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Edgecomb J, Nguyen DT, Tan S, Murugesan V, Johnson GE, Prabhakaran V. Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely-Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405846. [PMID: 38871656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular-level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely-defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single-entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state-of-the-art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well-defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Edgecomb
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Shuai Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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2
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Luo Z, Shehzad A. Advances in Naked Metal Clusters for Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300715. [PMID: 38450926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry, and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of ligand-free naked metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to better understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Lee JY, Li A, Prabhakaran V, Zhang X, Harrilal CPP, Kovarik L, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD, Garimella SV. Mobility Selective Ion Soft-Landing and Characterization Enabled Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3373-3381. [PMID: 38345945 PMCID: PMC11191849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
While conventional ion-soft landing uses the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio to achieve molecular selection for deposition, here we demonstrate the use of Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulation (SLIM) for mobility-based ion selection and deposition. The dynamic rerouting capabilities of SLIM were leveraged to enable the rerouting of a selected range of mobilities to a different SLIM path (rather than MS) that terminated at a deposition surface. A selected mobility range from a phosphazene ion mixture was rerouted and deposited with a current pulse (∼150 pA) resembling its mobility peak. In addition, from a mixture of tetra-alkyl ammonium (TAA) ions containing chain lengths of C5-C8, selected chains (C6, C7) were collected on a surface, reconstituted into solution-phase, and subsequently analyzed with a SLIM-qToF to obtain an IMS/MS spectrum, confirming the identity of the selected species. Further, this method was used to characterize triply charged tungsten-polyoxometalate anions, PW12O403- (WPOM). The arrival time distribution of the IMS/MS showed multiple peaks associated with the triply charged anion (PW12O403-), of which a selected ATD was deposited and imaged using TEM. Additionally, the identity of the deposited WPOM was ascertained using energy-dispersive (EDS) spectroscopy. Further, we present theory and computations that reveal ion landing energies, the ability to modulate the energies, and deposition spot sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Y. Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | - Ailin Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | | | - Libor Kovarik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
| | - Sandilya V.B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 99354
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4
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Walz A, Stoiber K, Huettig A, Schlichting H, Barth JV. Navigate Flying Molecular Elephants Safely to the Ground: Mass-Selective Soft Landing up to the Mega-Dalton Range by Electrospray Controlled Ion-Beam Deposition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7767-7778. [PMID: 35609119 PMCID: PMC9178560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prototype of a highly versatile and efficient preparative mass spectrometry system used for the deposition of molecules in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is presented, along with encouraging performance data obtained using four model species that are thermolabile or not sublimable. The test panel comprises two small organic compounds, a small and very large protein, and a large DNA species covering a 4-log mass range up to 1.7 MDa as part of a broad spectrum of analyte species evaluated to date. Three designs of innovative ion guides, a novel digital mass-selective quadrupole (dQMF), and a standard electrospray ionization (ESI) source are combined to an integrated device, abbreviated electrospray controlled ion-beam deposition (ES-CIBD). Full control is achieved by (i) the square-wave-driven radiofrequency (RF) ion guides with steadily tunable frequencies, including a dQMF allowing for investigation, purification, and deposition of a virtually unlimited m/z range, (ii) the adjustable landing energy of ions down to ∼2 eV/z enabling integrity-preserving soft landing, (iii) the deposition in UHV with high ion beam intensity (up to 3 nA) limiting contaminations and deposition time, and (iv) direct coverage control via the deposited charge. The maximum resolution of R = 650 and overall efficiency up to Ttotal = 4.4% calculated from the solution to UHV deposition are advantageous, whereby the latter can be further enhanced by optimizing ionization performance. In the setup presented, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is attached for in situ UHV investigations of deposited species, demonstrating a selective, structure-preserving process and atomically clean layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Gu M, Yang L, Hase WL, Sun J, Zhang J. Energy Transfer of Peptide Ions Colliding with a Self‐Assembled Monolayer Surface. The Influence of Peptide Ion Size. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Li Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech University Lubbock TX 79401 USA
| | - Jianmin Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
