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Fujioka K, Weitzel KM, Sun R. The Potential Energy Profile of the HBr + + HCl Bimolecular Collision. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1465-1474. [PMID: 35196015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the HBr+ + HCl bimolecular reaction has been exploited by guided ion beam studies to probe the effect of rotational excitations and collision energies on the dynamics of the ion-molecule reactions. The current manuscript employs high-level ab initio calculations and reports the potential energy of pathways leading to various products, including HBr + HCl+, H2Cl+ + Br, H2Br+ + Cl, and H2 + BrCl+. The study shows that the intermediates involved in this reaction are connected by low-lying transition states, thus frequent isomerizations and diverse products are expected. Further, this manuscript screens the performance of 192 different combinations of computationally efficient methods and basis sets in order to identify the optimal quantum chemical method for further dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuumi Fujioka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | | | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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2
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Liang H, Zhou Z, Hua Z, Zhao Y, Feng S, Chen Y, Zhao D. A2Πu and 14Σu– States of Br2+ Studied by [1+1] Two-Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy in a Cold Ion Beam. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4609-4615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfang Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zefeng Hua
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shaowen Feng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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3
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Suits AG. Invited Review Article: Photofragment imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:111101. [PMID: 30501356 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodissociation studies in molecular beams that employ position-sensitive particle detection to map product recoil velocities emerged thirty years ago and continue to evolve with new laser and detector technologies. These powerful methods allow application of tunable laser detection of single product quantum states, simultaneous measurement of velocity and angular momentum polarization, measurement of joint product state distributions for the detected and undetected products, coincident detection of multiple product channels, and application to radicals and ions as well as closed-shell molecules. These studies have permitted deep investigation of photochemical dynamics for a broad range of systems, revealed new reaction mechanisms, and addressed problems of practical importance in atmospheric, combustion, and interstellar chemistry. This review presents an historical overview, a detailed technical account of the range of methods employed, and selected experimental highlights illustrating the capabilities of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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4
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Johnston MD, Gentry MR, Metz RB. Photofragment Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Theory of MnO . J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8047-8053. [PMID: 30226771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional and ab initio calculations, along with photodissociation spectroscopy and ion imaging of MnO+ from 21,300 to 33,900 cm-1, are used to probe the photodissociation dynamics and bond strength of the manganese oxide cation (MnO+). These studies confirm the theoretical ground state (5Π) and determine the spin-orbit constant ( A' = 14 cm-1) of the dominant optically accessible excited state (5Π) in the region. Photodissociation via this excited 5Π state results in ground state Mn+ (7S) + O (3P) products. At energies above 30,000 cm-1, the Mn+ (5S) + O (3P) channel is energetically accessible and becomes the preferred dissociation pathway. The bond dissociation energy ( D0 = 242 ± 5 kJ/mol) of MnO+ is measured from several images of each photofragmentation channel and compared to theory, resolving a disagreement in previous measurements. MRCI+Q calculations are much more successful in predicting the observed spectrum than TD-DFT or EOM-CCSD calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M David Johnston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Matthew R Gentry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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5
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Johnston MD, Lockwood SP, Metz RB. Photofragment imaging and electronic spectroscopy of Al2+. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5034353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. David Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Schuyler P. Lockwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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6
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Johnston MD, Pearson WL, Wang G, Metz RB. A velocity map imaging mass spectrometer for photofragments of fast ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:014102. [PMID: 29390723 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the details of a fast ion velocity map imaging mass spectrometer that is capable of imaging the photofragments of trap-cooled (≥7 K) ions produced in a versatile ion source. The new instrument has been used to study the predissociation of N2O+ produced by electric discharge and the direct dissociation of Al2+ formed by laser ablation. The instrument's resolution is currently limited by the diameter of the collimating iris to a value of Δv/v = 7.6%. Photofragment images of N2O+ show that when the predissociative state is changed from 2Σ+(200) to 2Σ+(300) the dominant product channel shifts from a spin-forbidden ground state, N (4S) + NO+(v = 5), to a spin-allowed pathway, N*(2D) + NO+. The first photofragment images of Al2+ confirm the existence of a directly dissociative parallel transition (2Σ+u ← 2Σ+g) that yields products with a large amount of kinetic energy. D0 of ground state Al2+ (2Σ+g) measured from these images is 138 ± 5 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M David Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Wright L Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Greg Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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7
