1
|
Becker D, Dierking CW, Suchan J, Zurheide F, Lengyel J, Fárník M, Slavíček P, Buck U, Zeuch T. Temperature evolution in IR action spectroscopy experiments with sodium doped water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7682-7695. [PMID: 33496289 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of supersonic expansions with IR action spectroscopy techniques is the basis of many successful approaches to study cluster structure and dynamics. The effects of temperature and temperature evolution are important with regard to both the cluster synthesis and the cluster dynamics upon IR excitation. In the past the combination of the sodium doping technique with IR excitation enhanced near threshold photoionization has been successfully applied to study neutral, especially water clusters. In this work we follow an overall examination approach for inspecting the interplay of cluster temperature and cluster structure in the initial cooling process and in the IR excitation induced heating of the clusters. In molecular simulations, we study the temperature dependent photoionization spectra of the sodium doped clusters and the evaporative cooling process by water molecule ejection at the cluster surface. We present a comprehensive analysis that provides constraints for the temperature evolution from the nozzle to cluster detection in the mass spectrometer. We attribute the IR action effect to the strong temperature dependence of sodium solvation in the IR excited clusters and we discuss the effects of geometry changes during the IR multi-photon absorption process with regard to application prospects of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Becker
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lippe M, Szczepaniak U, Hou GL, Chakrabarty S, Ferreiro JJ, Chasovskikh E, Signorell R. Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of CO2 Clusters during Nucleation and Growth. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2426-2437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lippe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Szczepaniak
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Satrajit Chakrabarty
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge J. Ferreiro
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Egor Chasovskikh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakker JM, Jalink J, Dieleman D, Kirilyuk A. Structural determination of neutral Co n clusters (n = 4-10,13) through IR-UV two-color vibrational spectroscopy and DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:494003. [PMID: 30451159 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaebf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We recorded IR spectra for neutral cobalt clusters via two-color IR-UV ionization, using the Free Electron Laser for intracavity experiments (FELICE). Well-resolved IR spectra are presented for [Formula: see text] (n = 4-10, 13) and analyzed with the help of Density Functional Theory calculations using two different correlation exchange functionals: the revisited Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria (revTPSS) and the frequently used Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approaches. Although we have not performed an extensive structure search, we tentatively assign the spectra for all cluster sizes except for n = 7, and n = 10. We find that neither of the two functionals chosen clearly outperforms the other in predicting IR spectra, and that relatively low scaling factors of 0.82 (PBE) and 0.8 (revTPSS) are required. In contrast to the magnetic moments, the calculated electric dipole moments fluctuate strongly as a function of cluster size and could therefore be used as an indirect probe to the cluster structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bende A, Gaele MF, Di Palma TM. UV Photoionization of Sodium-Doped Formic Acid Clusters. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2724-2734. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bende
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department; National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies; Donat Street, No 67-103 RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Maria F. Gaele
- Istituto Motori-National Research Council of Italy; Via Marconi 4 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Tonia M. Di Palma
- Istituto Motori-National Research Council of Italy; Via Marconi 4 80125 Napoli Italy
- Correspondence to: Istituto Motori-CNR; Via Marconi 8 80125 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lifetimes and energetics of the first electronically excited states of NaH2O from time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Dierking CW, Zurheide F, Zeuch T, Med J, Parez S, Slavíček P. Revealing isomerism in sodium-water clusters: Photoionization spectra of Na(H2O)n (n = 2–90). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:244303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4986520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W. Dierking
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Zurheide
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Med
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Parez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhan H, Hu Y, Wang P, Chen J. Dominant conformer of tetrahydropyran-2-methanol and its clusters in the gas phase explored by the use of VUV photoionization and vibrational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:134303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Zhan
- MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng Z, Liu CW, Hou GL, Feng G, Xu HG, Gao YQ, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of Li(H₂O)n(-) and Cs(H₂O)n(-) (n = 1-6) clusters. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:2845-56. [PMID: 25723570 DOI: 10.1021/jp512177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Li(H2O)n(-) and Cs(H2O)n(-) (n = 0-6) clusters were studied using anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations. It was found that Li tends to be surrounded by water molecules with no water-water H-bonds being formed in the first hydration shell; while Cs sticks on the surface of water-water H-bonds network. The Li atom in its anionic or neutral state is surrounded by four water molecules through Li-O interactions within the first hydration shell; while the case of Cs is different. For the anionic Cs(H2O)n(-) clusters, two types of structures, namely H-end and O-end structures, were identified, with nearly degenerate energies. For the neutral Cs(H2O)n clusters, only O-end structures exist and the first hydration shell of the Cs atom has four water molecules. The different hydration nature of Li and Cs atoms can be ascribed to the delicate balance between the alkali metal-water interactions and the water-water interactions as well as the effect of excess electron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Feng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Qin Gao
- ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jalink J, Bakker JM, Rasing T, Kirilyuk A. Channeling Vibrational Energy To Probe the Electronic Density of States in Metal Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:750-754. [PMID: 26262498 DOI: 10.1021/jz502669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic density of states (DOS) of isolated neutral cobalt clusters by probing the temperature-modulated population of electronic states through UV photoionization. The temperature is controlled via resonant excitation of lattice vibrations using the free-electron laser FELICE, after which the vibrational and electronic systems equilibrate through the electron-phonon coupling, redistributing the population of electronic states. The data are analyzed by surface photoemission theory, modified to incorporate the realistic DOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Jalink
- †Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost M Bakker
- ‡Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rasing
- †Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrei Kirilyuk
- †Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zurheide F, Dierking CW, Pradzynski CC, Forck RM, Flüggen F, Buck U, Zeuch T. Size-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Structural Transitions in Sodium-Doped (H2O)n Clusters Containing 10–100 Water Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2709-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509883m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zurheide
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph W. Dierking
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph C. Pradzynski
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard M. Forck
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Flüggen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Udo Buck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Am Faßberg 17, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstaße
6, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Müller JP, Zhavoronkov N, Hertel IV, Schulz CP. Time-resolved excited state energetics of the solvated electron in sodium-doped water clusters. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8517-24. [PMID: 24936724 DOI: 10.1021/jp502238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The energetics and dynamics of the first electronically excited state of solvated electron in sodium-doped water clusters has been studied, by means of time-resolved electron spectra created in a pump-probe fs-laser experiment. The Na ··· (H2O)n clusters were excited by pulses at a wavelength of 795 nm, while ionization was achieved at a wavelength of 398 nm, and the overall cross-correlation fwhm was about 50 fs. Mass-resolved electron spectra were taken using photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy for cluster sizes ranging from n = 1 up to 22. The electron spectra give new insights into the dynamics of the excited state of solvated electrons in Na ··· (H2O)n clusters. These dynamics are compared to known results for water cluster anions. In both cases, the observed dynamics are a combination of solvent rearrangement and internal energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Müller
- Max-Born-Institute , Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buck U, Pradzynski CC, Zeuch T, Dieterich JM, Hartke B. A size resolved investigation of large water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:6859-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Fujii A, Mizuse K. Infrared spectroscopic studies on hydrogen-bonded water networks in gas phase clusters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.760836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Mizuse K, Fujii A. Infrared spectroscopy of large protonated water clusters H+(H2O)20–50 cooled by inert gas attachment. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Pradzynski CC, Forck RM, Zeuch T, Slavicek P, Buck U. A Fully Size-Resolved Perspective on the Crystallization of Water Clusters. Science 2012; 337:1529-32. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1225468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
17
|
Forck RM, Pradzynski CC, Wolff S, Ončák M, Slavíček P, Zeuch T. Size resolved infrared spectroscopy of Na(CH3OH)n (n = 4–7) clusters in the OH stretching region: unravelling the interaction of methanol clusters with a sodium atom and the emergence of the solvated electron. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3004-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Forck RM, Dieterich JM, Pradzynski CC, Huchting AL, Mata RA, Zeuch T. Structural diversity in sodium doped water trimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9054-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Hamashima T, Mizuse K, Fujii A. Spectral Signatures of Four-Coordinated Sites in Water Clusters: Infrared Spectroscopy of Phenol−(H2O)n (∼20 ≤ n ≤ ∼50). J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:620-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111586p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hamashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Donald WA, Demireva M, Leib RD, Aiken MJ, Williams ER. Electron Hydration and Ion−Electron Pairs in Water Clusters Containing Trivalent Metal Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4633-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9079385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Donald
