1
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Pracht P, Bannwarth C. Finding Excited-State Minimum Energy Crossing Points on a Budget: Non-Self-Consistent Tight-Binding Methods. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4440-4448. [PMID: 37144783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The automated exploration and identification of minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) is a valuable computational strategy for the study of photochemical processes. Due to the immense computational effort involved in calculating non-adiabatic derivative coupling vectors, simplifications have been introduced focusing instead on minimum energy crossing points (MECPs), where promising attempts were made with semiempirical quantum mechanical methods. A simplified treatment for describing crossing points between almost arbitrary diabatic states based on a non-self-consistent extended tight-binding method, GFN0-xTB, is presented. Involving only a single diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, the method can provide energies and gradients for multiple electronic states, which can be used in a derivative coupling-vector-free scheme to calculate MECPs. By comparison with high-lying MECIs of benchmark systems, it is demonstrated that the identified geometries are good starting points for further MECI refinement with ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pracht
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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The competitive mechanism between photoisomerization and excited state intramolecular proton transfer process of 2′-Hydroxychalcone system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Qiu H, Ippolito S, Galanti A, Liu Z, Samorì P. Asymmetric Dressing of WSe 2 with (Macro)molecular Switches: Fabrication of Quaternary-Responsive Transistors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10668-10677. [PMID: 34096713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The forthcoming saturation of Moore's law has led to a strong demand for integrating analogue functionalities within semiconductor-based devices. As a step toward this goal, we fabricate quaternary-responsive WSe2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) whose output current can be remotely and reversibly controlled by light, heat, and electric field. A photochromic silane-terminated spiropyran (SP) is chemisorbed on SiO2 forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) that can switch from the SP to the merocyanine (MC) form in response to UV illumination and switch back by either heat or visible illumination. Such a SAM is incorporated at the dielectric-semiconductor interface in WSe2-based FETs. Upon UV irradiation, a drastic decrease in the output current of 82% is observed and ascribed to the zwitterionic MC isomer acting as charge scattering site. To provide an additional functionality, the WSe2 top surface is coated with a ferroelectric co-polymer layer based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene). Because of its switchable inherent electrical polarization, it can promote either the accumulation or depletion of charge carriers in the WSe2 channel, thereby inducing a current modulation with 99% efficiency. Thanks to the efficient tuning induced by the two components and their synergistic effects, the device polarity could be modulated from n-type to p-type. Such a control over the carrier concentration and device polarity is key to develop 2D advanced electronics. Moreover, the integration strategy of multiple stimuli-responsive elements into a single FET allows us to greatly enrich its functionality, thereby promoting the development for More-than-Moore technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Qiu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefano Ippolito
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Granucci G, Padula G. Photoisomerization dynamics of spiropyran: A surface-hopping investigation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124312. [PMID: 33810661 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we performed a computational investigation of the photoisomerization of spiro[1,3-dihydroindole-2,2'-chromene] [spiropyran (SP)] to merocyanine. The electronic energies and wavefunctions were obtained from configuration interaction calculations, using the floating occupation molecular orbital method, in a semiempirical framework. The parameters of the semiempirical Hamiltonian were re-optimized to reproduce ab initio literature data for SP. In our dynamics simulations, we considered, besides S0, the excited states S1, S2, and S3, which are very close in energy in the Franck-Condon region. We obtained a singlet lifetime of 0.67 ps, in line with the experimental results. We found the photoisomerization quantum yield to depend on the electronic state initially populated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Padula
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Gonon B, Lasorne B, Karras G, Joubert-Doriol L, Lauvergnat D, Billard F, Lavorel B, Faucher O, Guérin S, Hertz E, Gatti F. A generalized vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian for molecules without symmetry: Application to the photoisomerization of benzopyran. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124109. [PMID: 30927888 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model for the lowest two potential energy surfaces (PESs) that describe the photoinduced ring-opening reaction of benzopyran taken as a model compound to study the photochromic ring-opening reaction of indolinobenzospiropyran and its evolution toward its open-chain analog. The PESs are expressed in terms of three effective rectilinear coordinates. One corresponds to the direction between the equilibrium geometry in the electronic ground state, referred to as the Franck-Condon geometry, and the minimum of conical intersection (CI), while the other two span the two-dimensional branching space at the CI. The model correctly reproduces the topography of the PESs. The ab initio calculations are performed with the extended multiconfiguration quasidegenerate perturbation theory at second order method. We demonstrate that accounting for electron dynamic correlation drastically changes the global energy landscape since some zwitterionic states become strongly stabilized. Quantum dynamics calculations using this PES model produce an absorption spectrum that matches the experimental one to a good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gonon