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Laskin J, Hu Q. Reactive Landing of Gramicidin S and Ubiquitin Ions onto Activated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1304-1312. [PMID: 28290125 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using mass-selected ion deposition combined with in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), we examined the reactive landing of gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions onto activated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces terminated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-SAM) and acyl fluoride (COF-SAM) groups. Doubly protonated gramicidin S, [GS + 2H]2+, and two charge states of ubiquitin, [U + 5H]5+ and [U + 13H]13+, were used as model systems, allowing us to explore the effect of the number of free amino groups and the secondary structure on the efficiency of covalent bond formation between the projectile ion and the surface. For all projectile ions, ion deposition resulted in the depletion of IRRAS bands corresponding to the terminal groups on the SAM and the appearance of several new bands not associated with the deposited species. These new bands were assigned to the C=O stretching vibrations of COOH and COO- groups formed on the surface as a result of ion deposition. The presence of these bands was attributed to an alternative reactive landing pathway that competes with covalent bond formation. This pathway with similar yields for both gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions is analogous to the hydrolysis of the NHS ester bond in solution. The covalent bond formation efficiency increased linearly with the number of free amino groups and was found to be lower for the more compact conformation of ubiquitin compared with the fully unfolded conformation. This observation was attributed to the limited availability of amino groups on the surface of the folded conformation. Our results have provided new insights on the efficiency and mechanism of reactive landing of peptides and proteins onto activated SAMs. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Qichi Hu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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7
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Pratihar S, Barnes GL, Laskin J, Hase WL. Dynamics of Protonated Peptide Ion Collisions with Organic Surfaces: Consonance of Simulation and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3142-3150. [PMID: 27467857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, mass spectrometry experiments and chemical dynamics simulations are described that have explored the atomistic dynamics of protonated peptide ions, peptide-H(+), colliding with organic surfaces. These studies have investigated the energy transfer and fragmentation dynamics for peptide-H(+) surface-induced dissociation (SID), peptide-H(+) physisorption on the surface, soft landing (SL), and peptide-H(+) reaction with the surface, reactive landing (RL). SID provides primary structures of biological ions and information regarding their fragmentation pathways and energetics. Two SID mechanisms are found for peptide-H(+) fragmentation. A traditional mechanism in which peptide-H(+) is vibrationally excited by its collision with the surface, rebounds off the surface and then dissociates in accord with the statistical, RRKM unimolecular rate theory. The other, shattering, is a nonstatistical mechanism in which peptide-H(+) fragments as it collides with the surface, dissociating via many pathways and forming many product ions. Shattering is important for collisions with diamond and perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surfaces, increasing in importance with the peptide-H(+) collision energy. Chemical dynamics simulations also provide important mechanistic insights on SL and RL of biological ions on surfaces. The simulations indicate that SL occurs via multiple mechanisms consisting of sequences of peptide-H(+) physisorption on and penetration in the surface. SL and RL have a broad range of important applications including preparation of protein or peptide microarrays, development of biocompatible substrates and biosensors, and preparation of novel synthetic materials, including nanomaterials. An important RL mechanism is intact deposition of peptide-H(+) on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - George L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College , Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999 K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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Pratihar S, Kim N, Kohale SC, Hase WL. Mechanistic details of energy transfer and soft landing in ala2-H(+) collisions with a F-SAM surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016. [PMID: 26214056 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous chemical dynamics simulations (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 23769-23778) were analyzed to delineate atomistic details for collision of N-protonated dialanine (ala2-H(+)) with a C8 perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface. Initial collision energies Ei of 5-70 eV and incident angles θi of 0° and 45°, with the surface normal, were considered. Four trajectory types were identified: (1) direct scattering; (2) temporary sticking/physisorption on top of the surface; (3) temporary penetration of the surface with additional physisorption on the surface; and (4) trapping on/in the surface, by physisorption or surface penetration, when the trajectory is terminated. Direct scattering increases from 12 to 100% as Ei is increased from 5 to 70 eV. For the direct scattering at 70 eV, at least one ala2-H(+) heavy atom penetrated the surface for all of the trajectories. For ∼33% of the trajectories all eleven of the ala2-H(+) heavy atoms penetrated the F-SAM at the time of deepest penetration. The importance of trapping decreased with increase in Ei, decreasing from 84 to 0% with Ei increase from 5 to 70 eV at θi = 0°. Somewhat surprisingly, the collisional energy transfers to the F-SAM surface and ala2-H(+) are overall insensitive to the trajectory type. The energy transfer to ala2-H(+) is primarily to vibration, with the transfer to rotation ∼10% or less. Adsorption and then trapping of ala2-H(+) is primarily a multi-step process, and the following five trapping mechanisms were identified: (i) physisorption-penetration-physisorption (phys-pen-phys); (ii) penetration-physisorption-penetration (pen-phys-pen); (iii) penetration-physisorption (pen-phys); (iv) physisorption-penetration (phys-pen); and (v) only physisorption (phys). For Ei = 5 eV, the pen-phys-pen, pen-phys, phys-pen, and phys trapping mechanisms have similar probabilities. For 13.5 eV, the phys-pen mechanism, important at 5 eV, is unimportant. The radius of gyration of ala2-H(+) was calculated once it is trapped on/in the F-SAM surface and trapping decreases the ion's compactness, in part by breaking hydrogen bonds. The ala2-H(+) + F-SAM simulations are compared with the penetration and trapping dynamics found in previous simulations of projectile + organic surface collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA.
