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Valadbeigi Y, Ilbeigi V, Khodabandeh Z. Formation of anionic clusters of triols in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source: An ion mobility spectrometry and theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Studies on the Processes of Electron Capture and Clustering of Benzyl Chloride by Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154562. [PMID: 34361711 PMCID: PMC8348954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the study on the course of the benzyl chloride (BzCl) ionization process in a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (DT IMS) in which nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. BzCl ionization follows the dissociative electron capture mechanism. The chloride ions produced in this process take part in the formation of cluster ions. Using DT IMS allows for estimation of the value of the electron attachment rate for BzCl and the equilibrium constant for the cluster ion formation. The basic experimental method used in this work was to analyze drift time spectra obtained for the introduction of the sample to the spectrometer with the drift gas. The theoretical interpretation of the results is based on the mathematical description of the ion transport. This description takes into account the phenomenon of diffusion, as well as the processes of formation and dissociation of ionic clusters occurring during the movement of ions in the drift section.
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Wang W, Huang W, Chen C, Cang H, Li H. Study of Coulombic broadening in stand-alone ion mobility spectrometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:035111. [PMID: 32259918 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a method for investigating the Coulombic broadening, tcou, in an ambient pressure ion mobility spectrometer based on the analysis of peaks originating from O2 -(H2O)n and electrons. It showed that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of electrons was independent of electron density and remained at a constant contribution from the initial width of ion packets, tg, and amplifier broadening, tamp; in contrast, the FWHM of O2 -(H2O)n increased with the rise of O2 -(H2O)n density due to additional contributions from tcou and diffusion broadening tdiff. The tcou of O2 -(H2O)n was extracted from the FWHM by subtracting tg, tamp, and tdiff. The tcou of O2 -(H2O)n was found to increase from 0.14 ms to 0.24 ms as the O2 -(H2O)n density increased from 7.35 × 105 to 1.22 × 107 cm-3. The percentage of tcou in the FWHM was in the range of 45%-80%, and the Coulomb-limited resolving power decreased from 70 to 40 as the ion density increased, which indicated that the Coulomb effect was dramatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiwen Cang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
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Han H, Du S, Yan Y, Liu X, Zhu Q, Shi R, Xi S, Liu F, Zhao Z, Chu Y. Distinguishing between halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen based on the reaction kinetic parameter using negative ion mobility spectrometry at atmospheric pressure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29441-29449. [PMID: 35521110 PMCID: PMC9055957 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron adsorption ionization ion mobility spectrometry can be used to detect halogen-containing volatile organic compounds with high sensitivity. However, this traditional electron attachment detection method cannot distinguish between volatile organic compounds containing the same halogen. For different organic compounds containing the same halogen, the product ions formed by the dissociation electron attachment process are the same. In this article, we propose a novel negative corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry method to distinguish between and detect halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen according to the different electron attachment rates and reaction kinetic parameters of the different halogenated alkanes. Although these halogenated alkanes, which contain the same halogen, produce the same type of ions through the electron attachment process, their electron attachment rates are different from each other. In this work, the kinetic information is used as the fingerprint information for the tested samples to distinguish different halogenated alkanes. Five halogenated alkanes were successfully detected using this method. The results show that the method based on the electron attachment rate constant is feasible for the determination of halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen. Electron attachment ionization ion mobility spectrometry can be used to detect halogen-containing volatile organic compounds with high sensitivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Shihu Du
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Qiaofen Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Ruili Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Sixing Xi
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Hebei University of Engineering
- Handan 056038
- PR China
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
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5
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Ion mobility spectrometers and electron capture detector – A comparison of detection capabilities. Talanta 2019; 194:259-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Lu XW, Ren Y, Liu QY, Zhang T, Jiang LX, Wei GP, He SG. Electron Attachment Reaction Ionization of Gas-Phase Methylglyoxal. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13467-13474. [PMID: 30347147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGLY) plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry by serving as a key contributor to the formation of active free radicals, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol. Detection of MGLY by traditional chemical ionization such as proton-transfer reaction has several shortcomings such as parent molecule fragmentation. In this study, an electron attachment reaction (EAR) ionization method has been developed for the effective detection of MGLY. Almost no fragmentation was observed during the EAR. The generation of MGLY- anion in the EAR was further confirmed by cryogenic photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The concentration of MGLY can be calibrated by using dibromomethane (CH2Br2) as reference gas. The detection sensitivity of MGLY was estimated to be (100 ± 2) mV/ppbv (parts per billion by volume). The O2, H2O, CO2, and trace gases in ambient air have no obvious effects on the detection of MGLY- anion by the EAR ionization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Wang Y, Han H, Chang T, Liu X, Zhu Q, Liu F, Yan Y, Shen C, Chu Y. A novel method for measuring the concentration of chloroform based on kinetic parameters at atmosphere. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chen W, Hou K, Hua L, Li H. Dopant-assisted reactive low temperature plasma probe for sensitive and specific detection of explosives. Analyst 2015; 140:6025-30. [PMID: 26191543 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00816f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A dopant-assisted reactive low temperature plasma (DARLTP) probe was developed for sensitive and specific detection of explosives by a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer. The DARLTP probe was fabricated using a T-shaped quartz tube. The dopant gas was introduced into the plasma stream through a side-tube. Using CH2Cl2 doped wet air as the dopant gas, the detection sensitivities were improved about 4-fold (RDX), 4-fold (PETN), and 3-fold (tetryl) compared with those obtained using the conventional LTP. Furthermore, the formation of [M + (35)Cl](-) and [M + (37)Cl](-) for these explosives enhanced the specificity for their identification. Additionally, the quantities of fragment ions of tetryl and adduct ions such as [RDX + NO2](-) and [PETN + NO2](-) were dramatically reduced, which simplified the mass spectra and avoided the overlap of mass peaks for different explosives. The sensitivity improvement may be attributed to the increased intensity of reactant ion [HNO3 + NO3](-), which was enhanced 4-fold after the introduction of dopant gas. The limits of detection (LODs) for RDX, tetryl, and PETN were down to 3, 6, and 10 pg, respectively. Finally, an explosive mixture was successfully analyzed, demonstrating the potential of the DARLTP probe for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complicated explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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9