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Maria Demireva
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Ryan D. Leib
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - M. Jeannette Aiken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang F, Wang X, Yang M, Krishtal A, van Alsenoy C, Delarue P, Senet P. Effect of hydrogen bonds on polarizability of a water molecule in (H2O)N (N = 6, 10, 20) isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9239-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c001007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Carrera A, Mobbili M, Marceca E. Electric susceptibility of sodium-doped water clusters by beam deflection. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2711-4. [PMID: 19296705 DOI: 10.1021/jp809411p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The electric susceptibility of neutral sodium-doped water clusters Na(H(2)O)(N), N = 6-33, was determined by beam electric deflection. The clusters behave as polarizable particles; their intensity profiles exhibit global shifts toward the high-field region without the occurrence of broadening. In the conditions of the experiment, sodium-water clusters have a "floppy" structure and hence the electric susceptibility presents both electronic and orientacional terms. Measured susceptibilities are somewhat higher than those of pure water clusters, and the contribution per water molecule is similar for both cluster types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Carrera
- INQUIMAE-DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cwiklik L, Buck U, Kulig W, Kubisiak P, Jungwirth P. A sodium atom in a large water cluster: electron delocalization and infrared spectra. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:154306. [PMID: 18433208 DOI: 10.1063/1.2902970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations modeling low-energy collisions of a sodium atom with a cluster with more than 30 water molecules are presented. We follow the dynamics of the atom-cluster interaction and the delocalization of the valence electron of sodium together with the changes in the electron binding energy. This electron tends to be shared by the nascent sodium cation and the water cluster. IR spectra of the sodium-water cluster are both computationally and experimentally obtained, with a good agreement between the two approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Cwiklik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dauster I, Suhm MA, Buck U, Zeuch T. Experimental and theoretical study of the microsolvation of sodium atoms in methanol clusters: differences and similarities to sodium–water and sodium–ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:83-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b711568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Buck U, Dauster I, Gao B, Liu ZF. Infrared Spectroscopy of Small Sodium-Doped Water Clusters: Interaction with the Solvated Electron. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12355-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075717o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Buck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Bunsenstrasse 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Dauster
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Studying metal ion solvation, especially hydration, in the gas phase has developed into a field that is dominated by a tight interaction between experiment and theory. Since the studied species carry charge, mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool in all experiments. Whereas gas-phase coordination chemistry and reactions of bare metal ions are reasonably well understood, systems containing a larger number of solvent molecules are still difficult to understand. This review focuses on the rich chemistry of hydrated metal ions in the gas phase, covering coordination chemistry, charge separation in multiply charged systems, as well as intracluster and ion-molecule reactions. Key ideas of metal ion solvation in the gas phase are illustrated with rare-gas solvated metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C4, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Computational studies of aqueous-phase photochemistry and the hydrated electron in finite-size clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3818-29. [PMID: 17637974 DOI: 10.1039/b704066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A survey of recent ab initio calculations on excited electronic states of water clusters and various chromophore-water clusters is given. Electron and proton transfer processes in these systems have been characterized by the determination of electronic wave functions, minimum-energy reaction paths and potential-energy profiles. It is pointed out that the transfer of a neutral hydrogen atom (leading to biradicals) rather than the transfer of a proton (leading to ion pairs) is the generic excited-state reaction mechanism in these systems. The hydrated hydronium radical, (H3O)(aq), plays a central role in this scenario. The electronic and vibrational spectra of H3O(H2O)(n) clusters and the decay mechanism of these metastable species have been investigated in some detail. The results suggest that (H3O)(aq) could be the carrier of the characteristic spectroscopic properties of the hydrated electron in liquid water.
Collapse
|