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Uenishi R, Horio T, Suzuki T. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Imaging of Acetone with 9.3 eV Photoexcitation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6848-6853. [PMID: 31314525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast electronic relaxation following 9.3 eV photoexcitation of gaseous acetone was investigated with time-resolved photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. An intense photoionization signal due to a transition from the 41A1(π,π*) state to the D1(π-1) cationic state diminishes within 50 fs, owing to vibrational wave packet motion leaving our observation energy window. Additional photoionization signals were assigned to transitions from Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers of 3-8 to the D0(n-1) cationic state, created by strong vibronic couplings with the bright 41A1(π,π*) state. The deactivation processes of the 41A1(π,π*) and Rydberg states are discussed based on their decay profiles obtained from a time-energy map of photoelectron kinetic energy distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uenishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Takuya Horio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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2
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Hüter O, Temps F. Ultrafast α -CC bond cleavage of acetone upon excitation to 3p and 3d Rydberg states by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2018; 145:214312. [PMID: 28799347 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiationless electronic relaxation and α -CC bond fission dynamics of jet-cooled acetone in the S1 (nπ*) state and in high-lying 3p and 3d Rydberg states have been investigated by femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging. The S1 state was accessed by absorption of a UV pump photon at selected wavelengths between λ = 320 and 250 nm. The observed acetone mass signals and the S1 photoelectron band decayed on sub-picosecond time scales, consistent with a recently proposed ultrafast structural relaxation of the molecules in the S1 state away from the Franck-Condon probe window. No direct signatures could be observed by the experiments for CC dissociation on the S1 potential energy hypersurface in up to 1 ns. The observed acetyl mass signals at all pump wavelengths turned out to be associated with absorption by the molecules of one or more additional pump and/or probe photons. In particular, absorption of a second UV pump photon by the S1 (nπ*) state was found to populate a series of high-lying states belonging to the n = 3 Rydberg manifold. The respective transitions are favored by much larger cross sections compared to the S1 ← S0 transition. The characteristic energies revealed by the photoelectron images allowed for assignments to the 3p and 3dyz states. At two-photon excitation energies higher than 8.1 eV, an ultrafast reaction pathway for breaking the α -CC bond in 50-90 fs via the 3dyz Rydberg state and the elusive ππ* state was observed, explaining the formation of acetyl radicals after femtosecond laser excitation of acetone at these wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Abulimiti B, Hao QL, Qin C, Xiang M, Zhang B. Three-Body photodissociation of thionyl chloride. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1711218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bumaliya Abulimiti
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Qiao-li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Qin
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Mei Xiang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Toulson BW, Fishman DA, Murray C. Photodissociation dynamics of acetone studied by time-resolved ion imaging and photofragment excitation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2457-2469. [PMID: 29313039 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of acetone has been investigated using velocity-map ion imaging and photofragment excitation (PHOFEX) spectroscopy across a range of wavelengths spanning the first absorption band (236-308 nm). The radical products of the Norrish Type I dissociation, methyl and acetyl, as well as the molecular product ketene have been detected by single-photon VUV ionization at 118 nm. Ketene appears to be formed with non-negligible yield at all wavelengths, with a maximum value of Φ ≈ 0.3 at 280 nm. The modest translational energy release is inconsistent with dissociation over high barriers on the S0 surface, and ketene formation is tentatively assigned to a roaming pathway involving frustrated dissociation to the radical products. Fast-moving radical products are detected at λ ≤ 305 nm with total translational energy distributions that extend to the energetic limit, consistent with dissociation occurring near-exclusively on the T1 surface following intersystem crossing. At energies below the T1 barrier a statistical component indicative of S0 dissociation is observed, although dissociation via the S1/S0 conical intersection is absent at shorter wavelengths, in contrast to acetaldehyde. The methyl radical yield is enhanced over that of acetyl in PHOFEX spectra at λ ≤ 260 nm due to the onset of secondary dissociation of internally excited acetyl radicals. Time-resolved ion imaging experiments using picosecond duration pulses at 266 nm find an appearance time constant of τ = 1490 ± 140 ps for CH3 radicals formed on T1. The associated rate is representative of S1 → T1 intersystem crossing. At 284 nm, CH3 is formed on T1 with two distinct timescales: a fast <10 ns component is accompanied by a slower component with τ = 42 ± 7 ns. A two-step mechanism involving fast internal conversion, followed by slower intersystem crossing (S1 → S0 → T1) is proposed to explain the slow component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Toulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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5
