1
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Fielicke A. Probing the binding and activation of small molecules by gas-phase transition metal clusters via IR spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162518 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolated transition metal clusters have been established as useful models for extended metal surfaces or deposited metal particles, to improve the understanding of their surface chemistry and of catalytic reactions. For this objective, an important milestone has been the development of experimental methods for the size-specific structural characterization of clusters and cluster complexes in the gas phase. This review focusses on the characterization of molecular ligands, their binding and activation by small transition metal clusters, using cluster-size specific infrared action spectroscopy. A comprehensive overview and a critical discussion of the experimental data available to date is provided, reaching from the initial results obtained using line-tuneable CO2 lasers to present-day studies applying infrared free electron lasers as well as other intense and broadly tuneable IR laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Dramatic Size‐dependence of Rh
n
+
Clusters in Reacting with Small Hydrocarbons: Rh
3
+
Cluster Catalysis for Dehydrogenation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Jia Y, Yu X, Zhang H, Cheng L, Luo Z. Tetrahedral Pt 10- Cluster with Unique Beta Aromaticity and Superatomic Feature in Mimicking Methane. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5115-5122. [PMID: 34029091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a customized metal cluster source in tandem with a flow tube reactor and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have obtained well-resolved pure metal clusters Ptn- and observed their gas-phase reactions with a few small gas molecules. Interestingly, the remarkable inertness of Pt10- was repeatedly observed in different reactions. Meanwhile, we have determined the structure of Pt10- within a regular tetrahedron. Considering that Pt possesses 5d96s1 electron configuration, the tetrahedral Pt10- exhibits unexpected stability at neither a magic number of valence electrons nor a shell closure of geometric structure. Comprehensive theoretical calculations unveil the stability of Pt10- is significantly associated with the all-metal aromaticity. In addition to the classical total aromaticity, which is mainly due to 6s electrons, there is unique beta-aromaticity ascribed to spin-polarized beta 5d electrons pertaining to singly occupied multicenter bonds. Further, we demonstrate the superatomic feature of such a transition metal cluster Pt10-, as Pt6@Pt4-, in mimicking methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Green AE, Schaller S, Meizyte G, Rhodes BJ, Kealy SP, Gentleman AS, Schöllkopf W, Fielicke A, Mackenzie SR. Infrared Study of OCS Binding and Size-Selective Reactivity with Gold Clusters, Aun+ (n = 1–10). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5389-5401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Green
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Schaller
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Meizyte
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Rhodes
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean P. Kealy
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart R. Mackenzie
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Ferrari P, Hou GL, Lushchikova OV, Calvo F, Bakker JM, Janssens E. The structures of cationic gold clusters probed by far-infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11572-11577. [PMID: 32400803 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Determining the precise structures of small gold clusters is an essential step towards understanding their chemical and physical properties. Due to the relativistic nature of gold, its clusters remain planar (2D) up to appreciable sizes. Ion mobility experiments have suggested that positively charged gold clusters adopt three-dimensional (3D) structures from n = 8 onward. Computations predict, depending on the level of theory, 2D or 3D structures as putative energy-minimum for n = 8. In this work, far-infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy, using Ar as tagging element, is combined with density-functional theory calculations to determine the structures of Aun+ (n≤ 9) clusters formed by laser ablation. While the Au frameworks in Au6Arm+ and Au7Arm+ complexes are confirmed to be planar and that in Au9Arm+ three-dimensional, we demonstrate the coexistence of 3D and planar Au8Arm+ (m = 1-3) isomers. Thus, it is revealed that at finite temperatures, the formal 2D to 3D transition takes place at n = 8 but is not sharp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Solid-State Physics, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Longo A, de Boed EJJ, Mammen N, van der Linden M, Honkala K, Häkkinen H, de Jongh PE, Donoeva B. Towards Atomically Precise Supported Catalysts from Monolayer-Protected Clusters: The Critical Role of the Support. Chemistry 2020; 26:7051-7058. [PMID: 32220016 PMCID: PMC7318640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the size and uniformity of metal clusters with atomic precision is essential for fine-tuning their catalytic properties, however for clusters deposited on supports, such control is challenging. Here, by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that supports play a crucial role in the evolution of monolayer-protected clusters into catalysts. Based on the acidic nature of the support, cluster-support interactions lead either to fragmentation of the cluster into isolated Au-ligand species or ligand-free metallic Au0 clusters. On Lewis acidic supports that bind metals strongly, the latter transformation occurs while preserving the original size of the metal cluster, as demonstrated for various Aun sizes. These findings underline the role of the support in the design of supported catalysts and represent an important step toward the synthesis of atomically precise supported nanomaterials with tailored physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Longo
