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Thwaites O, Christianson BM, Cowan AJ, Jäckel F, Liu LN, Gardner AM. Unravelling the Roles of Integral Polypeptides in Excitation Energy Transfer of Photosynthetic RC-LH1 Supercomplexes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7283-7290. [PMID: 37556839 PMCID: PMC10461223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the photosynthetic processes that occur within the reaction center-light-harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) supercomplexes from purple bacteria is crucial for uncovering the assembly and functional mechanisms of natural photosynthetic systems and underpinning the development of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we examined excitation energy transfer of various RC-LH1 supercomplexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using transient absorption spectroscopy, coupled with lifetime density analysis, and studied the roles of the integral transmembrane polypeptides, PufX and PufY, in energy transfer within the RC-LH1 core complex. Our results show that the absence of PufX increases both the LH1 → RC excitation energy transfer lifetime and distribution due to the role of PufX in defining the interaction and orientation of the RC within the LH1 ring. While the absence of PufY leads to the conformational shift of several LH1 subunits toward the RC, it does not result in a marked change in the excitation energy transfer lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Thwaites
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Bern M. Christianson
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Frank Jäckel
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
- College
of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean
Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Adrian M. Gardner
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
- Early Career
Laser Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
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Tamura H, Saito K, Ishikita H. The origin of unidirectional charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers: nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of exciton and charge in pigment-protein complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8131-8140. [PMID: 34194703 PMCID: PMC8208306 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRC) and photosystem II (PSII) occurs exclusively along one of the two pseudo-symmetric branches (active branch) of pigment-protein complexes. The microscopic origin of unidirectional charge separation in photosynthesis remains controversial. Here we elucidate the essential factors leading to unidirectional charge separation in PbRC and PSII, using nonadiabatic quantum dynamics calculations in conjunction with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/polarizable continuum model (QM/MM/PCM) method. This approach accounts for energetics, electronic coupling, and vibronic coupling of the pigment excited states under electrostatic interactions and polarization of whole protein environments. The calculated time constants of charge separation along the active branches of PbRC and PSII are similar to those observed in time-resolved spectroscopic experiments. In PbRC, Tyr-M210 near the accessary bacteriochlorophyll reduces the energy of the intermediate state and drastically accelerates charge separation overcoming the electron-hole interaction. Remarkably, even though both the active and inactive branches in PSII can accept excitons from light-harvesting complexes, charge separation in the inactive branch is prevented by a weak electronic coupling due to symmetry-breaking of the chlorophyll configurations. The exciton in the inactive branch in PSII can be transferred to the active branch via direct and indirect pathways. Subsequently, the ultrafast electron transfer to pheophytin in the active branch prevents exciton back transfer to the inactive branch, thereby achieving unidirectional charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
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Dominguez PN, Lehner FT, Michelmann J, Himmelstoss M, Zinth W. A magnetic stirring setup for applications in ultrafast spectroscopy of photo-sensitive solutions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033101. [PMID: 25832205 DOI: 10.1063/1.4911406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An exchange system is presented, which allows ultrafast experiments with high excitation rates (1 kHz) on samples with reaction cycles in the range of a few seconds and small sample volumes of about 0.3 ml. The exchange is accomplished using a commercially available cuvette by the combination of a special type of magnetic stirring with transverse translational motion of the sample cuvette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nahuel Dominguez
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center of Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian T Lehner
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center of Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeff Michelmann
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center of Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Himmelstoss
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center of Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center of Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
