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Kitzmiller NL, Wolf ME, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. The HOX⋯SO 2 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Binary Complexes: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2020; 22:112-126. [PMID: 33090675 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide and hypohalous acids (HOX, X=F, Cl, Br, I) are ubiquitous molecules in the atmosphere that are central to important processes like seasonal ozone depletion, acid rain, and cloud nucleation. We present the first theoretical examination of the HOX⋯SO2 binary complexes and the associated trends due to halogen substitution. Reliable geometries were optimized at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z level of theory for HOF and HOCl complexes. The HOBr and HOI complexes were optimized at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(D+d)Z level of theory with the exception of the Br and I atoms which were modeled with an aug-cc-pwCVDZ-PP pseudopotential. 27 HOX⋯SO2 complexes were characterized and the focal point method was employed to produce CCSDT(Q)/CBS interaction energies. Natural Bond Orbital analysis and Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory were used to classify the nature of each principle interaction. The interaction energies of all HOX⋯SO2 complexes in this study ranged from 1.35 to 3.81 kcal mol-1 . The single-interaction hydrogen bonded complexes spanned a range of 2.62 to 3.07 kcal mol-1 , while the single-interaction halogen bonded complexes were far more sensitive to halogen substitution ranging from 1.35 to 3.06 kcal mol-1 , indicating that the two types of interactions are extremely competitive for heavier halogens. Our results provide insight into the interactions between HOX and SO2 which may guide further research of related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Kitzmiller
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Mark E Wolf
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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Shin S, Kang H, Kim JS, Kang H. Phase transitions of amorphous solid acetone in confined geometry investigated by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13349-56. [PMID: 24889676 DOI: 10.1021/jp503997t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the phase transformations of amorphous solid acetone under confined geometry by preparing acetone films trapped in amorphous solid water (ASW) or CCl4. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) were used to monitor the phase changes of the acetone sample with increasing temperature. An acetone film trapped in ASW shows an abrupt change in the RAIRS features of the acetone vibrational bands during heating from 80 to 100 K, which indicates the transformation of amorphous solid acetone to a molecularly aligned crystalline phase. Further heating of the sample to 140 K produces an isotropic solid phase, and eventually a fluid phase near 157 K, at which the acetone sample is probably trapped in a pressurized, superheated condition inside the ASW matrix. Inside a CCl4 matrix, amorphous solid acetone crystallizes into a different, isotropic structure at ca. 90 K. We propose that the molecularly aligned crystalline phase formed in ASW is created by heterogeneous nucleation at the acetone-water interface, with resultant crystal growth, whereas the isotropic crystalline phase in CCl4 is formed by homogeneous crystal growth starting from the bulk region of the acetone sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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Lasne J, Laffon C, Parent P. Interaction of acetone, hydroxyacetone, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde with the surface of water ice and HNO3·3H2O ice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:697-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Petitjean M, Darvas M, Picaud S, Jedlovszky P, Le Calvé S. Adsorption of Hydroxyacetone on Pure Ice Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3921-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Petitjean
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UdS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 (France), Fax: (+33) 368 85 04 02
| | - Maria Darvas
- Institut UTINAM—UMR CNRS 6213, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Franche‐Comté, F‐25030 Besançon Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 381 66 64 75
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny, 1/a, H‐1117 Budapest (Hungary)
| | - Sylvain Picaud
- Institut UTINAM—UMR CNRS 6213, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Franche‐Comté, F‐25030 Besançon Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 381 66 64 75
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny, 1/a, H‐1117 Budapest (Hungary)
- HAS Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H‐1111 Budapest (Hungary)
- EKF Department of Chemistry, Leányka u. 6, H‐3300 Eger (Hungary)
| | - Stéphane Le Calvé
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UdS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 (France), Fax: (+33) 368 85 04 02
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Symington A, Cox RA, Fernandez MA. Uptake of Organic Acids on Ice Surfaces: Evidence for Surface Modification and Hydrate Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The uptake of gaseous HC(O)OH, CH3 C(O)OH and CF3C(O)OH on ice films at temperatures corresponding to the upper troposphere (UT) has been investigated using a coated-wall flow tube with mass spectrometric measurement of gas concentration. Uptake was largely reversible and followed Langmuir-type kinetic behavior, i.e. surface coverage increased with trace gas concentration approaching a maximum surface coverage at N
max ~2 to 3×1014 molecules cm−3, corresponding to ~25% monolayer (ML). The partition constants, KLinC