- XMI, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, East Flanders, 9000, Belgium.,Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, UOS Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewoud J J de Boed
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nisha Mammen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Marte van der Linden
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Petra E de Jongh
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baira Donoeva
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Fu YC, Die D, Chen L, Zhu B, Yin HL. The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Ag 4M and Ag 4MCO (M = Sc–Zn) clusters. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1622051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Fu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Die
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Lin Yin
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Ferrari P, Vanbuel J, Janssens E, Lievens P. Tuning the Reactivity of Small Metal Clusters by Heteroatom Doping. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3174-3182. [PMID: 30475581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of small metallic clusters, nanoparticles composed of a countable number of atoms (typically up to ∼100 atoms), has attracted much attention due to the fascinating properties these objects possess toward a variety of molecules. Cluster reactivity often is significantly different from the homologous bulk, with gold as prototypical example. Bulk gold is the noblest of all metals, whereas small gold clusters react with carbon monoxide, molecular oxygen, and hydrocarbons, among others. Furthermore, cluster reactivity is strongly size and composition dependent, allowing a wide range of tuning possibilities. The study of cluster reactivity usually follows two routes of investigation. In the first, research aims for fundamental understanding of mechanisms, mainly driven by curiosity. One consequence of the inherent small size of a cluster is that atoms can arrange themselves very differently from the crystallographic structure of the homologous bulk. In addition, quantum confinement effects dominate the electronic structure of a cluster with atom-like electronic shells instead of the electronic bands in bulk. These features result in a very rich and size-dependent interaction of a cluster with small molecules, governed by a fine interplay between the geometry and the electronic structure of the system. An alternative research approach uses the investigation of chemical reactions of isolated small clusters in the gas phase as model systems for the reactions taking place in more complex systems. This offers several advantages compared to more conventional methods and techniques used to study such complex systems. First, clusters can be produced under well-defined conditions, with control over size, composition, and charge state. Second, clusters in the gas phase solely interact with the molecule(s) chosen by the researcher, since contaminations are limited by the high vacuum conditions of the experiments. Third, due to the small number of atoms involved, detailed quantum chemical calculations can be performed on the systems under investigation. Thus, even though gas phase clusters differ significantly in size and in environmental conditions from those encountered, for example, in industrial catalysis, they can be used to unravel the complicated nature of a metal-molecule chemical bonding process. In this Account, both routes of investigation are discussed. The nature of the interaction between small gas phase clusters with diverse molecules is described, stressing the broader relevance of these studies. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of heteroatom doping. By adding a different element to a cluster, its geometric and electronic structure is modified, thereby altering its reactivity. Specifically, the effect of varying size and composition of doped gold, platinum, and aluminum clusters on their reactivity toward diverse molecules, relevant for catalytic applications, is discussed. Most studies presented here combine experiments based on mass spectrometric techniques with density functional theory calculations, allowing a deep understanding of the reaction mechanisms at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanbuel
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Samanta B, Sengupta T, Pal S. Aluminum cluster for CO and O 2 adsorption. J Mol Model 2018; 25:2. [PMID: 30523420 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature oxidation of CO to CO2 is an important process for the environment. Similarly adsorption of CO from the releasing sources is also of major concern today. Whereas the potential of gold and silver clusters is well proven for the catalysis of the above mentioned reaction, the potential of aluminum (Al) clusters remains unexplored. The present study proves that, similar to the transition metals, Al clusters can also be used for adsorption of gases. We first tested the potential of Al cluster as adsorbents for CO. The high binding energy (BE) values prove that Al clusters can be used for adsorbing both CO and O2. Since oxygen binding is more facile, we adsorbed oxygen on Al and then checked the effect of this O2 on the BE of CO. The results were obtained by DFT calculations at M062X/TZVP level of theory. Graphical abstract Activation of carbon monoxide (CO) on oxygen-adsorbed aluminum (Al) cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India. .,Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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10