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9
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Hu Q, Laskin J. Secondary Structures of Ubiquitin Ions Soft-Landed onto Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4927-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichi Hu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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10
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Johnson GE, Laskin J. Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:3573-89. [PMID: 27221357 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because "each-atom-counts" toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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Gunaratne KDD, Prabhakaran V, Andersen A, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Charge retention of soft-landed phosphotungstate Keggin anions on self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9021-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preferential immobilization of the 2− charge state observed for polyoxotungstate Keggin anions soft-landed onto self-assembled monolayer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amity Andersen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Richland
- USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Richland
- USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Richland
- USA
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13
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Pratihar S, Kohale SC, Bhakta DG, Laskin J, Hase WL. Dynamics of energy transfer and soft-landing in collisions of protonated dialanine with perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23769-78. [PMID: 25274280 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03535f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical dynamics simulations are reported which provide atomistic details of collisions of protonated dialanine, ala2-H(+), with a perfluorinated octanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface. The simulations are performed at collision energies Ei of 5.0, 13.5, 22.5, 30.00, and 70 eV, and incident angles 0° (normal) and 45° (grazing). Excellent agreement with experiment (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 9703-9714) is found for both the average fraction and distribution of the collision energy transferred to the ala2-H(+) internal degrees of freedom. The dominant pathway for this energy transfer is to ala2-H(+) vibration, but for Ei = 5.0 eV ∼20% of the energy transfer is to ala2-H(+) rotation. Energy transfer to ala2-H(+) rotation decreases with increase in Ei and becomes negligible at high Ei. Three types of collisions are observed in the simulations: i.e. those for which ala2-H(+) (1) directly scatters off the F-SAM surface; (2) sticks/physisorbs on/in the surface, but desorbs within the 10 ps numerical integration of the simulations; and (3) remains trapped (i.e. soft-landed) on/in the surface when the simulations are terminated. Penetration of the F-SAM by ala2-H(+) is important for the latter two types of events. The trapped trajectories are expected to have relatively long residence times on the surface, since a previous molecular dynamics simulation (J. Phys. Chem. B, 2014, 118, 5577-5588) shows that thermally accommodated ala2-H(+) ions have an binding energy with the F-SAM surface of at least ∼15 kcal mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA.
