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Mirghaffari N, Iannarelli R, Ludwig C, Rossi MJ. Coexistence of reactive functional groups at the interface of a powdered activated amorphous carbon: a molecular view. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Iannarelli
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Safety Competence Center, EPFL RHO DSPS-SCC, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ludwig
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ENE LBK CPM, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Schlesinger D, Lowe SJ, Olenius T, Kong X, Pettersson JBC, Riipinen I. Molecular Perspective on Water Vapor Accommodation into Ice and Its Dependence on Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10879-10889. [PMID: 33319553 PMCID: PMC7872430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Accommodation
of vapor-phase water molecules into ice crystal surfaces
is a fundamental process controlling atmospheric ice crystal growth.
Experimental studies investigating the accommodation process with
various techniques report widely spread values of the water accommodation
coefficient on ice, αice, and the results on its
potential temperature dependence are inconclusive. We run molecular
dynamics simulations of molecules condensing onto the basal plane
of ice Ih using the TIP4P/Ice empirical
force field and characterize the accommodated state from this molecular
perspective, utilizing the interaction energy, the tetrahedrality
order parameter, and the distance below the instantaneous interface
as criteria. Changes of the order parameter turn out to be a suitable
measure to distinguish between the surface and bulk states of a molecule
condensing onto the disordered interface. In light of the findings
from the molecular dynamics, we discuss and re-analyze a recent experimental
data set on αice obtained with an environmental molecular
beam (EMB) setup [KongX.; 2014, 118 ( (22), ), 3973−397924814567] using
kinetic molecular flux modeling, aiming at a more comprehensive picture
of the accommodation process from a molecular perspective. These results
indicate that the experimental observations indeed cannot be explained
by evaporation alone. At the same time, our results raise the issue
of rapidly growing relaxation times upon decreasing temperature, challenging
future experimental efforts to cover relevant time scales. Finally,
we discuss the relevance of the water accommodation coefficient on
ice in the context of atmospheric cloud particle growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schlesinger
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel J Lowe
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Abstract
Amorphous solid water is probably the most abundant form of solid water in the universe. Its saturation vapor pressure and thermodynamic properties, however, are not well known. We have investigated the saturation vapor pressure over vapor-deposited amorphous ice at temperatures between 133 and 147 K using a novel experimental method. The new method determines the absolute vapor pressures and the sublimation rates by measuring the mass growth rates of ice-covered nanoparticles under supersaturated water vapor conditions. We find that the vapor pressure of amorphous solid water is up to a factor of 3 higher than that predicted by current parameterizations, which are based in part on calorimetric measurements. We demonstrate that the calorimetric measurements can be reconciled with our data by acknowledging the formation of nanocrystalline ice as an intermediate ice phase during the crystallization of amorphous ice. As a result, we propose a new value for the enthalpy of crystallization of amorphous solid water of Δ H = 2312 ± 227 J/mol, which is about 1000 J/mol higher than the current consensus. Our results shine a new light on the abundance of water ice clouds on Mars and mesospheric clouds on Earth and may alter our understanding of ice formation in the stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
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4
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Kong X, Toubin C, Habartova A, Pluharova E, Roeselova M, Pettersson JBC. Rapid Water Transport through Organic Layers on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4861-4868. [PMID: 29741896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Processes involving atmospheric aerosol and cloud particles are affected by condensation of organic compounds that are omnipresent in the atmosphere. On ice particles, organic compounds with hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with the ice and orient their hydrophobic groups away from the surface. The organic layer has been expected to constitute a barrier to gas uptake, but recent experimental studies suggest that the accommodation of water molecules on ice is only weakly affected by condensed short-chain alcohol layers. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the water interactions with n-butanol covered ice at 200 K and show that the small effect of the condensed layer is due to efficient diffusion of water molecules along the surface plane while seeking appropriate sites to penetrate, followed by penetration driven by the combined attractive forces from butanol OH groups and water molecules within the ice. The water molecules that penetrate through the n-butanol layer become strongly bonded by approximately three hydrogen bonds at the butanol-ice interface. The obtained accommodation coefficient (0.81 ± 0.03) is in excellent agreement with results from previous environmental molecular beam experiments, leading to a picture where an adsorbed n-butanol layer does not alter the apparent accommodation coefficient but dramatically changes the detailed molecular dynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Céline Toubin