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Khetrapal NS, Wang LS, Zeng XC. Determination of CO Adsorption Sites on Gold Clusters Au n- ( n = 21-25): A Size Region That Bridges the Pyramidal and Core-Shell Structures. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5430-5439. [PMID: 30180587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We perform a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study to investigate CO adsorption sites on midsized gold clusters, Au n- ( n = 21-25), a special size region that bridges the highly symmetric pyramidal cluster Au20- (Li et al. Science 2003, 299, 864) and the prevailing core-shell clusters starting from Au26- (Schaefer et al. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 7413). Particular attention is placed on whether the CO binding can significantly change structures of the host clusters in view of the fact that the size-dependent structural change already occurs for bare gold clusters in this size range. A transition from hollow-tubular to fused-planar structures is identified for the Au nCO- clusters even though the CO molecule mostly binds to an apex gold atom. The computed CO adsorption energy and HOMO-LUMO gap of the gold clusters suggest that among the five gold clusters the Au23- cluster exhibits the strongest CO binding and thereby could be a good catalytic model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh Khetrapal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
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11
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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13
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Janssens E, Le HT, Lievens P. Adsorption of Propene on Neutral Gold Clusters in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2015; 21:15256-62. [PMID: 26350334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of propene on neutral gold clusters is investigated in a collision cell under a few collision conditions. The adsorption reaction is studied by pressure-dependent kinetic measurements and delayed unimolecular dissociation of the excited Aun propene complexes. The cluster size (n=9-25) and temperature (T=90-300 K) dependence of the propene adsorption is analyzed. Strong size dependences of the absorption reaction are observed; a larger propene adsorption probability was found for gold clusters composed of an even number of atoms. Propene binding energies are estimated by comparison of the temperature-dependent unimolecular dissociation rates with rates obtained by using statistical RRKM modeling. The Aun -propene binding energies decrease non-monotonously with cluster size and are in the range of 1.2-0.85 eV for n=9-25. Finally, the bonding of C3 H6 on Aun is qualitatively described and similarities with the absorption of CO molecules on gold clusters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d-box 2414, 3001 Leuven (Belgium).
| | - Hai Thuy Le
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d-box 2414, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d-box 2414, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)
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14
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Schmidt M, Masson A, Cheng HP, Bréchignac C. Physisorption and Chemisorption on Silver Clusters. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:855-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Liu XJ, Hamilton I. Adsorption of small molecules on helical gold nanorods: A relativistic density functional study. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1967-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Wilfrid Laurier University; Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L3C5
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry; Wilfrid Laurier University; Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L3C5
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16
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Li XN, Yuan Z, He SG. CO Oxidation Promoted by Gold Atoms Supported on Titanium Oxide Cluster Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3617-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry
of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Mondal K, Manna D, Ghanty TK, Banerjee A. Significant modulation of CO adsorption on bimetallic Au19Li cluster. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Liu C, Tan Y, Lin S, Li H, Wu X, Li L, Pei Y, Zeng XC. CO Self-Promoting Oxidation on Nanosized Gold Clusters: Triangular Au3 Active Site and CO Induced O–O Scission. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2583-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309460v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Environmentally
Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Environmentally
Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Environmentally
Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska
Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion and Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska
Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Environmentally
Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska
Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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19
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20
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Hirabayashi S, Ichihashi M, Kawazoe Y, Kondow T. Comparison of Adsorption Probabilities of O2 and CO on Copper Cluster Cations and Anions. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8799-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304214m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hirabayashi
- East
Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001,
Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichihashi
- Cluster Research
Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute:
in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- Institute
for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577,
Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kondow
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute:
in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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21