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Kurzynski M, Chelminiak P. Temperature and detection-wavelength dependence of the electron transfer rates in initial stages of photosynthesis. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:12339-46. [PMID: 24000808 DOI: 10.1021/jp402344j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unusual temperature behavior, observed in the initial electron transfer stages in the photosynthetic reaction centers of the purple bacteria, and a strong probing pulse wavelength dependence of transfer rates, determined in transient absorption spectroscopy, can easily be explained on assuming that the transfer takes place from dynamically unrelaxed states of protein environment. The transitions from the primary special pair (P) to a single bacteriochlorophyll (B) and next to a bacteriopheophytin (H) are controlled by diffusion down the energy value of underdamped vibrational modes of frequency 200 K, probably determining distances between the succeeding cofactors. The subsequent transition to the quinone A (Q) is controlled by diffusion in the position value of an overdamped conformational mode, probably corresponding to the local polarization. From the fit of available experimental data to simple theoretical formulas, the important physical conclusion arises that the very electronic transitions are fast as compared to the relaxation processes and, in the first approximation, only the latter contribute to the overall times of the initial electron transfer stages in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kurzynski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Rates of the initial two steps of electron transfer in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides as determined by singular-value decomposition followed by global fitting. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wróbel D, Dudkowiak A, Goc J. Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Optoelectronics, Photomedicine, and Investigation of Biomolecular Systems. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2008 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pawlowicz NP, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, van Grondelle R, Jones MR. An investigation of slow charge separation in a Tyrosine M210 to Tryptophan mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center by femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2693-705. [DOI: 10.1039/b905934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gibasiewicz K, Pajzderska M, Karolczak J, Dobek A. Excitation and electron transfer in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides probed and analyzed globally in the 1-nanosecond temporal window from 330 to 700 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10484-93. [PMID: 19890535 DOI: 10.1039/b912431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global analysis of a set of room temperature transient absorption spectra of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers, recorded in wide temporal and spectral ranges and triggered by femtosecond excitation of accessory bacteriochlorophylls at 800 nm, is presented. The data give a comprehensive review of all spectral dynamics features in the visible and near UV, from 330 to 700 nm, related to the primary events in the Rb. sphaeroides reaction center: excitation energy transfer from the accessory bacteriochlorophylls (B) to the primary donor (P), primary charge separation between the primary donor and primary acceptor (bacteriopheophytin, H), and electron transfer from the primary to the secondary electron acceptor (ubiquinone). In particular, engagement of the accessory bacteriochlorophyll in primary charge separation is shown as an intermediate electron acceptor, and the initial free energy gap of approximately 40 meV, between the states P(+)B(A)(-) and P(+)H(A)(-) is estimated. The size of this gap is shown to be constant for the whole 230 ps lifetime of the P(+)H(A)(-) state. The ultrafast spectral dynamics features recorded in the visible range are presented against a background of results from similar studies performed for the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gibasiewicz
- Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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9
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Pawlowicz NP, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, van Grondelle R, Jones MR. Identification of the intermediate charge-separated state P+betaL- in a leucine M214 to histidine mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center using femtosecond midinfrared spectroscopy. Biophys J 2009; 96:4956-65. [PMID: 19527655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy and electron transfer in a Leu M214 to His (LM214H) mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center (RC) were investigated by applying time-resolved visible pump/midinfrared probe spectroscopy at room temperature. This mutant replacement of the Leu at position M214 resulted in the incorporation of a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) in place of the native bacteriopheophytin in the L-branch of cofactors (denoted betaL). Purified LM214H RCs were excited at 600 nm (unselective excitation), at 800 nm (direct excitation of the monomeric BChl cofactors B(L) and B(M)), and at 860 nm (direct excitation of the primary donor (P) BChl pair (P(L)/P(M))). Absorption changes associated with carbonyl (C=O) stretch vibrational modes (9-keto, 10a-ester, and 2a-acetyl) of the cofactors and of the protein were recorded in the region between 1600 cm(-1) and 1770 cm(-1), and the data were subjected to both a sequential analysis and a simultaneous target analysis. After photoexcitation of the LM214H RC, P* decayed on a timescale of approximately 6.3 ps to P+BL-. The decay of P+BL- occurred with a lifetime of approximately 2 ps, approximately 3 times slower than that observed in wild-type and R-26 RCs (approximately 0.7 ps). Further electron transfer to the betaL BChl resulted in formation of the P+betaL- state, and its infrared absorbance difference spectrum is reported for the first time, to our knowledge. The fs midinfrared spectra of P+BL- and P+betaL- showed clear differences related to the different environments of the two BChls in the mutant RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Pawlowicz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lembo A, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM, Wielopolski M, Nuccetelli M. Porphyrin−β-Oligo-Ethynylenephenylene−[60]Fullerene Triads: Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Characterization of the New Porphyrin−Oligo-PPE−[60]Fullerene Systems. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1779-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mateusz Wielopolski
