1
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Holland DMP, Suchan J, Janoš J, Bacellar C, Leroy L, Barillot TR, Longetti L, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Chergui M, Muchová E, Ingle RA. Deconvolution of the X-ray absorption spectrum of trans-1,3-butadiene with resonant Auger spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15130-15142. [PMID: 38525924 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution carbon K-edge X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption, non-resonant and resonant Auger spectra are presented of gas phase trans-1,3-butadiene alongside a detailed theoretical analysis utilising nuclear ensemble approaches and vibronic models to simulate the spectroscopic observables. The resonant Auger spectra recorded across the first pre-edge band reveal a complex evolution of different electronic states which remain relatively well-localised on the edge or central carbon sites. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of the resonant Auger observables to the weighted contributions from multiple electronic states. The gradually evolving spectral features can be accurately and feasibly simulated within nuclear ensemble methods and interpreted with the population analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P Holland
- STFC, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Jiří Suchan
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5250, USA
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Leroy
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Barillot
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Longetti
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura dei Materiali, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163,5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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2
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Chong DP. Computational Study of the Electron Spectra of Vapor-Phase Indole and Four Azaindoles. Molecules 2021; 26:1947. [PMID: 33808397 PMCID: PMC8037839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After geometry optimization, the electron spectra of indole and four azaindoles are calculated by density functional theory. Available experimental photoemission and excitation data for indole and 7-azaindole are used to compare with the theoretical values. The results for the other azaindoles are presented as predictions to help the interpretation of experimental spectra when they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delano P Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Zahl MG, Sæthre LJ, Thomas TD, Børve KJ. Carbocation stability as predictor for electrophilic addition of HCl to chlorinated ethenes and propenes in the gas phase. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Zahl
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Leif J. Sæthre
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - T. Darrah Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Knut J. Børve
- Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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4
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Koulentianos D, Carniato S, Püttner R, Goldsztejn G, Marchenko T, Travnikova O, Journel L, Guillemin R, Céolin D, Rocco MLM, Piancastelli MN, Feifel R, Simon M. Double-core-hole states in CH3CN: Pre-edge structures and chemical-shift contributions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Koulentianos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - S. Carniato
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R. Püttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Goldsztejn
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - T. Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O. Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. Journel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R. Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. L. M. Rocco
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - M. N. Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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5
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Liu K, Ren L, He Q, Xu WJ. Synthesis of Copolymers by Living Carbanionic Alternating Copolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:752-8. [PMID: 26987993 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of copolymers from styrene and 1,3-pentadiene (two isomers) are reported. Styrene/1,3-pentadiene (1:1) copolymerization with carbanion initiator yield living, well-defined, alternating (r1 = 0.037, r2 = 0.056), and highly stereoregular copolymers with 90%-100% trans-1,4 units, designed Mn s and low ÐM s (1.07-1.17). The first-order kinetic resolution and NMR spectra demonstrate that the copolymers obtained possess strictly alternating structure containing both 1,4- and 4,1-enchaiments. Also a series of copolymers with varying degrees of alternation are synthesized from para-alkyl substituted styrene derivatives and 1,3-pentadiene. The degree of alternation is strongly dependent on the polarity of solvent, reaction temperature, type of trans-cis isomer of 1,3-pentadiene and para-substituted group in styrene. The macro zwitterion forms (SPC) through the distribution of electronic charges from the donor (1,3-pentadiene) to the acceptor (styrenes) are proposed to interpret the carbanion alternating copolymerization mechanism. Owing to the versatility of the carbanion-initiating reaction, the present alternating strategy based on 1,3-pentadiene (especially cis isomer) can serve as a powerful tool for precise control of polymer chain microstructure, architecture, and functionalities in one-pot polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Country State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ren
- Country State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qing He
- Country State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jian Xu
- Country State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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6
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Zahl MG, Fossheim R, Børve KJ, Sæthre LJ, Thomas TD. Electronic Properties of Chlorine, Methyl, and Chloromethyl as Substituents to the Ethylene Group--Viewed from the Core of Carbon. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9481-93. [PMID: 26280174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Substituent effects" is an important and useful concept in organic chemistry. Although there are many approaches to parametrizing the electronic and steric effects of substituents, the physical basis for the parameters is often unclear. The purpose of the present work is to explore the properties of chemical shifts in carbon 1s energies as a well-defined basis for characterizing substituents to an ethylene C═C moiety. To this end, high-resolution carbon 1s photoelectron spectra of six chloro-substituted ethenes and seven chloro-substituted propenes have been measured in the gas phase. Site-specific adiabatic ionization energies have been determined from the spectra using theoretical ab initio calculations to predict the vibrational structures. For two molecules, 3-chloropropene and 2,3-dichloropropene, the spectral analyses give quantitative results for the conformer populations. The observed shifts have been analyzed in terms of initial-state (potential) and relaxation effects, and charge relaxation has also been analyzed by means of natural resonance theory. On the basis of core-level spectroscopy and models, chlorine, methyl, and chloromethyl have been characterized in terms of their effect on the carbon to which they are attached (α site) as well as the neighboring sp(2) carbon (β site). The derived spectroscopic substituent parameters are characterized by both inductive (electronegativity) effects and the ability of each substituent to engage in electron delocalization via the π system. Moreover, the adopted approach is extended to include substituent-substituent interaction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Zahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen , NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Fossheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen , NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut J Børve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen , NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif J Sæthre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen , NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - T Darrah Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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7