, were obtained from the experimental data by analysis using the simple Langmuir model and also using a simple one-dimensional numerical model to simulate individual uptake profiles and retrieve partition constants for specific conditions of temperature and concentration, over the temperature range 208–238 K. The analysis showed that Langmuir constants decreased at high surface coverages, possibly due to adsorbate-adsorbate interaction or modification of the ice surface. At low coverage, the following expressions described the temperature dependence of the partition coefficients (KLinC) for HC(O)OH (KLinC
= (1.5±3.5
1.0)×10−8exp((5143±268)/T) cm), for CH3 C(O)OH (KLinC
= (0.55±5.4
0.5)×10−8exp((5703±536)/T) cm), and CF3C(O)OH (KLinC
= (512±1903
404)×10−8exp((309±331)/T) cm). For CF3C(O)OH there was an irreversible component of uptake, which was attributed to hydrate formation on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Symington
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge, Großbritannien
| | | | - Miguel A. Fernandez
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge, Großbritannien
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Petitjean M, Hantal G, Chauvin C, Mirabel P, Le Calvé S, Hoang PNM, Picaud S, Jedlovszky P. Adsorption of benzaldehyde at the surface of ice, studied by experimental method and computer simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9596-9606. [PMID: 20329716 DOI: 10.1021/la100169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption study of benzaldehyde on ice surfaces is performed by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. The experiments are conducted over the temperature range 233-253 K using a coated wall flow tube coupled to a mass spectrometric detector. Besides the experimental way, the adsorption isotherm is also determined by performing a set of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations at 233 K. The experimental and calculated adsorption isotherms show a very good agreement within the corresponding errors. Besides, both experimental and theoretical studies permit us to derive the enthalpy of adsorption of benzaldehyde on ice surfaces DeltaH(ads), which are in excellent agreement: DeltaH(ads) = -61.4 +/- 9.7 kJ/mol (experimental) and DeltaH(ads) = -59.4 +/- 5.1 kJ/mol (simulation). The obtained results indicate a much stronger ability of benzaldehyde of being adsorbed at the surface of ice than that of small aliphatic aldehydes, such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde. At low surface coverages the adsorbed molecules exclusively lie parallel with the ice surface. With increasing surface coverage, however, the increasing competition of the adsorbed molecules for the surface area to be occupied leads to the appearance of two different perpendicular orientations relative to the surface. In the first orientation, the benzaldehyde molecule turns its aldehyde group toward the ice phase, and, similarly to the molecules in the lying orientation, forms a hydrogen bond with a surface water molecule. In the other perpendicular orientation the aldehyde group turns to the vapor phase, and its O atom interacts with the delocalized pi system of the benzene ring of a nearby lying benzaldehyde molecule of the second molecular layer. In accordance with this observed scenario, the saturated adsorption layer, being stable in a roughly 1 kJ/mol broad range of chemical potentials, contains, besides the first molecular layer, also traces of the second molecular layer of adsorbed benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Petitjean
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UdS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Zellner R, Behr P, Seisel S, Somnitz H, Treuel L. Chemistry and Microphysics of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces: Laboratory Techniques and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2009.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A number of current techniques are presented by which the chemistry of interaction of selected gas phase species with atmospheric surfaces as well as the microphysical behaviour of such surfaces can be investigated. The techniques discussed include (i) the coated wall flow tube reactor, (ii) the Knudsen-cell / DRIFT spectroscopy, (iii) the surface aerosol microscopy and (iv) the molecular beam scattering technique. In each of these methods specific and robust information is deduced on the kinetics and thermodynamics of gas adsorption and reaction on surfaces. Specific examples include the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces, the adsorption and reaction of SO2 on iron oxides, the hygroscopic and phase behaviour of binary and ternary salt solution droplets (ammonium sulphate and ammonium sulphate / dicarboxylic acids solutions) as well as on the dynamics of inelastic collisions of noble gases on super-cooled sulphuric acid surfaces. In addition we also show how quantum chemistry can be utilized to assist in interpreting absorption energies on structurally different ice surfaces. Whilst each example represents different aspects of heterogenous atmospheric interactions, they jointly represent significant progress in laboratory investigations of multi-phase atmospheric chemistry with substantial potential for application to other systems and/or problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Behr
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Essen, Deutschland
| | | | - Holger Somnitz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Essen, Deutschland
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Petitjean M, Mirabel P, Calvé SL. Uptake Measurements of Acetaldehyde on Solid Ice Surfaces and on Solid/Liquid Supercooled Mixtures Doped with HNO3in the Temperature Range 203−253 K. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5091-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Petitjean
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Ph. Mirabel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - S. Le Calvé