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Le HT, Lang SM, Haeck JD, Lievens P, Janssens E. Carbon monoxide adsorption on neutral and cationic vanadium doped gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9350-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Experimental and theory studies of the oxidation reaction of neutral gold carbonyl clusters in the gas phase. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Himeno H, Miyajima K, Yasuike T, Mafuné F. Gas Phase Synthesis of Au Clusters Deposited on Titanium Oxide Clusters and Their Reactivity with CO Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11479-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Himeno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ken Miyajima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuike
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Sun K, Kohyama M, Tanaka S, Takeda S. A theoretical study of CO adsorption on gold by Hückel theory and density functional theory calculations. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:3276-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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De Haeck J, Veldeman N, Claes P, Janssens E, Andersson M, Lievens P. Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Silver Doped Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2103-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111257s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorg De Haeck
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Veldeman
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Environmental Modeling, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Claes
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mats Andersson
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Popolan DM, Nössler M, Mitrić R, Bernhardt TM, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Tuning Cluster Reactivity by Charge State and Composition: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of CO Binding Energies to AgnAum+/− (n + m = 3). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:951-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisia M. Popolan
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Nössler
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Physics Department, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten M. Bernhardt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Lin L, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Theoretical study of CO adsorption on yttrium-doped gold clusters AunY (n=1–9). Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Popolan DM, Nößler M, Mitrić R, Bernhardt TM, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Composition dependent adsorption of multiple CO molecules on binary silver–gold clusters AgnAum+ (n + m = 5): theory and experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7865-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b924022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Huang W, Bulusu S, Pal R, Zeng XC, Wang LS. CO chemisorption on the surfaces of the golden cages. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:234305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3273326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Xie Y, Dong F, Heinbuch S, Rocca JJ, Bernstein ER. Oxidation reactions on neutral cobalt oxide clusters: experimental and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 12:947-59. [PMID: 20066380 DOI: 10.1039/b915590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of neutral cobalt oxide clusters (Co(m)O(n), m = 3-9, n = 3-13) with CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4) in a fast flow reactor are investigated by time of flight mass spectrometry employing 118 nm (10.5 eV) single photon ionization. Strong cluster size dependent behavior is observed for all the oxidation reactions; the Co(3)O(4) cluster has the highest reactivity for reactions with CO and NO. Cluster reactivity is also highly correlated with either one or more following factors: cluster size, Co(iii) concentration, the number of the cobalt atoms with high oxidation states, and the presence of an oxygen molecular moiety (an O-O bond) in the Co(m)O(n) clusters. The experimental cluster observations are in good agreement with condensed phase Co(3)O(4) behavior. Density functional theory calculations at the BPW91/TZVP level are carried out to explore the geometric and electronic structures of the Co(3)O(4) cluster, reaction intermediates, transition states, as well as reaction mechanisms. CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4) are predicted to be adsorbed on the Co(ii) site, and react with one of the parallel bridge oxygen atoms between two Co(iii) atoms in the Co(3)O(4) cluster. Oxidation reactions with CO, NO, and C(2)H(2) on the Co(3)O(4) cluster are estimated as thermodynamically favorable and overall barrierless processes at room temperature. The oxidation reaction with C(2)H(4) is predicted to have a very small overall barrier (<0.23 eV). The oxygen bridge between two Co(iii) sites in the Co(3)O(4) cluster is responsible for the oxidation reactions with CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4). Based on the gas phase experimental and theoretical cluster studies, a catalytic cycle for these oxidation reactions on a condensed phase cobalt oxide catalyst is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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31