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Pawlowicz NP, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, Jones MR, Groot ML. Identification of the first steps in charge separation in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy: electron transfer and protein dynamics. Biophys J 2008; 95:1268-84. [PMID: 18424493 PMCID: PMC2479572 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.130880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved visible pump/mid-infrared (mid-IR) probe spectroscopy in the region between 1600 and 1800 cm(-1) was used to investigate electron transfer, radical pair relaxation, and protein relaxation at room temperature in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center (RC). Wild-type RCs both with and without the quinone electron acceptor Q(A), were excited at 600 nm (nonselective excitation), 800 nm (direct excitation of the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cofactors), and 860 nm (direct excitation of the dimer of primary donor (P) BChls (P(L)/P(M))). The region between 1600 and 1800 cm(-1) encompasses absorption changes associated with carbonyl (C=O) stretch vibrational modes of the cofactors and protein. After photoexcitation of the RC the primary electron donor P excited singlet state (P*) decayed on a timescale of 3.7 ps to the state P(+)B(L)(-) (where B(L) is the accessory BChl electron acceptor). This is the first report of the mid-IR absorption spectrum of P(+)B(L)(-); the difference spectrum indicates that the 9-keto C=O stretch of B(L) is located around 1670-1680 cm(-1). After subsequent electron transfer to the bacteriopheophytin H(L) in approximately 1 ps, the state P(+)H(L)(-) was formed. A sequential analysis and simultaneous target analysis of the data showed a relaxation of the P(+)H(L)(-) radical pair on the approximately 20 ps timescale, accompanied by a change in the relative ratio of the P(L)(+) and P(M)(+) bands and by a minor change in the band amplitude at 1640 cm(-1) that may be tentatively ascribed to the response of an amide C=O to the radical pair formation. We conclude that the drop in free energy associated with the relaxation of P(+)H(L)(-) is due to an increased localization of the electron hole on the P(L) half of the dimer and a further consequence is a reduction in the electrical field causing the Stark shift of one or more amide C=O oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Pawlowicz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Electron transfer rates and Franck–Condon factors: an application to the early electron transfer steps in photosynthetic reaction centers. Theor Chem Acc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-006-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lembo A, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM. Synthesis and Photophysical Investigation of New Porphyrin Derivatives with β-Pyrrole Ethynyl Linkage and Corresponding Dyad with [60] Fullerene. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11424-34. [PMID: 17020252 DOI: 10.1021/jp062735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new beta-substituted arylethynyl meso-tetraphenylporphyrins, 2-[(4'-formyl)phenyl]ethynyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (system A) and 2-[(4'-methyl)phenyl]ethynyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (system B) and their zinc derivatives were synthesized by palladium catalysis, using a synthetic approach that affords high yields of the target systems. Comparative ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), NMR, and cyclic voltammetry studies of such macrocycles reveal the presence of an extensive conjugation between the tetrapyrrolic ring and the linker, through pi-pi orbital interaction. This interaction was observed in the form of a "push-pull" effect that moves the electronic charge between the porphyrin and the aldehyde group of system A. System B, bearing a methyl group instead of the formyl group, was synthesized in order to evaluate the effect of the substitution on the charge delocalization, which is necessary to corroborate the push-pull mechanism hypothesis. The new porphyrin, system A, was also used as a starting material for the synthesis of new porphyrin-fullerene dyads in which the [60]fullerene is directly linked to the tetrapyrrolic rings by ethynylenephenylene subunits. Fluorescence and transient absorption measurements of the new dyads reveal that ultrafast energy and electron transfer occur, respectively, in nonpolar and polar solvents, with high values of the rate constant. The UV-vis, NMR, and cyclic voltammetry results show that it is possible for both energy and electron transfer between porphyrin and fullerene to take place through the pi-bond interaction. Such results evidence that the coupling between the donor and acceptor moieties is strong enough for possible photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lembo
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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