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Lasorne
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Karras
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Joubert-Doriol
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR CNRS 8000-Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Franck Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Guérin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Hertz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Gatti
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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6
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Avagliano D, Sánchez-Murcia PA, González L. Directional and regioselective hole injection of spiropyran photoswitches intercalated into A/T-duplex DNA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17971-17977. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hole electron transfer of UV excited spiropyran intercalated in dsDNA is directional, asymmetric and regioselective, as shown by quantitative multiscale computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Avagliano
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
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7
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Aldaz C, Kammeraad JA, Zimmerman PM. Discovery of conical intersection mediated photochemistry with growing string methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27394-27405. [PMID: 30357173 PMCID: PMC6532651 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) are important features of photochemistry that determine yields and selectivity. Traditional CI optimizers require significant human effort and chemical intuition, which typically restricts searching to only a small region of the CI space. Herein, a systematic approach utilizing the growing string method is introduced to locate multiple CIs. Unintuitive MECI are found using driving coordinates that can be generated using a combinatorial search, and subsequent optimization allows reaction pathways, transition states, products, and seam-space pathways to be located. These capabilities are demonstrated by application to two prototypical photoisomerization reactions and the dimerization of butadiene. In total, many reaction pathways were uncovered, including the elusive stilbene hula-twist mechanism, and a previously unidentified product in butadiene dimerization. Overall, these results suggest that growing string methods provide a predictive strategy for exploring photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Aldaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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8
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Jenkins AJ, Mao Z, Kurimoto A, Mix LT, Frank N, Larsen DS. Ultrafast Spintronics: Dynamics of the Photoisomerization-Induced Spin-Charge Excited-State (PISCES) Mechanism in Spirooxazine-Based Photomagnetic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5351-5357. [PMID: 30157382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical control of spin state is of interest in the development of spintronic materials for data processing and storage technologies. Photomagnetic effects at the single-molecule level have recently been observed in the thin film state at 300 K in photochromic cobalt dioxolenes. Visible light excitation leads to ring-closure of a photochromic spirooxazine bound to a cobalt dioxolene, which leads to generation of a high magnetization state. Formation of the photomagnetic state occurs through a photoisomerization-induced spin-charge excited-state process and is dictated by the spirooxazine ligand dynamics. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation by ultrafast spectroscopy in the UV-vis region of the photochemical ring-closing process in the parent spirooxazine, azahomoadamantylphenanthroline spirooxazine, and the photomagnetic spirooxazine cobalt-dioxolene complex. The cobalt appears to stabilize a photomerocycanine transient intermediate, presumably the TCC isomer, formed along the ground-state potential energy surface (PES). Structural changes associated with the TCC isomer induces formation of the high-spin Co(II) form, suggesting that magnetization dymanics can occur along the excited-state PES, leading to ultrafast switching on the ps time scale. We demonstrate the full ring closure of the spiro-oxazine ligand is not required to switch magnetization states which can be induced with a higher yielding isomerization reaction. The ability of this system to undergo optically induced spin state switching on the ps time scale in the solid state makes it a promising canididate for resistive nonvolatile memory technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Ziliang Mao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Aiko Kurimoto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC1.5 , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2up , Canada
| | - L Tyler Mix
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Natia Frank
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC1.5 , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2up , Canada
| | - Delmar S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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9
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Thermal, Photochromic and Dynamic Properties of Water-Soluble Spiropyrans. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
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10