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Gao H, Niu W, Hong Y, Xu B, Shen C, Huang C, Jiang H, Chu Y. Negative photoionization chloride ion attachment ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of organic acids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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10
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Han H, Shen C, Chu Y, Chang T, Liu F, Li H. A novel method to determine the concentration of VOCs at atmospheric pressure. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Su D, Niu W, Liu S, Shen C, Huang C, Wang H, Jiang H, Chu Y. Electron attachment rate constant measurement by photoemission electron attachment ion mobility spectrometry (PE-EA-IMS). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Fernández-Maestre R, Wu C, Hill HH. Buffer gas modifiers effect resolution in ion mobility spectrometry through selective ion-molecule clustering reactions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2211-23. [PMID: 22956312 PMCID: PMC4597776 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE When polar molecules (modifiers) are introduced into the buffer gas of an ion mobility spectrometer, most ion mobilities decrease due to the formation of ion-modifier clusters. METHODS We used ethyl lactate, nitrobenzene, 2-butanol, and tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile as buffer gas modifiers and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry. Ethyl lactate, nitrobenzene, and tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile had not been tested as buffer gas modifiers and 2-butanol had not been used with basic amino acids. RESULTS The ion mobilities of several diamines (arginine, histidine, lysine, and atenolol) were not affected or only slightly reduced when these modifiers were introduced into the buffer gas (3.4% average reduction in an analyte's mobility for the three modifiers). Intramolecular bridges caused limited change in the ion mobilities of diamines when modifiers were added to the buffer gas; these bridges hindered the attachment of modifier molecules to the positive charge of ions and delocalized the charge, which deterred clustering. There was also a tendency towards large changes in ion mobility when the mass of the analyte decreased; ethanolamine, the smallest compound tested, had the largest reduction in ion mobility with the introduction of modifiers into the buffer gas (61%). These differences in mobilities, together with the lack of shift in bridge-forming ions, were used to separate ions that overlapped in IMS, such as isoleucine and lysine, and arginine and phenylalanine, and made possible the prediction of separation or not of overlapping ions. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of modifiers into the buffer gas in IMS can selectively alter the mobilities of analytes to aid in compound identification and/or enable the separation of overlapping analyte peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, USA
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
- Corresponding author. . (509) 335-5648, Fax 509-335-8867
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Han HY, Feng HT, Li H, Wang HM, Jiang HH, Chu YN. Electron Attachment Studies for CHCl3 Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/02/218-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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A determination of the effective temperatures for the dissociation of the proton bound dimer of dimethyl methylphosphonate in a planar differential mobility spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-010-0037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Laakia J, Pedersen CS, Adamov A, Viidanoja J, Sysoev A, Kotiaho T. Sterically hindered phenols in negative ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3069-3076. [PMID: 19705380 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Negative corona discharge atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used to investigate phenols with varying numbers of tert-butyl groups using ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). The main characteristic ion observed for all the phenolic compounds was the deprotonated molecule [M-H](-). 2-tert-Butylphenol showed one main mobility peak in the mass-selected mobility spectrum of the [M-H](-) ion measured under nitrogen atmosphere. When air was used as a nebulizer gas an oxygen addition ion was seen in the mass spectrum and, interestingly, this new species [M-H+O](-) had a shorter drift time than the lighter [M-H](-) ion. Other phenolic compounds primarily produced two IMS peaks in the mass-selected mobility spectra measured using the [M-H](-) ion. It was also observed that two isomeric compounds, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, could be separated with IMS. In addition, mobilities of various characteristic ions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene were measured, since this compound was previously used as a mobility standard. The possibility of using phenolic compounds as mobility standards is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Laakia
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Baumbach JI. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns for metabolic profiling of human breath. J Breath Res 2009; 3:034001. [PMID: 21383463 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/3/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) started to be used for direct breath analysis with respect to metabolic profiling, biomarker finding and gas trace analysis. The present review describes the basic operation of an ion mobility spectrometer including the ionization process, humidity effects and sampling procedures. To enhance the resolution, pre-separation by multi-capillary columns (MCCs) is discussed and examples for IMS chromatograms are presented. The focus is to review the analytical method IMS with respect to potential use for direct investigations of humid air in direct breath analysis but not on detailed discussion of results of specific medical application of MCC/IMS or on specific analytes found in exhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Department of Metabolomics, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Jazan E, Tabrizchi M. Kinetic study of proton-bound dimer formation using ion mobility spectrometry. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Tabrizchi M, Khezri E. The effect of ion molecule reactions on peaks in ion mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-008-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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