- Laboratoire PhLAM, UMR 8523 , Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Alena Habartova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejskova 2155/3 , CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Roeselova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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5
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Kong X, Thomson ES, Papagiannakopoulos P, Johansson SM, Pettersson JBC. Water accommodation on ice and organic surfaces: insights from environmental molecular beam experiments. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13378-86. [PMID: 25079605 DOI: 10.1021/jp5044046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water uptake on aerosol and cloud particles in the atmosphere modifies their chemistry and microphysics with important implications for climate on Earth. Here, we apply an environmental molecular beam (EMB) method to characterize water accommodation on ice and organic surfaces. The adsorption of surface-active compounds including short-chain alcohols, nitric acid, and acetic acid significantly affects accommodation of D2O on ice. n-Hexanol and n-butanol adlayers reduce water uptake by facilitating rapid desorption and function as inefficient barriers for accommodation as well as desorption of water, while the effect of adsorbed methanol is small. Water accommodation is close to unity on nitric-acid- and acetic-acid-covered ice, and accommodation is significantly more efficient than that on the bare ice surface. Water uptake is inefficient on solid alcohols and acetic acid but strongly enhanced on liquid phases including a quasi-liquid layer on solid n-butanol. The EMB method provides unique information on accommodation and rapid kinetics on volatile surfaces, and these studies suggest that adsorbed organic and acidic compounds need to be taken into account when describing water at environmental interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Papagiannakopoulos P, Kong X, Thomson ES, Pettersson JBC. Water Interactions with Acetic Acid Layers on Ice and Graphite. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13333-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503552w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Kinetics, University of Crete, GR-71 003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Kong X, Papagiannakopoulos P, Thomson ES, Marković N, Pettersson JBC. Water Accommodation and Desorption Kinetics on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3973-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikola Marković
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Abstract
A solid water phase commonly known as "cubic ice" or "ice I(c)" is frequently encountered in various transitions between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of the water substance. It may form, e.g., by water freezing or vapor deposition in the Earth's atmosphere or in extraterrestrial environments, and plays a central role in various cryopreservation techniques; its formation is observed over a wide temperature range from about 120 K up to the melting point of ice. There was multiple and compelling evidence in the past that this phase is not truly cubic but composed of disordered cubic and hexagonal stacking sequences. The complexity of the stacking disorder, however, appears to have been largely overlooked in most of the literature. By analyzing neutron diffraction data with our stacking-disorder model, we show that correlations between next-nearest layers are clearly developed, leading to marked deviations from a simple random stacking in almost all investigated cases. We follow the evolution of the stacking disorder as a function of time and temperature at conditions relevant to atmospheric processes; a continuous transformation toward normal hexagonal ice is observed. We establish a quantitative link between the crystallite size established by diffraction and electron microscopic images of the material; the crystallite size evolves from several nanometers into the micrometer range with progressive annealing. The crystallites are isometric with markedly rough surfaces parallel to the stacking direction, which has implications for atmospheric sciences.
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9
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Killelea DR, Gibson KD, Yuan H, Becker JS, Sibener SJ. Dynamics of the sputtering of water from ice films by collisions with energetic xenon atoms. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:144705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3699041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Romanias MN, Zogka AG, Papadimitriou VC, Papagiannakopoulos P. Uptake Measurements of Acetic Acid on Ice and Nitric Acid-Doped Thin Ice Films over Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:2198-208. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205196t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Romanias
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonia G. Zogka
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Kinetics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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11