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Theoretical modeling of electrocyclic 2H-pyran and 2H-1,4-oxazine ring opening reactions in photo- and thermochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Siddiqui KM, Corthey G, Hayes SA, Rossos A, Badali DS, Xian R, Murphy RS, Whitaker BJ, Miller RJD. Synchronised photoreversion of spirooxazine ring opening in thin crystals to uncover ultrafast dynamics. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ‘recover before destroy’ approach to minimise photoproduct build-up in solid state enables ultrafast studies of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Siddiqui
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
| | - Gastón Corthey
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stuart A. Hayes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rossos
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Badali
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rui Xian
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Scott Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Research and Innovation Centre
- University of Regina
- Regina, Canada
| | | | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science
- Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging
- University of Hamburg
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12
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Amos RD, Kobayashi R. Ab initio investigation of the structures and energies of spiropyran and merocyanine isomers. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.1003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Amos
- Australian National University Supercomputer Facility, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- Australian National University Supercomputer Facility, Canberra, Australia
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13
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Boggio-Pasqua M, Garavelli M. Rationalization and Design of Enhanced Photoinduced Cycloreversion in Photochromic Dimethyldihydropyrenes by Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6024-32. [PMID: 25582806 DOI: 10.1021/jp5118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a computational investigation of the initial step of the dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) to cyclophanediene (CPD) photoinduced ring-opening reaction using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). In particular, the photochemical path corresponding to the formation of the CPD precursor (CPD*) on the zwitterionic state is scrutinized. The TD-DFT approach was first validated on the parent compound against accurate ab initio calculations. It confirms that CPD* formation is efficiently quenched in this system by an easily accessible S2/S1 conical intersection located in the vicinity of the CPD* minimum and leading to a locally excited state minimum responsible for DHP luminescence. Increased ring-opening quantum yields were observed in benzo[e]-fused-DHP (DHP-1), isobutenyl-DHP (DHP-2), and naphthoyl-DHP (DHP-3). The calculations show that CPD* formation is much more favorable in these systems, either due to an inversion of electronic states in DHP-1, suppressing the formation of the locally excited state, or due to efficient stabilization of CPD* on the S1 potential energy surface in DHP-2 and DHP-3. Both effects can be combined in a rationally designed benzo[e]-fused-naphthoyl-DHP (DHP-4) for which we anticipate an unprecedented efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- †Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR5626), CNRS et Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- ‡Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR5182), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon/CNRS et Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,§Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Saab M, Doriol LJ, Lasorne B, Guérin S, Gatti F. A quantum dynamics study of the benzopyran ring opening guided by laser pulses. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Mercier Y, Reguero M. Looking for the species responsible of the anomalous fluorescence band in ortho-, meta- and para-(di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Göttle AJ, Alary F, Dixon IM, Heully JL, Boggio-Pasqua M. Unravelling the S → O linkage photoisomerization mechanisms in cis- and trans-[Ru(bpy)2(DMSO)2](2+) using density functional theory. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6752-60. [PMID: 24932513 DOI: 10.1021/ic500546q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the intramolecular S → O linkage photoisomerization in the cis and trans isomers of [Ru(bpy)2(DMSO)2](2+) was performed using density functional theory. This study reveals that for the cis isomer the linkage photoisomerization of the two DMSO ligands occurs sequentially in the lowest triplet excited state and can either be achieved by a one-photon or by a two-photon mechanism. A mechanistic picture of the S → O photoisomerization of the trans isomer is also proposed. This work especially highlights that both adiabatic and nonadiabatic processes are involved in these mechanisms and that their coexistence is responsible for the rich photophysics and photochemical properties observed experimentally for the studied complexes. The different luminescent behavior experimentally observed at low temperature between the cis and trans isomers is rationalized based on the peculiarity of the topology of the triplet excited-state potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien J Göttle
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III , 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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17
