“Abnormal” Salt and Solvent Effects on Anion/Cation Electron-Transfer Reactions: An Interpretation Based on Marcus−Hush Treatment

The Brönsted Equation: The Universal Equation?

This review shows that, taking the Brönsted equation as a starting point, the equations describing the kinetic effects of added salts, micelles, solvent, catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis), change in the electrode potential, and substituents can be established through thermodynamic considerations of these effects. In this sense, the Brönsted equation can be considered as the universal equation describing chemical reactivity.

Investigation on infrared spectra of androsterone in single solvents

The infrared absorption spectra of the androsterone in 19 pure organic solvents have been investigated. The carbonyl stretching vibration frequencies of androsterone observed in the solvents were correlated with the empirical parameters G, Swain parameters (A(j) and B(j)) and the linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). The applicabilities of different parameters were discussed and the solute-solvent interactions in single solvents were studied in detail. The correlation results indicated that the LSER is optimal for a complete description of solute-solvent interactions while G-values and Swain parameters are unilateral.

Oxidation of ferrocenes by copper(II) in aqueous acetonitrile: nitrate and chloride ion effects

The effect of nitrate and chloride ion on the rate of oxidation of ferrocene (Fc) and 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DmFc) by Cu(II) has been studied in 95% and 80% acetonitrile/water solutions. The complex formation constants for Cu(II) with the same anions in the same media have been determined by spectrophotometry. Nitrate ion mildly inhibits the reaction, while chloride ion substantially increases the rate. The results have been analyzed in terms of the Marcus theory, and it is concluded that complexation increases the rate of self-exchange between the CuII(X)n and CuI(X)n species. In the case of nitrate, the latter effect is compensated for by a less favorable overall equilibrium constant, which results in mild inhibition.