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14
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Dubey G, Urcuyo R, Abb S, Rinke G, Burghard M, Rauschenbach S, Kern K. Chemical Modification of Graphene via Hyperthermal Molecular Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13482-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5046499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girjesh Dubey
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roberto Urcuyo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Abb
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gordon Rinke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Pratihar S, Kohale SC, Vázquez SA, Hase WL. Intermolecular potential for binding of protonated peptide ions with perfluorinated hydrocarbon surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5577-88. [PMID: 24779856 DOI: 10.1021/jp410886s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytic potential energy function was developed to model both short-range and long-range interactions between protonated peptide ions and perfluorinated hydrocarbon chains. The potential function is defined as a sum of two-body potentials of the Buckingham form. The parameters of the two-body potentials were obtained by fits to intermolecular potential energy curves (IPECs) calculated for CF4, which represents the F and C atoms of a perfluoroalkane chain, interacting with small molecules chosen as representatives of the main functional groups and atoms present in protonated peptide ions: specifically, CH4, NH3, NH4(+), and HCOOH. The IPECs were calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, with basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrections. Good fits were obtained for an energy range extending up to about 400 kcal/mol. It is shown that the pair potentials derived from the NH3/CF4 and HCOOH/CF4 fits reproduce acceptably well the intermolecular interactions in HCONH2/CF4, which indicates that the parameters obtained for the amine and carbonyl atoms may be transferable to the corresponding atoms of the amide group. The derived potential energy function may be used in chemical dynamics simulations of collisions of peptide-H(+) ions with perfluorinated hydrocarbon surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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Smith RD. Honoring Dr. Jean H. Futrell. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:699-701. [PMID: 24627182 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,
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Cyriac J, Pradeep T, Kang H, Souda R, Cooks RG. Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5356-411. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - T. Pradeep
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - H. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747,
Republic of Korea
| | - R. Souda
- International
Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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Nogueira JJ, Sánchez-Coronilla A, Marques JM, Hase WL, Martínez-Núñez E, Vázquez SA. Intermolecular potentials for simulations of collisions of SiNCS+ and (CH3)2SiNCS+ ions with fluorinated self-assembled monolayers. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Johnson GE, Priest T, Laskin J. Charge retention by gold clusters on surfaces prepared using soft landing of mass selected ions. ACS NANO 2012; 6:573-582. [PMID: 22136556 DOI: 10.1021/nn2039565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse gold clusters have been prepared on surfaces in different charge states through soft landing of mass-selected ions. Ligand-stabilized gold clusters were prepared in methanol solution by reduction of chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) with borane tert-butylamine complex in the presence of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane. Electrospray ionization was used to introduce the clusters into the gas phase, and mass selection was employed to isolate a single ionic cluster species (Au(11)L(5)(3+), L = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), which was delivered to surfaces at well-controlled kinetic energies. Using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), it is demonstrated that the Au(11)L(5)(3+) cluster retains its 3+ charge state when soft landed onto the surface of a 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol self-assembled monolayer (FSAM) on gold. In contrast, when deposited onto 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (COOH-SAM) and 1-dodecanethiol (HSAM) surfaces on gold, the clusters exhibit larger relative abundances of the 2+ and 1+ charge states, respectively. The kinetics of charge reduction on the FSAM and HSAM surfaces are investigated using in situ Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) SIMS. It is shown that an extremely slow interfacial charge reduction occurs on the FSAM surface while an almost instantaneous neutralization takes place on the surface of the HSAM. Our results demonstrate that the size and charge state of small gold clusters on surfaces, both of which exert a dramatic influence on their chemical and physical properties, may be tuned through soft landing of mass-selected ions onto carefully selected substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Johnson GE, Hu Q, Laskin J. Soft landing of complex molecules on surfaces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:83-104. [PMID: 21370985 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft and reactive landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces has become a topic of substantial interest due to its promising potential for the highly controlled preparation of materials. For example, there are possible applications in the production of peptide and protein microarrays for use in high-throughput screening, protein separation and conformational enrichment of peptides, redox protein characterization, thin-film production, and the preparation of catalysts through deposition of clusters and organometallic complexes. Soft landing overcomes many of the limitations associated with conventional thin-film production techniques and offers unprecedented selectivity and specificity of preparation of deposited species. This review discusses the fundamental aspects of soft and reactive landing of mass-selected ions on surfaces that pertain to applications of these techniques in biomaterials, molecular electronics, catalysis, and interfacial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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22
