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Roguska A, Leśniewski A, Opallo M, Nogala W. Mediatorless electrocatalytic oxygen reduction with catalase on mercury–gold amalgam microelectrodes. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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2
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Analysis of the hydrogen electrode reaction mechanism in thin-layer cells. 3. Study of hydrogen electro-oxidation by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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4
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Sensing electroadsorption reactions and surface mobility of electroadsorbed species by scanning electrochemical induced desorption. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Amirfakhri SJ, Meunier JL, Berk D. Modified Glassy Carbon Rotating Disk Electrode for Determination of Heterogeneous Reaction Rate Constant of H 2O 2Decomposition. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Barton ZJ, Rodríguez-López J. Lithium Ion Quantification Using Mercury Amalgams as in Situ Electrochemical Probes in Nonaqueous Media. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10660-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502517b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Rus ED, Wang H, Legard AE, Ritzert NL, Van Dover RB, Abruña HD. An exchangeable-tip scanning probe instrument for the analysis of combinatorial libraries of electrocatalysts. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:024101. [PMID: 23464226 DOI: 10.1063/1.4776199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A combined scanning differential electrochemical mass spectrometer (SDEMS)-scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) apparatus is described. The SDEMS is used to detect and spatially resolve volatile electrochemically generated species at the surface of a substrate electrode. The SECM can electrochemically probe the reactivity of the surface and also offers a convenient means of leveling the sample. It is possible to switch between these two different scanning tips and techniques without moving the sample and while maintaining potential control of the substrate electrode. A procedure for calibration of the SDEMS tip-substrate separation, based upon the transit time of electrogenerated species from the substrate to the tip is also described. This instrument can be used in the characterization of combinatorial libraries of direct alcohol fuel cell anode catalysts. The apparatus was used to analyze the products of methanol oxidation at a Pt substrate, with the SDEMS detecting carbon dioxide and methyl formate, and a PtPb-modified Pt SECM tip used for the selective detection of formic acid. As an example system, the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation activity of a sputter-deposited binary PtRu composition spread in acidic media was analyzed using the SDEMS. These results are compared with those obtained from a pH-sensitive fluorescence assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Rus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC2), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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8
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Zuruzi AS, Nurmawati MH, Yeo YH, Wu S, Chee Hoong Lai P, Chen Z. A simple strategy to incorporate Pt into TiO2 nanosponges via wet oxidation of multilayered films. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Trzebinski J, Moniz ARB, Sharma S, Burugapalli K, Moussy F, Cass AEG. Hydrogel Membrane Improves Batch-to-Batch Reproducibility of an Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Schäfer D, Mardare C, Savan A, Sanchez MD, Mei B, Xia W, Muhler M, Ludwig A, Schuhmann W. High-Throughput Characterization of Pt Supported on Thin Film Oxide Material Libraries Applied in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1916-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102303u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schäfer
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cezarina Mardare
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alan Savan
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Miguel D. Sanchez
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bastian Mei
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wei Xia
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytische Chemie−Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, ‡Institut für Werkstoffe, §Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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11
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Jung C, Sánchez-Sánchez CM, Lin CL, Rodríguez-López J, Bard AJ. Electrocatalytic Activity of Pd−Co Bimetallic Mixtures for Formic Acid Oxidation Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7003-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Jung
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Cheng-Lan Lin
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Lu X, Wang Q, Liu X. Review: Recent applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy to the study of charge transfer kinetics. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 601:10-25. [PMID: 17904468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been proven to be a valuable technique for the quantitative investigation and surface analysis of a wide range of processes that occur at interfaces. In particular, there is a great deal of interest in studying the kinetics of charge transfer characteristics at the solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interface. This overview outlines recent advances and applications of SECM to the investigation of charge transfer reactions at the solid/liquid interface and liquid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
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Szunerits S, Pust SE, Wittstock G. Multidimensional electrochemical imaging in materials science. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1103-20. [PMID: 17602213 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years the characterization of electroactive surfaces and electrode reactions by scanning probe techniques has advanced significantly, benefiting from instrumental and methodological developments in the field. Electrochemical and electrical analysis instruments are attractive tools for identifying regions of different electrochemical properties and chemical reactivity and contribute to the advancement of molecular electronics. Besides their function as a surface analytical device, they have proved to be unique tools for local synthesis of polymers, metal depots, clusters, etc. This review will focus primarily on progress made by use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), conductive AFM (C-AFM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and surface potential measurements, for example Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM), for multidimensional imaging of potential-dependent processes on metals and electrified surfaces modified with polymers and self assembled monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), CNRS-INPG-UJF, St Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
