ATR-IR spectroscopy is a practical tool for tracing the kinetics of acetalizations in situ. In addition, the rate of CO(2) dissolution as well as CO(2) solubility into the cyclohexanone-alcohol mixtures could be evaluated from the CO(2)-nu(3)-antisymmetric stretching band. The ZnSe ATR crystal, however, was corroded during longer use under the acidic conditions realized by the dissolution of CO(2) in the alcohols. In contrast, the corrosion did not occur when a Ge crystal was used instead of a ZnSe crystal, and therefore the application of a Ge ATR crystal is recommended for continuous long-term experiments with these media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunetake Seki
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Nelson KV, Benjamin I. Microhydration effects on a model SN2 reaction in a nonpolar solvent. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:194502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3138902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Candeias NR, Branco LC, Gois PMP, Afonso CAM, Trindade AF. More Sustainable Approaches for the Synthesis of N-Based Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2703-802. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800462w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R. Candeias
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís C. Branco
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre F. Trindade
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Matsuyama K, Mishima K. Fourier Transform Infrared Study of the Dissolution Mechanism of Poly(methyl methacrylate) in CO2-Expanded Ethanol. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:503-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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