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Corradini V, Cervetti C, Ghirri A, Biagi R, del Pennino U, Timco GA, Winpenny REP, Affronte M. Oxo-centered carboxylate-bridged trinuclear complexes deposited on Au(111) by a mass-selective electrospray. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Peng WP, Johnson GE, Fortmeyer IC, Wang P, Hadjar O, Cooks RG, Laskin J. Redox chemistry in thin layers of organometallic complexes prepared using ion soft landing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:267-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Johnson GE, Lysonski M, Laskin J. In Situ Reactivity and TOF-SIMS Analysis of Surfaces Prepared by Soft and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5718-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Michael Lysonski
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
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Hu Q, Wang P, Laskin J. Effect of the surface on the secondary structure of soft landed peptide ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12802-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00825g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Rauschenbach S, Vogelgesang R, Malinowski N, Gerlach JW, Benyoucef M, Costantini G, Deng Z, Thontasen N, Kern K. Electrospray ion beam deposition: soft-landing and fragmentation of functional molecules at solid surfaces. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2901-10. [PMID: 19775085 DOI: 10.1021/nn900022p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ion beam deposition (IBD) of rhodamine dye molecules on solid surfaces in high vacuum is explored in order to characterize the possibility of fabricating molecular coatings or nanostructures from nonvolatile molecules. Molecular ion beams with a well-defined composition are deposited on silicon oxide surfaces with a controlled kinetic energy. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) are employed in order to characterize the sample with respect to coverage, homogeneity, and the fraction of intact landed ions (soft-landing ratio). We find that homogeneous rhodamine films of defined composition can be produced at energies of 2-100 eV. The coverage is found to be proportional to the ion dose. Soft-landing is observed for energies up to 35 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, DE-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Mazzei F, Favero G, Frasconi M, Tata A, Pepi F. Electron-Transfer Kinetics of Microperoxidase-11 Covalently Immobilised onto the Surface of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Chemistry 2009; 15:7359-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Hu Q, Wang P, Gassman PL, Laskin J. In situ Studies of Soft- and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Using Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7302-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901149s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Peng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Paul L. Gassman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
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29
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Mayer PM, Poon C. The mechanisms of collisional activation of ions in mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:608-639. [PMID: 19326436 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article is a review of the mechanisms responsible for collisional activation of ions in mass spectrometers. Part I gives a general introduction to the processes occurring when a projectile ion and neutral target collide. The theoretical background to the physical phenomena of curve-crossing excitation (for electronic and vibrational excitation), impulsive collisions (for direct translational to vibrational energy transfer), and the formation of long-lived collision intermediates is presented. Part II highlights the experimental and computational investigations that have been made into collisional activation for four experimental conditions: high (>100 eV) and intermediate (1-100 eV) center-of-mass collision energies, slow heating collisions (multiple low-energy collisions) and collisions with surfaces. The emphasis in this section is on the derived post-collision internal energy distributions that have been found to be typical for projectile ions undergoing collisions in these regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mayer
- Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Nie Z, Li G, Goodwin MP, Gao L, Cyriac J, Cooks RG. In situ SIMS analysis and reactions of surfaces prepared by soft landing of mass-selected cations and anions using an ion trap mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:949-956. [PMID: 19318277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass-selected polyatomic cations and anions, produced by electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), were deposited onto polycrystalline Au or fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (FSAM) surfaces by soft landing (SL), using a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass spectrometer. Protonated and deprotonated molecules, as well as intact cations and anions generated from such molecules as peptides, inorganic catalysts, and fluorescent dyes, were soft-landed onto the surfaces. Analysis of the modified surfaces was performed in situ by Cs(+) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using the same RIT mass analyzer to characterize the sputtered ions as that used to mass select the primary ions for SL. Soft-landing times as short as 30 s provided surfaces that yielded good quality SIMS spectra. Chemical reactions of the surfaces modified by SL were generated in an attached reaction chamber into which the surface was transferred under vacuum. For example, a surface on which protonated triethanolamine had been soft landed was silylated using vapor-phase chlorotrimethylsilane before being returned still under vacuum to the preparation chamber where SIMS analysis revealed the silyloxy functionalization. SL and vapor-phase reactions are complementary methods of surface modification and in situ surface analysis by SIMS is a simple way to characterize the products produced by either technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxiu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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31