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Xiong H, Guo J, Amemiya S. Probing heterogeneous electron transfer at an unbiased conductor by scanning electrochemical microscopy in the feedback mode. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2735-44. [PMID: 17341057 PMCID: PMC2535815 DOI: 10.1021/ac062089i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The theory of the feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy is extended for probing heterogeneous electron transfer at an unbiased conductor. A steady-state SECM diffusion problem with a pair of disk ultramicroelectrodes as a tip and a substrate is solved numerically. The potential of the unbiased substrate is such that the net current flow across the substrate/solution interface is zero. For a reversible substrate reaction, the potential and the corresponding tip current depend on SECM geometries with respective to the tip radius including not only the tip-substrate distance and the substrate radius but also the thickness of the insulating sheath surrounding the tip. A larger feedback current is obtained using a probe with a thinner insulating sheath, enabling identification of a smaller unbiased substrate with a radius that is approximately as small as the tip radius. An intrinsically slow reaction at an unbiased substrate as driven by a SECM probe can be quasi-reversible. The standard rate constant of the substrate reaction can be determined from the feedback tip current when the SECM geometries are known. The numerical simulations are extended to an SECM line scan above an unbiased substrate to demonstrate a "dip" in the steady-state tip current above the substrate center. The theoretical predictions are confirmed experimentally for reversible and quasi-reversible reactions at an unbiased disk substrate using disk probes with different tip radii and outer radii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shigeru Amemiya
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: . Fax: 412-624-5259
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Marken F, Taylor JE, Bonné MJ, Helton ME, Parry ML, McKee V. Voltammetric measurements at the surface of cotton: absorption and catalase reactivity of a dinuclear manganese complex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:2239-46. [PMID: 17279720 DOI: 10.1021/la0623127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Voltammetric measurements at the surface of cotton fabric were conducted after impregnating the surface of the textile with graphite flakes. The resulting conducting surface contact was connected to a conventional basal plane pyrolytic graphite substrate electrode and employed both in stagnant solution and in rotating disc voltammetry mode. Diffusion through the immobilized cotton sample (inter-fiber) is probed with the aqueous Fe(CN)6(4-/3-) redox system. With a small amount of platinum immobilized at the cotton surface, catalase reactivity toward hydrogen peroxide was observed and used to further quantify the diffusion (intra- and inter-fiber) into the reactive zone at the graphite-cotton interface. A well-known catalase model system, the dinuclear manganese metal complex [Mn(IV)2(micro-O)3L2](PF6)2 (with L=1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), is investigated in aqueous 0.1 M carbonate buffer at pH 9.8 in contact with cotton fabric. Absorption of the metal complex is monitored and quantified by voltammetric methods. A Langmurian binding constant of approximately K=2x103 M-1 was determined. Voltammetric measurements of the adsorbed metal complex reveal strong absorption and chemically irreversible reduction characteristics similar to those observed in solution. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyst coverage dependent anodic catalase activity was observed approximately following the rate law rate=k[catalyst]surface[H2O2]solution and with k=3x104 dm3 s-1 mol-1. The catalyst reactivity was modified by the presence of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
AbstractAn imidazolate-bridged copper(II)-zinc(II) complex (Cu(II)-diethylenetriamino-μ-imidazolato-Zn(II)-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine perchlorate (denoted as “Cu,Zn complex”) and a simple copper(II) complex (Cu(II)-tris(2-aminoethyl) amine chloride (“Cu-tren”) were prepared and immobilised on silica gel (by hydrogen or covalent bonds) and montmorillonite (by ion exchange). The immobilised substances were characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy and their thermal characteristics were also studied. The obtained materials were tested in two probe reactions: catalytic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol (DTBC) (catecholase activity) and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (catalase activity). It was found that the catecholase activity of the Cu,Zn complex increased considerably upon immobilization on silica gel via hydrogen bonds and intercalation by ion exchange among the layers of montmorillonite. The imidazolate-bridged copper(II)-zinc(II) complex and its immobilised versions were inactive in hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The Cu(II)-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine chloride complex displayed good catalase activity; however, immobilisation could not improve it.
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Welch CM, Compton RG. The use of nanoparticles in electroanalysis: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:601-19. [PMID: 16402180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can display four unique advantages over macroelectrodes when used for electroanalysis: enhancement of mass transport, catalysis, high effective surface area and control over electrode microenvironment. Therefore, much work has been carried out into their formation, characterisation and employment for the detection of many electroactive species. This paper aims to give an overview of the investigations carried out in this field. Particular attention is paid to examples of the advantages and disadvantages nanoparticles show when compared to macroelectrodes and the advantages of one nanoparticle modification over another. Most work has been carried out using gold, silver and platinum metals. However, iron, nickel and copper are also reviewed with some examples of other metals such as iridium, ruthenium, cobalt, chromium and palladium. Some bimetallic nanoparticle modifications are also mentioned because they can cause unique catalysis through the mixing of the properties of both metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Welch
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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Welch CM, Hyde ME, Banks CE, Compton RG. The Detection of Nitrate Using in-situ Copper Nanoparticle Deposition at a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1421-30. [PMID: 16379380 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical deposition from a 0.1 M sodium sulphate solution, containing Cu2+ (adjusted to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid) produced a well defined copper nanoparticle deposit on the surface of a boron doped diamond electrode. Changing conditions such as potential (-0.8, -1.0 and -1.2 V), time (5, 2 and 0.5 s) and concentration of Cu2+ (500, 250 and 100 microM) was found to give copper nanoparticles of varying size and particle density. The electrocatalytic properties of the copper surface towards nitrate reduction were explored. An in-situ copper nanoparticle production method was developed for the detection of nitrate; this involves electrodeposition, followed by linear sweep voltammetry for the reduction of nitrate and then application of a stripping potential to renew the electrode surface. The linear sweep was discovered to have homogenised the size of the nanoparticles but their number density was still dependant on the initial conditions of deposition. Some particles were still present at the surface after the stripping potential had been applied but repetitions of the procedure showed these did not have an effect on subsequent deposits. Optimisation of the method lead to applying a deposition potential of -0.8 V, at a BDD electrode for 5 s in a 0.1 M sodium sulphate solution (pH 3) containing 100 microM Cu2+ followed by a linear sweep at 1 V/s; this yielded a limit of detection of 1.5 microM nitrate. The analytical applicability of the technique was evaluated for nitrate detection in a natural mineral water sample and was found to agree well with that stated by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Welch
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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