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Koch M, Thaler B, Heim P, Ernst WE. The Role of Rydberg-Valence Coupling in the Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Acetone. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6398-6404. [PMID: 28737942 PMCID: PMC5608382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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The electronic structure
of excited states of acetone is represented
by a Rydberg manifold that is coupled to valence states which provide
very fast and efficient relaxation pathways. We observe and characterize
the transfer of population from photoexcited Rydberg states (6p, 6d,
7s) to a whole series of lower Rydberg states (3p to 4d) and a simultaneous
decay of population from these states. We obtain these results with
time-resolved photoelectron–photoion coincidence (PEPICO) detection
in combination with the application of Bayesian statistics for data
analysis. Despite the expectedly complex relaxation behavior, we find
that a simple sequential decay model is able to describe the observed
PEPICO transients satisfactorily. We obtain a slower decay (∼320
fs) from photoexcited states compared to a faster decay (∼100
fs) of states that are populated by internal conversion, demonstrating
that different relaxation dynamics are active. Within the series of
Rydberg states populated by internal conversion, the decay dynamics
seem to be similar, and a trend of slower decay from lower states
indicates an increasingly higher energy barrier along the decay pathway
for lower states. The presented results agree all in all with previous
relaxation studies within the Rydberg manifold. The state-resolved
observation of transient population ranging from 3p to 4d can serve
as reference for time-dependent simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Thaler
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal Heim
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Maierhofer P, Bainschab M, Thaler B, Heim P, Ernst WE, Koch M. Disentangling Multichannel Photodissociation Dynamics in Acetone by Time-Resolved Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6418-23. [PMID: 27459051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the investigation of photoinduced dynamics in molecules with time-resolved pump-probe photoionization spectroscopy, it is essential to obtain unequivocal information about the fragmentation behavior induced by the laser pulses. We present time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) experiments to investigate the excited-state dynamics of isolated acetone molecules triggered by two-photon (269 nm) excitation. In the complex situation of different relaxation pathways, we unambiguously identify three distinct pump-probe ionization channels. The high selectivity of PEPICO detection allows us to observe the fragmentation behavior and to follow the time evolution of each channel separately. For channels leading to fragment ions, we quantitatively obtain the fragment-to-parent branching ratio and are able to determine experimentally whether dissociation occurs in the neutral molecule or in the parent ion. These results highlight the importance of coincidence detection for the interpretation of time-resolved photochemical relaxation and dissociation studies if multiple pathways are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Maierhofer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Bainschab
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Thaler
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pascal Heim
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz , Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Exploring Multiple Potential Energy Surfaces: Photochemistry of Small Carbonyl Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/268124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In theoretical studies of chemical reactions involving multiple potential energy surfaces (PESs) such as photochemical reactions, seams of intersection among the PESs often complicate the analysis. In this paper, we review our recipe for exploring multiple PESs by using an automated reaction path search method which has previously been applied to single PESs. Although any such methods for single PESs can be employed in the recipe, the global reaction route mapping (GRRM) method was employed in this study. By combining GRRM with the proposed recipe, all critical regions, that is, transition states, conical intersections, intersection seams, and local minima, associated with multiple PESs, can be explored automatically. As illustrative examples, applications to photochemistry of formaldehyde and acetone are described. In these examples as well as in recent applications to other systems, the present approach led to discovery of many unexpected nonadiabatic pathways, by which some complicated experimental data have been explained very clearly.