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Hadjar O, Wang P, Futrell JH, Laskin J. Effect of the surface on charge reduction and desorption kinetics of soft landed peptide ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:901-906. [PMID: 19211264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charge reduction and desorption kinetics of ions and neutral molecules produced by soft-landing of mass-selected singly and doubly protonated Gramicidin S (GS) on different surfaces was studied using time dependant in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) integrated in a specially designed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) research instrument. Soft-landing targets utilized in this study included inert self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-dodecane thiol (HSAM) and its fluorinated analog (FSAM) on gold and hydrophilic carboxyl-terminated (COOH-SAM) and amine-terminated (NH(2)-SAM) surfaces. We observed efficient neutralization of soft-landed ions on the COOH-SAM surface, partial retention of only one proton on the HSAM surface, and efficient retention of two protons on the FSAM surface. Slow desorption rates measured experimentally indicate fairly strong binding between peptide molecules and SAM surfaces with the binding energy of 20-25 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hadjar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Surface Modification Using Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Volný M, Sadílek M, Jackson KE, Diener M, Elam WT, Turecek F. Matrix-free laser desorption/ionization of ions landed on plasma-treated metal surfaces. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1265-1273. [PMID: 18338315 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report new experiments in which laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) was applied to detection and characterization of gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) that were reactively landed on plasma-treated stainless steel surfaces. The distributions of [M+H](+), [M+Na](+) and [M + K](+) ion species in LDI-TOF for gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) were found to be markedly different from those in conventional MALDI-TOF spectra of the same samples. LDI-TOF mass spectra showed a strong preference for [M+K](+) adducts even in the presence of a large excess of sodium cations, or following surface treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Alkali metal cations (K(+) and Cs(+)) can be exchanged in reactively landed peptide samples to provide the corresponding cationized peptide ions by LDI. Multiple charged trypsin cations were reactively landed into a layer of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid and ionized by LDI. The ionization mechanisms for LDI of surface-deposited peptides are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volný
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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Peng WP, Goodwin MP, Nie Z, Volný M, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Ion Soft Landing Using a Rectilinear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6640-9. [PMID: 18683953 DOI: 10.1021/ac800929w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Peng
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael Volný
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Wysocki VH, Jones CM, Galhena AS, Blackwell AE. Surface-induced dissociation shows potential to be more informative than collision-induced dissociation for structural studies of large systems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:903-13. [PMID: 18598898 PMCID: PMC4186222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to preserve noncovalent, macromolecular assemblies intact in the gas phase has paved the way for mass spectrometry to characterize ions of increasing size and become a powerful tool in the field of structural biology. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments have the potential to expand the capabilities of this technique through the gas-phase dissociation of macromolecular complexes, but collisions with small gas atoms currently provide very limited fragmentation. One alternative for dissociating large ions is to collide them into a surface, a more massive target. Here, we demonstrate the ability and benefit of fragmenting large protein complexes and inorganic salt clusters by surface-induced dissociation (SID), which provides more extensive fragmentation of these systems and shows promise as an activation method for ions of increasing size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki H Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 857-0041, USA.
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Galhena AS, Dagan S, Jones CM, Beardsley RL, Wysocki VH. Surface-induced dissociation of peptides and protein complexes in a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1425-36. [PMID: 18247517 DOI: 10.1021/ac701782q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel in-line surface-induced dissociation (SID) device was designed and implemented in a commercial QTOF instrument (Waters/Micromass QTOF II). This new setup allows efficient SID for a broad range of molecules. It also allows direct comparison with conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) on the same instrument, taking advantage of the characteristics of QTOF instrumentation, including extended mass range, improved sensitivity, and better resolution compared with quadrupole analyzers and ion traps. Various peptides and a noncovalent protein complex have been electrosprayed and analyzed with the new SID setup. Here we present SID of leucine enkephalin, fibrinopeptide A, melittin, insulin chain-B, and a noncovalent protein complex from wheat, heat shock protein 16.9. The SID spectra were also compared to CID spectra. With the SID setup installed, ion transmission proved to be efficient. SID fragmentation patterns of peptides are, in general, similar to CID, with differences in the relative intensities of some peaks such as immonium ions, backbone cleavage b- versus y-type ions, and y- versus y-NH3 ions, suggesting enhanced accessibility to high-energy/secondary fragmentation channels with SID. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the in-line SID setup is a valid substitute for CID, with potential advantages for activation of singly/multiply charged peptides and larger species such as noncovalent protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri S Galhena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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37