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Vieuxmaire OPJ, Nahler NH, Jones JR, Dixon RN, Ashfold MNR. Photodissociation of state selected BrCl cations: Branching ratios and angular anisotropies of the Br product forming channels. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970500052197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Hendrik Nahler
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - J. R. Jones
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - R. N. Dixon
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - M. N. R. Ashfold
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
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8
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Sage AG, Oliver TAA, Murdock D, Crow MB, Ritchie GAD, Harvey JN, Ashfold MNR. nσ* and πσ* excited states in aryl halide photochemistry: a comprehensive study of the UV photodissociation dynamics of iodobenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8075-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Gichuhi WK, Mebel AM, Suits AG. UV Photodissociation of Ethylamine Cation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13296-302. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107913p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K. Gichuhi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - A. M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Vidma KV, Bogdanchikov GA, Baklanov AV, Chestakov DA, Parker DH. Experimental measurement of the van der Waals binding energy of X–O2 clusters (X=Xe,CH3I,C3H6,C6H12). J Chem Phys 2010; 133:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3503973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Sage AG, Oliver TA, Dixon RN, Ashfold MN. Velocity map imaging studies of the photodissociation of H2O+cations. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268971003596177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Singh PC, Shen L, Kim MH, Suits AG. Photodissociation and photoelectron imaging of molecular ions: probing multisurface and multichannel dynamics. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Chichinin AI, Gericke KH, Kauczok S, Maul C. Imaging chemical reactions – 3D velocity mapping. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903235045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Webb AD, Nahler NH, Ashfold MNR. Imaging studies of the photodissociation of NH3+ and ND3+ cations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3773-8. [PMID: 19216561 DOI: 10.1021/jp808854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Velocity map ion imaging methods have been used to study the photofragmentation dynamics of state-selected NH3+ and ND3+ cations. The cations were prepared in selected nu2+ bending vibrational levels of the ground (x2A'') electronic state by two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization of NH3(ND3), via several different nu2' levels of the and ' Rydberg states. Subsequent excitation to the A2E state by absorption of a 207.6 nm photon resulted in N-H(D) bond fission and NH2+(ND2+) fragment ion formation. These fragments exhibit isotropic recoil velocity distributions, which peak at low kinetic energy but extend to the maximum allowed by energy conservation. Such findings accord with conclusions from earlier electron induced photoionization and photoelectron-photoion coincidence studies of NH3 at similar total energies (defined relative to the ground-state neutral) and, as previously, can be rationalized in terms of excitation to the Jahn-Teller distorted state, rapid radiationless transfer via one or more conical intersections linking the and state potential energy surfaces (PESs) and subsequent unimolecular decay on the latter PES. Weak NH2+ and NH+ fragment ion signals are also observed when exciting with the ionization laser only; imaging these fragment ions provides some insights into their likely formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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15
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Kim MH, Leskiw BD, Shen L, Suits AG. Vibrationally Mediated Photodissociation of C2H4+. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7472-80. [PMID: 17622124 DOI: 10.1021/jp071348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the vibrationally mediated photodissociation dynamics of C2H4+ excited through the B2Ag state. Vibrational state-selected ions were prepared by two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization of ethylene via (pi, 3s) and (pi, 3p) Rydberg intermediate states in the wavelength range 298-349 nm. Absorption of a fourth photon led to dissociation of the cation, and images of the product ions C2H3+ and C2H2+ were simultaneously recorded using reflectron multimass velocity map imaging. Analysis of the multimass images yielded, with high precision, both the total translational energy distributions for the two dissociation channels and the branching between them as a function of excitation energy. The dissociation of ions that were initially prepared with torsional excitation exceeding the barrier to planarity in the cation ground state consistently gave enhanced branching to the H elimination channel. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of the initial state preparation on the competition between the internal conversion to the ground state and to the first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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16