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Somnitz H. Quantum chemical studies of the adsorption of single acetone molecules on hexagonal ice Ihand cubic ice Ic. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1033-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b814467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kerbrat M, Le Calvé S, Mirabel P. Uptake Measurements of Ethanol on Ice Surfaces and on Supercooled Aqueous Solutions Doped with Nitric Acid between 213 and 243 K. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:925-31. [PMID: 17266234 DOI: 10.1021/jp0635011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of ethanol either on pure frozen ice surfaces or supercooled solutions doped with HNO3 (0.63 and 2.49 wt %) has been investigated using a coated wall flow tube coupled to a mass spectrometric detection. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range of 213-243 K. Uptake of ethanol on these surfaces was always found to be totally reversible whatever were the experimental conditions. The number of ethanol molecules adsorbed per surface unit was conventionally plotted as a function of ethanol concentration in the gas phase and subsequently analyzed using Langmuir's model. The amount of ethanol molecules taken up on nitric acid doped-ice surfaces was found to increase largely with increasing nitric acid concentrations. For example at 223 K, and for an ethanol gas-phase concentration of 1x10(13) molecules cm3, the number of adsorbed molecules are (in units of molecules cm-2): approximately 1.3x10(14) on pure ice; approximately 1.4x10(15) on ice doped with HNO3 0.63 wt %; approximately 7.5x10(15) on ice doped with HNO3, 2.49 wt %, i.e. 60 times larger than on pure ice. Since, according to the shape of the isotherms, the adsorption did not proceed beyond monolayer coverage, the enormous increase of ethanol uptake was explained by considering its dissolution in either a supercooled liquid layer (T<230 K) or a liquid solution (T>230 K). The formation of both was indeed favored by the presence of the HNO3. Our experimental results suggest that the amount of ethanol dissolved in such supercooled solutions follows Henry's law and that the Henry's law constants at low temperatures, i.e., 223-243 K, can be estimated by extrapolation from higher temperatures. Such supercooled solutions which exist in the troposphere either in deep convective clouds or in mixed clouds for temperature above 233 K, might be responsible for the scavenging of large amounts of soluble species, such as nitric and sulfuric acids, oxygenated VOCs including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerbrat
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface / CNRS and Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
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Behr P, Terziyski A, Zellner R. Acetone Adsorption on Ice Surfaces in the Temperature Range T = 190−220 K: Evidence for Aging Effects Due to Crystallographic Changes of the Adsorption Sites. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8098-107. [PMID: 16805496 DOI: 10.1021/jp0563742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rate and thermodynamics of the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces have been studied in the temperature range T = 190-220 K using a coated-wall flow tube reactor (CWFT) coupled with QMS detection. Ice films of 75 +/- 25 microm thickness were prepared by coating the reactor using a calibrated flow of water vapor. The rate coefficients for adsorption and desorption as well as adsorption isotherms have been derived from temporal profiles of the gas phase concentration at the exit of the flow reactor together with a kinetic model that has recently been developed in our group to simulate reversible adsorption in CWFTs (Behr, P.; Terziyski, A.; Zellner, R. Z. Phys. Chem. 2004, 218, 1307-1327). It is found that acetone adsorption is entirely reversible; the adsorption capacity, however, depends on temperature and decreases with the age of the ice film. The aging effect is most pronounced at low acetone gas-phase concentrations (< or = 2.0 x 10(11) molecules/cm(3)) and at low temperatures. Under these conditions, acetone is initially adsorbed with a high rate and high surface coverage that, upon aging, both become lower. This effect is explained by the existence of initially two adsorption sites (1) and (2), which differ in nature and number density and for which the relative fractions change with time. Using two-site dynamic modeling, the rate coefficients for adsorption (k(ads)) and desorption (k(des)) as well as the Langmuir constant (K(L)) and the maximum number of adsorption sites (c(s,max)), as obtained for the adsorption of acetone on sites of types (1) and (2) in the respective temperature range, are k(ads)(1) = 3.8 x 10(-14) T(0.5) cm(3) s(-1), k(des)(1) = 4.0 x 10(11) exp(-5773/T) s(-1), K(L) (1) = 6.3 x 10(-25) exp(5893/T) cm(3), c(s,max)(1) < or = 10(14) cm(-2) and k(ads)(2) = 2.9 x 10(-15) T(0.5) cm(3) s(-1), k(des)(2) = 1.5 x 10(7) exp(-3488/T) s(-1), K(L)(2) = 5.0 x 10(-22) exp(3849/T) cm(3), c(s,max)(2) = 6.0 x 10(14) cm(-2), respectively. On the basis of these results, the adsorption of acetone on aged ice occurs exclusively on sites of type (2). Among the possible explanations for the time-dependent two-site adsorption behavior, i.e., crystallographic differences, molecular or engraved microstructures, or a mixture of the two, we tentatively accept the former, i.e., that the two adsorption sites correspond to cubic (1, I(c)) and hexagonal (2, I(h)) sites. The temporal change of I(c) to I(h) and, hence, the time constants of aging are consistent with independent information in the literature on these phase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Behr
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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