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Wang P, Hadjar O, Gassman PL, Laskin J. Reactive landing of peptide ions on self-assembled monolayer surfaces: an alternative approach for covalent immobilization of peptides on surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1512-22. [PMID: 18327307 DOI: 10.1039/b717617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soft landing of mass-selected peptide ions onto reactive self-assembled monolayer surfaces (SAMs) was performed using a newly constructed ion deposition apparatus. SAM surfaces before and after soft landing were characterized ex situ using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). We demonstrate that reactive landing (RL) results in efficient covalent linking of lysine-containing peptides onto the SAM of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester-terminated alkylthiol on gold (NHS-SAM). Systematic studies of the factors that affect the efficiency of RL revealed that the reaction takes place upon collision and is promoted by the kinetic energy of the ion. The efficiency of RL is maximized at ca. 40 eV collision energy. At high collision energies the RL efficiency decreases because of the competition with scattering of ions off the surface. The reaction yield is independent of the charge state of the projectile ions, suggesting that peptide ions undergo efficient neutralization upon collision. Chemical and physical properties of the SAM surface are also important factors that affect the outcome of RL. The presence of chemically reactive functional groups on the SAM surface significantly improves the reaction efficiency. RL of mass- and energy-selected peptide ions on surfaces provides a highly specific approach for covalent immobilization of biological molecules onto SAM surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Laskin J, Wang P, Hadjar O. Soft-landing of peptide ions onto self-assembled monolayer surfaces: an overview. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1079-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b712710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Deb B, Hu W, Song K, Hase WL. An analytical potential energy function to model protonated peptide soft-landing experiments. The CH3NH3+/CH4 interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4565-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b803155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Hadjar O, Wang P, Futrell JH, Dessiaterik Y, Zhu Z, Cowin JP, Iedema MJ, Laskin J. Design and Performance of an Instrument for Soft Landing of Biomolecular Ions on Surfaces. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6566-74. [PMID: 17668931 DOI: 10.1021/ac070600h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new ion deposition apparatus was designed and constructed in our laboratory. Our research objectives were to investigate interactions of biomolecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and to carry out exploratory experiments aimed at highly selective deposition of spatially defined and uniquely selected biological molecules on surfaces. The apparatus includes a high-transmission electrospray ion source, a quadrupole mass filter, a bending quadrupole that deflects the ion beam and prevents neutral molecules originating in the ion source from impacting the surface, an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber for ion deposition by soft landing, and a vacuum lock system for introducing surfaces into the UHV chamber without breaking vacuum. Ex situ analysis of surfaces following soft landing of mass-selected peptide ions was performed using 15 keV Ga+ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and grazing incidence infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. It is shown that these two techniques are highly complementary methods for characterization of surfaces prepared with a range of doses of mass-selected biomolecular ions. We also demonstrated that soft landing of peptide ions on surfaces can be utilized for controlled preparation of peptide films of known coverage for fundamental studies of matrix effects in SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hadjar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Wang P, Hadjar O, Laskin J. Covalent Immobilization of Peptides on Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces Using Soft-Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8682-3. [PMID: 17589994 DOI: 10.1021/ja071804i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Volný M, Sengupta A, Wilson CB, Swanson BD, Davis EJ, Turecek F. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of soft-landed polyatomic ions and molecules. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4543-51. [PMID: 17503769 DOI: 10.1021/ac070278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to detect and characterize polyatomic cations and molecules that were electrosprayed into the gas phase and soft-landed in vacuum on plasma-treated silver substrates. Organic dyes such as crystal violet and Rhodamine B, the nucleobase cytosine, and nucleosides cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine were immobilized by soft landing on plasma-treated metal surfaces at kinetic energies ranging from near thermal to 200 eV. While enhancing Raman scattering 10(5)-10(6)-fold, the metal surface effectively quenches the fluorescence that does not interfere with the Raman spectra. SERS spectra from submonolayer amounts of soft-landed compounds were sufficiently intense and reproducible to allow identification of Raman active vibrational modes for structure assignment. Soft-landed species appear to be microsolvated on the surface and bound via ion pairing or pi-complexation to the Ag atoms and ions in the surface oxide layer. Comparison of spectra from soft-landed and solution samples indicates that the molecules survive soft landing without significant chemical damage even when they strike the surface at hyperthermal collision energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volný
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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