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Vieuxmaire OPJ, Hendrik Nahler N, Dixon RN, Ashfold MNR. Multiphoton dissociation dynamics of BrCl and the BrCl+ cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5531-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b709222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Webb AD, Nahler NH, Dixon RN, Ashfold MNR. A velocity map imaging study of the one and two photon dissociations of state-selected DCl+ cations. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:204312. [PMID: 17144705 DOI: 10.1063/1.2390714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DCl(+)(X (2)Pi(32),v(+")=0) cations have been prepared by 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, and their subsequent fragmentation following excitation at numerous wavelengths in the range of 240-350 nm studied by velocity map imaging of the resulting Cl(+) products. This range of excitation wavelengths allows selective population of A (2)Sigma(+) state levels with all vibrational (v(+')) quantum numbers in the range 0< or =v(+')< or =15. Image analysis yields wavelength dependent branching ratios and recoil anisotropies of the various D+Cl(+) ((3)P(J), (1)D, and (1)S) product channels. Levels with 10< or =v(+')< or =15 have sufficient energy to predissociate, forming D+Cl(+)((3)P(J)) products with perpendicular recoil anisotropies-consistent with the A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi parent excitation and subsequent fragmentation on a time scale that is fast compared with the parent rotational period. Branching into the various spin-orbit states of the Cl(+)((3)P(J)) product is found to depend sensitively upon v(+') and, in the case of the v(+')=13 level, to vary with the precise choice of excitation wavelength within the A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi(13,0) band. Such variations have been rationalized qualitatively in terms of the differing contributions made to the overall predissociation rate of DCl(+)(A,v(+')) molecules by coupling to repulsive states of (4)Pi, (4)Sigma(-), and (2)Sigma(-) symmetries, all of which are calculated to cross the outer limb of the A (2)Sigma(+) state potential at energies close to that of the v(+')=10 level. Cl(+)((3)P(J)) fragments are detected weakly following excitation to A (2)Sigma(+) state levels with v(+')=0 or 1, Cl(+)((1)D) fragments dominate the ion yield when exciting via 2< or =v(+')< or =6 and via v(+')=9, while Cl(+)((1)S) fragments dominate the Cl(+) images obtained when exciting via levels with v(+')=7 and 8. Analysis of wavelength resolved action spectra for forming these Cl(+) ions and of the resulting Cl(+) ion images shows that (i) these ions all arise via two photon absorption processes, resonance enhanced at the one photon energy by the various A(v(+')<10) levels, (ii) the first A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi absorption step is saturated under the conditions required to observe significant two photon dissociation, and (iii) the final absorption step from the resonance enhancing A(v(+')) level involves a parallel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Ashfold MNR, Nahler NH, Orr-Ewing AJ, Vieuxmaire OPJ, Toomes RL, Kitsopoulos TN, Garcia IA, Chestakov DA, Wu SM, Parker DH. Imaging the dynamics of gas phase reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:26-53. [PMID: 16482242 DOI: 10.1039/b509304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion imaging methods are making ever greater impact on studies of gas phase molecular reaction dynamics. This article traces the evolution of the technique, highlights some of the more important breakthroughs with regards to improving image resolution and in image processing and analysis methods, and then proceeds to illustrate some of the many applications to which the technique is now being applied--most notably in studies of molecular photodissociation and of bimolecular reaction dynamics.
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Vieuxmaire OPJ, Nahler NH, Jones JR, Dixon RN, Ashfold * MNR. Photodissociation of state selected BrCl+cations: branching ratios and angular anisotropies of the Br+product forming channels. Mol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970500052197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Kim MH, Leskiw BD, Suits AG. Vibrationally Mediated Photodissociation of Ethylene Cation by Reflectron Multimass Velocity Map Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7839-42. [PMID: 16834162 DOI: 10.1021/jp053143m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new imaging technique, reflectron multimass velocity map ion imaging, is used to study the vibrationally mediated photodissociation dynamics in the ethylene cation. The cation ground electronic state is prepared in specific vibrational levels by two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via vibronic bands of (pi, nf) Rydberg states in the vicinity of the ionization potential of ethylene, then photodissociated through the (B 2A(g)) excited state. We simultaneously record spatially resolved images of parent C2H4+ ions as well as photofragment C2H3+ and C2H2+ ions originating in dissociation from the vibronic excitations in two distinct bands, 7f 4(0)2 and 8f 0(0)0, at roughly the same total energy. By analyzing the images, we directly obtain the total translation energy distributions for the two dissociation channels and the branching between them. The results show that there exist differences for competitive dissociation pathways between H and H2 elimination from C2H4+ depending on the vibronic preparation used, i.e., on the vibrational excitation in the ground state of the cation prior to photodissociation. Our findings are discussed in terms of the possible influence of the torsional excitation on competition between direct dissociation, isomerization, and radiationless transitions through conical intersections among the numerous electronic states that participate in the dissociation.
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