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Wang YL, Zhai HJ, Xu L, Li J, Wang LS. Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Di-Gold Carbonyl Clusters Au2(CO)n− (n = 1−3): Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1247-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903558v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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Chrétien S, Metiu H. O2 evolution on a clean partially reduced rutile TiO2(110) surface and on the same surface precovered with Au1 and Au2: the importance of spin conservation. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:074705. [PMID: 19044790 DOI: 10.1063/1.2956506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) to study O(2) evolution on a clean partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) surface (i.e., a surface having oxygen vacancies) and its interaction with Au(1) or Au(2) cluster adsorbed on it. We assume that the total spin of the electronic wave function is related to the number of unpaired spins (N(s)) and calculate the binding and the activation energies involved in O(2) evolution for fixed values of N(s). In addition to keeping N(s) constant, we assume that reactions in which the N(s) of the reactants differs from that of the products are very slow. The potential energy surfaces obtained in this way depend strongly on N(s). For example, O(2) dissociation at the vacancy site on a clean partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface is exothermic by 0.85 eV in the triplet state and the highest activation energy in the chain of reactions leading to the O(2) dissociation is 0.67 eV. In the singlet state, O(2) dissociation is endothermic by 0.11 eV and the activation energy leading to dissociation is 1.30 eV. These observations are in qualitative agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy experiment in which O(2) dissociation on a partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) surface is observed at temperature as low as 120 K. In contrast, O(2) dissociation is predicted to be endothermic and is prevented by an activation barrier larger than 1 eV in all the previous DFT calculations, in which the DFT program varies N(s) to get the lowest energy state. We find that on a partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) with Au(1) and Au(2) preadsorbed on its surface, O(2) dissociates at the vacancy site: One oxygen atom fills the oxygen vacancy and the other becomes available for oxidation chemistry. This means that Au(1) and Au(2) supported on a partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface is not an oxidation catalyst since the presence of oxygen turns it into a stoichiometric Au(n)/TiO(2)(110) surface. Finally, we find that the evolution of oxygen on Au(1) and Au(2) in the gas phase is very different from the evolution on the same clusters supported on the partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface. For example, the molecular adsorption of O(2) is favored in the gas phase (except on Au(1) (-) and Au(2) (-) in the quartet state), while the dissociative adsorption is favored by more than 1 eV when Au(1) and Au(2) are supported on the partially reduced TiO(2)(110). Furthermore, the activation energies associated with O(2) dissociation in the gas phase (DeltaE(act)>2.4 eV) are reduced by at least a factor of 2 when the clusters are supported on TiO(2)(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Chrétien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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33
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Wells BA, Chaffee AL. Gas binding to Au13, Au12Pd, and Au11Pd2 nanoclusters in the context of catalytic oxidation and reduction reactions. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164712. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2993252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Neumaier M, Weigend F, Hampe O, Kappes MM. Binding energy and preferred adsorption sites of CO on gold and silver–gold cluster cations: Adsorption kinetics and quantum chemical calculations. Faraday Discuss 2008; 138:393-406; discussion 421-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b705043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Joshi AM, Tucker MH, Delgass WN, Thomson KT. CO adsorption on pure and binary-alloy gold clusters: a quantum chemical study. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:194707. [PMID: 17129150 DOI: 10.1063/1.2375094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed density-functional theory analysis of nondissociative CO adsorption on 22 binary Au-alloy (Au(n)M(m)) clusters: n=0-3, m=0-3, and m+n=2 (dimers) or 3 (trimers), M=Cu/Ag/Pd/Pt. We report basis-set superposition error corrections to adsorption energies and include both internal energy of adsorption (DeltaU(ads)) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (DeltaG(ads)) at standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 atm). We found onefold (atop) CO binding on all the clusters except Pd2 (twofold/bridged), Pt2 (twofold/bridged), and Pd3 (threefold). In agreement with the experimental results, we found that CO adsorption is thermodynamically favorable on pure Au/Cu clusters but not on pure Ag clusters and also observed the following adsorption affinity trend: Pd>Pt>Au>Cu>Ag. For alloy dimers we found the following patterns: Au2>M Au>M2 (M=Ag/Cu) and M2>M Au>Au2 (M=Pd/Pt). Alloying Ag/Cu dimers with (more reactive) Au enhanced adsorption and the opposite effect was observed for PdPt dimers. The Ag-Au, Cu-Au, and Pd-Au trimers followed the trends observed on dimers: Au3>M Au2>M2Au>M3 (M=Ag/Cu) and Pd3>Pd2Au>PdAu2>Au3. Interestingly, Pt-Au trimers reacted differently and alloying with Au systematically increased the adsorption affinity: PtAu2>Pt2Au>Pt3>Au3. A strikingly different behavior of Pt is also manifested by the triplet spin state and onefold (atop) binding in Pt3-CO which is in contradiction with the singlet spin state and threefold binding in Pd3-CO. We found a linear correlation between CO binding energy (BE) and elongation of the CO bond. For Ag-Au and Cu-Au clusters, the increase in CO BE (and elongation of the C-O bond which is probably due to the back donation) is accompanied by the decrease in the cluster-CO distance suggesting that the donation (from 5sigma highest occupied molecular orbital in CO to cluster lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) mechanism also contributes to the BE. For Pd-Au clusters, the cluster-CO distance (and CO bond length) increases with increase in the BE, suggesting that the donation mechanism may not be important for those clusters. No clear trend was observed for Pt-Au clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Joshi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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