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Petkova NI, Nikolova RD, Kostov KL, Mineva T, Vayssilov GN. Theoretical and experimental local reactivity parameters of 3-substituted coumarin derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11062-73. [PMID: 25347691 DOI: 10.1021/jp508432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local reactivity descriptors, such as atomic charges, atomic electrostatic potential and atomic Fukui indices were computed for a series of 3-substituted coumarin (2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran) derivatives, using density functional theory (DFT) and Möller-Plesset methods (MP2). The variation of those properties as a function of the substituents was compared with the variation of the measured XPS binding energies. The atomic electrostatic potentials and XPS binding energies serves as indicators of the electrophilicity of a given center within a molecule, while the atomic Fukui indices describe its degree of electronic localization, known as atomic softness. The correlation between those theoretical and experimental properties allowed us to follow the effect of electron withdrawing substituents on the electrophilicity of a given atomic center. The Fukui indices provided additional information about the softening/hardening of the center of interest due to presence of different substituents to the coumarin system. On the basis of these analysis, the 1,2-addition would be favored for 3-acetyl, 3-phosphono, and 7-diethylamino substituents, while 3-carboxyl, 3-ethoxycarbonyl, and 3-nitro substituent would favor 1,4-addition. The substituted coumarins would preferably react with soft nucleophiles at position 2 and with hard nucleophiles at position 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena I Petkova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia , Sofia 1126, Bulgaria
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8
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Rondino F, Catone D, Mattioli G, Bonapasta AA, Bolognesi P, Casavola AR, Coreno M, O'Keeffe P, Avaldi L. Competition between electron-donor and electron-acceptor substituents in nitrotoluene isomers: a photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio investigation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45705b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Holme A, Sæthre LJ, Børve KJ, Thomas TD. Chemical Reactivity of Alkenes and Alkynes As Seen from Activation Energies, Enthalpies of Protonation, and Carbon 1s Ionization Energies. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10105-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alf Holme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway, and
| | - Leif J. Sæthre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway, and
| | - Knut J. Børve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway, and
| | - T. Darrah Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003,
United States
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10
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Maksić ZB, Kovačević B, Vianello R. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5240-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir B. Maksić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Abstract
The recently demonstrated ability to measure double-hole core-ionization energies in first-row elements has led to a renewed interest in the use of such energies to investigate the effects of initial-state charge distribution and final-state charge rearrangement on the energies of chemical processes that involve addition of charge to a molecule. With theoretical calculations for the molecules CH(4-n)X(n), X = F, Cl, and for C(CH(3))(4) as a basis, the relationships between one-hole and two-hole ionization energies, on one hand, and initial-state and final-state effects, on the other, are reviewed. It is shown that higher-order corrections to the traditionally used relationships are quantitatively significant but do not lead to qualitatively different conclusions. The role of the Wagner plot as a way to display the relationships among the various quantities of interest is discussed, and a generalized Wagner plot for displaying two-site double-hole ionization energies is presented. Some possible applications of measurements of double-hole ionization energies to the investigation of molecular conformation and molecular fragmentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Darrah Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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12
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Substituent effects in chain and ring π-systems studied by core-electron binding energies calculated by density functional theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Holme A, Børve KJ, Sæthre LJ, Thomas TD. Accuracy of Calculated Chemical Shifts in Carbon 1s Ionization Energies from Single-Reference ab Initio Methods and Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:4104-14. [PMID: 26598356 DOI: 10.1021/ct200662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alf Holme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut J. Børve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif J. Sæthre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - T. Darrah Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States
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14
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Carroll TX, Thomas TD, Sæthre LJ, Børve KJ. Additivity of Substituent Effects. Core-Ionization Energies and Substituent Effects in Fluoromethylbenzenes. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3481-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810612x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Carroll
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Physical Education, Keuka College, Keuka Park, New York 14478; Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - T. Darrah Thomas
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Physical Education, Keuka College, Keuka Park, New York 14478; Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif J. Sæthre
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Physical Education, Keuka College, Keuka Park, New York 14478; Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut J. Børve
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Physical Education, Keuka College, Keuka Park, New York 14478; Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
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15
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Thomas TD, Saethre LJ, Børve KJ. Effects of molecular conformation on inner-shell ionization energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:719-24. [PMID: 17268683 DOI: 10.1039/b616824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence for an effect of molecular conformation on inner-shell ionization energies has been observed for the first time. Examples are seen in the carbon 1s spectra of butyronitrile, 1-fluoropropane, and propanal, and other similar molecules. At room temperature these exist in two different conformations, with different distances and, hence, different Coulombic interactions between the negatively charged electronegative group and the methyl carbon. The experimental results are in accord with theoretical predictions with respect to both ionization energies and populations of the different conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA.
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16
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Sancho-García J. Assessment of density-functional models for organic molecular semiconductors: The role of Hartree–Fock exchange in charge-transfer processes. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Abu-samha M, Børve KJ, Saethre LJ, Ohrwall G, Bergersen H, Rander T, Björneholm O, Tchaplyguine M. Lineshapes in carbon 1s photoelectron spectra of methanol clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2473-82. [PMID: 16721431 DOI: 10.1039/b516905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general protocol for theoretical modeling of inner-shell photoelectron spectra of molecular clusters is presented and applied to C1s spectra of oligomers and medium-sized clusters of methanol. The protocol employs molecular dynamics for obtaining cluster geometries and a polarizable force field for computing site-specific chemical shifts in ionization energy and linewidth. Comparisons to spectra computed from first-principle theories are used to establish the accuracy of the proposed force field approach. The model is used to analyze the C1s photoelectron spectrum of medium-sized clusters in terms of surface and bulk contributions. By treating the surface-to-bulk ratio as an adjustable parameter, satisfactory fits are obtained to experimental C1s spectra of a beam of methanol clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abu-samha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway.
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