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Ho JW, Yen HC, Chou WK, Weng CN, Cheng LH, Shi HQ, Lai SH, Cheng PY. Disentangling Intrinsic Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Cytosine Tautomers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8406-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205603w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Nádasdi R, Zügner GL, Farkas M, Dóbé S, Maeda S, Morokuma K. Photochemistry of Methyl Ethyl Ketone: Quantum Yields and S
1
/S
0
‐Diradical Mechanism of Photodissociation. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3883-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Nádasdi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59‐67, 1025 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: +36‐1‐438‐1147
| | - Gábor L. Zügner
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59‐67, 1025 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: +36‐1‐438‐1147
| | - Mária Farkas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59‐67, 1025 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: +36‐1‐438‐1147
| | - Sándor Dóbé
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59‐67, 1025 Budapest (Hungary), Fax: +36‐1‐438‐1147
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan), Fax: +81‐75‐781‐4757
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan)
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606‐8501 (Japan), Fax: +81‐75‐781‐4757
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Centre for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
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10
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Femtosecond pump-probe photoionization-photofragmentation spectroscopy: Photoionization-induced twisting and coherent vibrational motion of azobenzene cation. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:134308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3236813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Ho JW, Chen WK, Cheng PY. Unraveling Complex Three-Body Photodissociation Dynamics of Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A Femtosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10453-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804847y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Wei-Kan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Po-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C
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12
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Goncharov V, Herath N, Suits AG. Roaming Dynamics in Acetone Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9423-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Goncharov
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Nuradhika Herath
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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13
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Chen WK, Cheng PY. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of acetone at 195 nm: II. Unraveling complex three-body dissociation dynamics by femtosecond time-resolved photofragment translational spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:6818-29. [PMID: 16834037 DOI: 10.1021/jp0509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of the preceding paper in this issue (J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 6805), we studied photodissociation dynamics of the acetone S2 (n, 3s) Rydberg state excited at 195 nm using femtosecond time-resolved photofragment translational spectroscopy. The technique, which is implemented by the combination of fs pump-probe ionization spectroscopy and kinetic energy resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry (KETOF), measured temporal evolutions of the product kinetic energy distributions (KEDs) with a time resolution limited only by the laser pulse widths. Two methyl product KED components were resolved and assigned to the primary and secondary methyl products on the basis of their temporal behaviors. The results support the mechanism in which the primary dissociation occurs on the acetone S1 surface and provide complementary dynamical information to that discussed in the preceding paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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de Nalda R, Izquierdo JG, Durá J, Bañares L. Femtosecond multichannel photodissociation dynamics of CH3I from the A band by velocity map imaging. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:021101. [PMID: 17228929 DOI: 10.1063/1.2426332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction times of several well-defined channels of the C-I bond rupture of methyl iodide from the A band, which involves nonadiabatic dynamics yielding ground state I(2P3/2) and spin-orbit excited I*(2P1/2) and ground and vibrationally excited CH3 fragments, have been measured by a combination of a femtosecond laser pump-probe scheme and velocity map imaging techniques using resonant detection of ground state CH3 fragments. The reaction times found for the different channels studied are directly related with the nonadiabatic nature of this multidimensional photodissociation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Nalda
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, C/ Serrano, 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Palmieri B, Ronis D. Jarzynski equality: connections to thermodynamics and the second law. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:011133. [PMID: 17358136 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.011133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The one-dimensional expanding ideal gas model is used to compute the exact nonequilibrium distribution function. The state of the system during the expansion is defined in terms of local thermodynamics quantities. The final equilibrium free energy, obtained a long time after the expansion, is compared against the free energy that appears in the Jarzynski equality. Within this model, where the Jarzynski equality holds rigorously, the free energy change that appears in the equality does not equal the actual free energy change of the system at any time of the process. More generally, the work bound that is obtained from the Jarzynski equality is an upper bound to the upper bound that is obtained from the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The cancellation of the dissipative (nonequilibrium) terms that result in the Jarzynski equality is shown in the framework of response theory. This is used to show that the intuitive assumption that the Jarzynski work bound becomes equal to the average work done when the system evolves quasistatically is incorrect under some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Palmieri
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2K6
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Huang L, Dong W, Zhang R, Hou H. Investigation of a new approach to decompose two potent greenhouse gases: photoreduction of SF(6) and SF(5)CF(3) in the presence of acetone. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:833-40. [PMID: 16860846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we addressed the utilization of photochemical method as an innovative technology for the destruction and removal of two potent greenhouse gases, SF(6) and SF(5)CF(3). The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the process was determined as a function of excitation wavelength, irradiation time, initial ratio of acetone to SF(5)X (X represented F or CF(3)), initial SF(5)X concentration, additive oxygen and water vapor concentration. A complete removal was achieved by a radiation period of 55min and 120min for SF(6)-CH(3)COCH(3) system and SF(5)CF(3)-CH(3)COCH(3) system respectively under 184.9nm irradiation. Extra addition of water vapor can enhance DRE by approximately 6% points in both systems. Further studies with GC/MS and FT-IR proved that no hazardous products such as S(2)F(10), SO(2)F(2), SOF(2), SOF(4) were generated in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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17
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Chen WK, Ho JW, Cheng PY. Isotope effects in the ultrafast photodissociation of acetone 3s Rydberg state excited at 195nm. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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