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Pratte P, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous Chemistry of Cl 2O and HOCl on Frozen Natural Sea Salt, Recrystallized Sea Salt, KCl and NaCl Solutions at 200 and 215 K. Z PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The HOCl heterogeneous reaction on frozen natural (NSS) and recrystallized (RSS) sea salt, KCl and NaCl solutions was studied using a low pressure flow reactor in order to measure the uptake coefficient γ and products of reaction. The HOCl sample used in these experiments always contained up to 25% Cl2O which was also studied separately as a pure gas in order to understand the heterogeneous chemistry of both gases. By performing HOCl uptake on frozen NSS solution at 200 K and a gas-phase residence time of (1.6±0.6) s we obtained a steady state uptake coefficient γHOCl on NSS = (2.5±0.7)×10-3 and γCl2O on NSS = (2.8±0.8)×10-3. On frozen KCl solution at 200 K we obtain γHOCl on KCl = (2.8±1.3)×10-3, identical to NSS, and γCl2O on KCl = (4.6±0.8)×10-4. The main product formed during the uptake on frozen NSS solution is Cl2 which is sustained for at least one hour. In contrast, only a transient Cl2 flow (pulse) decreasing on the time scale of 100 s was observed on frozen KCl (NaCl) solution. 25±10 % of the HOCl taken up on all chloride-containing frozen substrates at 200 K react to produce Cl2 at high HOCl concentration (4.5×1011 molecule cm-3) and at a residence time of 1.6 s in comparison with twice that for Cl2O. For smaller concentrations such as [HOCl] = 3.7×1010 molecule cm-3 and/or a shorter residence time (0.137±0.004s), HOCl uptake did not generate Cl2 in contrast to Cl2O. A single Br2 burst event was monitored when a Cl2O or HOCl/Cl2O mixture is taken up on fresh frozen NSS solution during the first uptake at 200 K. Further Cl2O or HOCl/Cl2O uptake on the same sample, even after annealing at 240 K does not show an additional Br2 pulse. This Br2 release may be significant in the autocatalytic ozone destruction mechanism in the troposphere during polar sunrise. Some of the atmospheric implications of the present results are highlighted with emphasis on the preequilibrium Cl2O(ads) + H2O(ice) ↔ 2 HOCl(ads) between adsorbed HOCl and Cl2O, with the latter being the gateway to reactive uptake of HOCl at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pratte
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et sol (LPA, Lausanne, Schweiz
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12
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Peter T, Marcolli C, Spichtinger P, Corti T, Baker MB, Koop T. When Dry Air Is Too Humid. Science 2006; 314:1399-402. [PMID: 17138887 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Behr P, Terziyski A, Zellner R. Acetone Adsorption on Ice Surfaces in the Temperature Range T = 190−220 K: Evidence for Aging Effects Due to Crystallographic Changes of the Adsorption Sites. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8098-107. [PMID: 16805496 DOI: 10.1021/jp0563742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rate and thermodynamics of the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces have been studied in the temperature range T = 190-220 K using a coated-wall flow tube reactor (CWFT) coupled with QMS detection. Ice films of 75 +/- 25 microm thickness were prepared by coating the reactor using a calibrated flow of water vapor. The rate coefficients for adsorption and desorption as well as adsorption isotherms have been derived from temporal profiles of the gas phase concentration at the exit of the flow reactor together with a kinetic model that has recently been developed in our group to simulate reversible adsorption in CWFTs (Behr, P.; Terziyski, A.; Zellner, R. Z. Phys. Chem. 2004, 218, 1307-1327). It is found that acetone adsorption is entirely reversible; the adsorption capacity, however, depends on temperature and decreases with the age of the ice film. The aging effect is most pronounced at low acetone gas-phase concentrations (< or = 2.0 x 10(11) molecules/cm(3)) and at low temperatures. Under these conditions, acetone is initially adsorbed with a high rate and high surface coverage that, upon aging, both become lower. This effect is explained by the existence of initially two adsorption sites (1) and (2), which differ in nature and number density and for which the relative fractions change with time. Using two-site dynamic modeling, the rate coefficients for adsorption (k(ads)) and desorption (k(des)) as well as the Langmuir constant (K(L)) and the maximum number of adsorption sites (c(s,max)), as obtained for the adsorption of acetone on sites of types (1) and (2) in the respective temperature range, are k(ads)(1) = 3.8 x 10(-14) T(0.5) cm(3) s(-1), k(des)(1) = 4.0 x 10(11) exp(-5773/T) s(-1), K(L) (1) = 6.3 x 10(-25) exp(5893/T) cm(3), c(s,max)(1) < or = 10(14) cm(-2) and k(ads)(2) = 2.9 x 10(-15) T(0.5) cm(3) s(-1), k(des)(2) = 1.5 x 10(7) exp(-3488/T) s(-1), K(L)(2) = 5.0 x 10(-22) exp(3849/T) cm(3), c(s,max)(2) = 6.0 x 10(14) cm(-2), respectively. On the basis of these results, the adsorption of acetone on aged ice occurs exclusively on sites of type (2). Among the possible explanations for the time-dependent two-site adsorption behavior, i.e., crystallographic differences, molecular or engraved microstructures, or a mixture of the two, we tentatively accept the former, i.e., that the two adsorption sites correspond to cubic (1, I(c)) and hexagonal (2, I(h)) sites. The temporal change of I(c) to I(h) and, hence, the time constants of aging are consistent with independent information in the literature on these phase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Behr
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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