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A semiclassical molecular dynamics of the photochromic ring-opening reaction of spiropyran. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Joubert-Doriol L, Lasorne B, Lauvergnat D, Meyer HD, Gatti F. A generalised vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian model for benzopyran. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Garg K, King AW, Rack JJ. One photon yields two isomerizations: large atomic displacements during electronic excited-state dynamics in ruthenium sulfoxide complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1856-63. [PMID: 24438000 DOI: 10.1021/ja409262r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds efficiently transduce photonic energy to potential energy for excited-state bond-breaking and bond-forming reactions. A critical feature of this reaction is the nature of the electronic excited-state potential energy surface and how this surface facilitates large nuclear displacements and rearrangements. We have prepared two photochromic ruthenium sulfoxide complexes that feature two isomerization reactions following absorption of a single photon. We show by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy that this reaction is complete within a few hundred picoseconds and suggest that isomerization occurs along a conical intersection seam formed by the ground-state and excited-state potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Garg
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kobayashi
- a Australian National University Supercomputer Facility , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Roger D. Amos
- a Australian National University Supercomputer Facility , Canberra , ACT , Australia
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21
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Schalk O, Broman SL, Petersen MÅ, Khakhulin DV, Brogaard RY, Nielsen MB, Boguslavskiy AE, Stolow A, Sølling TI. On the Condensed Phase Ring-Closure of Vinylheptafulvalene and Ring-Opening of Gaseous Dihydroazulene. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3340-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schalk
- Stockholm University, AlbaNova University
Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10961 Stockholm,
Sweden
- National Research Council, Sussex Drive 100, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, Canada
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare
Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Søren L. Broman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Å. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmitry V. Khakhulin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043
Grenoble, France
| | - Rasmus Y. Brogaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of
Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council, Sussex Drive 100, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Eilmes A. Spiropyran to merocyanine conversion: explicit versus implicit solvent modeling. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2629-35. [PMID: 23458669 DOI: 10.1021/jp3117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A polarizable continnum model study and explicit solvation in water investigated through GPU-accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics followed by quantum-chemical calculations have been applied to the process of spiropyran to merocyanine isomerization of two spiropyran derivatives. It has been found that interaction with only one or two water molecules is sufficient to stabilize the merocyanine with respect to the spiropyran form. It has been shown that the agreement between energies obtained in implicit and explicit solvent models depends on the structure of the system and possible specific interactions (hydrogen bonds). Both solvent models predict similar effects in absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Eilmes
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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23
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Minkin VI. Light-controlled molecular switches based on bistable spirocyclic organic and coordination compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n01abeh004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Raymo FM. Computational Insights on the Isomerization of Photochromic Oxazines. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11888-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3095787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146-0431, United
States
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25
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Kohl-Landgraf J, Braun M, Özçoban C, Gonçalves DPN, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Spiropyran in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14070-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kohl-Landgraf
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Cem Özçoban
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Diana P. N. Gonçalves
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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26
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Castro PJ, Gómez I, Cossi M, Reguero M. Computational study of the mechanism of the photochemical and thermal ring-opening/closure reactions and solvent dependence in spirooxazines. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8148-58. [PMID: 22708964 DOI: 10.1021/jp3025045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spirooxazine/merocyanine couple constitutes a photochromic system that can change from the colorless spirooxazine to the intensely colored merocyanine by thermal or photochemical activation by a reaction that opens the spiro ring of the oxazine. The mechanisms of the ring-opening/closure reactions that interconnect these two isomers have been elucidated by means of a computational study. First, we have used the CASSCF/CASPT2 method to determine in detail these mechanisms in the gas phase for a small model that contains the photoactive part of the whole system. We have found that the state of spirooxazine excited by the initial absorption changes gradually to a lower excited state that is involved in a conical intersection that connects it with the ground state of merocyanine. The same conical intersection is involved in the backward photochemical reaction. Second, using a larger model that includes all the heteroatoms of the system and using the DFT (B3LYP) method, we have studied the influence of a solvent environment on the thermal equilibrium between the open and the closed species. It has been observed experimentally that the thermal equilibrium between these forms is practically unaltered by polar aprotic solvents, but it can be displaced toward the colored form in mixtures of polar protic and aprotic solvents, even if the first one is found in a very small proportion. To reproduce the experimental environments, we have taken into account the long-range effect of the polar aprotic solvent considering it a polarizable continuum, as done in the PCM method, and the short-range effect of the protic solvent including some explicit water molecules in the cluster studied at the atomic level. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental observations and explain the reason for this peculiar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Castro
- Department de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona-43007, Spain
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27
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Kullmann M, Ruetzel S, Buback J, Nuernberger P, Brixner T. Reaction Dynamics of a Molecular Switch Unveiled by Coherent Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13074-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2032037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kullmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Buback
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Sanchez-Lozano M, Estévez CM, Hermida-Ramón J, Serrano-Andres L. Ultrafast Ring-Opening/Closing and Deactivation Channels for a Model Spiropyran–Merocyanine System. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9128-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2062095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanchez-Lozano
- Departamento de
Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Estévez
- Departamento de
Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose Hermida-Ramón
- Departamento de
Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Serrano-Andres
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071 València,
Spain
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29
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Budyka MF. Quantum-chemical study of photoisomerization and photoinduced proton transfer in hydroxystyrylquinolines. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143911040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Murugan NA, Chakrabarti S, Ågren H. Solvent dependence of structure, charge distribution, and absorption spectrum in the photochromic merocyanine-spiropyran pair. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4025-32. [PMID: 21417244 DOI: 10.1021/jp2004612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the structures and absorption spectra of merocyanine, the photoresponsive isomer of the spiropyran (SP)-merocyanine (MC) pair, in chloroform and in water solvents using a combined hybrid QM/MM Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CP-QM/MM) and ZINDO approach. We report remarkable differences in the molecular structure and charge distribution of MC between the two solvents; the molecular structure of MC remains in neutral form in chloroform while it becomes charge-separated, zwitterionic, in water. The dipole moment of MC in water is about 50% larger than in chloroform, while the value for SP in water is in between, suggesting that the solvent is more influential than the conformation itself in deciding the dipole moment for the merocyanine-spiropyran pair. The calculations could reproduce the experimentally reported blue shift in the absorption spectra of MC when going from the nonpolar to the polar solvent, though the actual value of the absorption maximum is overestimated in chloroform solvent. We find that the CP-QM/MM approach is appropriate for structure modeling of solvatochromic and thermochromic molecules as this approach is able to capture the solvent and thermal-induced structural changes within the solute important for an accurate assessment of the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arul Murugan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Buback J, Nuernberger P, Kullmann M, Langhojer F, Schmidt R, Würthner F, Brixner T. Ring-closure and isomerization capabilities of spiropyran-derived merocyanine isomers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3924-35. [PMID: 21247207 DOI: 10.1021/jp108322u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the photochemistry of two ring-open isomers, namely TTC and TTT, of a bidirectional photoswitchable spiropyran, 6,8-dinitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (6,8-dinitro BIPS). Both isomers are capable of ring closure after excitation with visible fs laser pulses, as disclosed by pump-wavelength-dependent transient absorption experiments in the visible spectral range. The main isomer TTC has its maximum absorption at 560 nm, whereas the minor isomer TTT is red-shifted (600 nm). The excited-state lifetimes differ strongly (τ ≈ 900 ps for TTT and τ ≈ 95 ps for TTC), nevertheless the quantum efficiencies for ring closure (40% for TTC and 35% for TTT) and isomerization (1-2% for TTC and 1-2% for TTT) are comparable. With regard to the bidirectional photoswitching capabilities, 6,8-dinitro BIPS is the first molecular switch based on a 6π-electrocyclic reaction where both ring-open isomers are capable of ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buback
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Buback J, Kullmann M, Langhojer F, Nuernberger P, Schmidt R, Würthner F, Brixner T. Ultrafast Bidirectional Photoswitching of a Spiropyran. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16510-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1062746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buback
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kullmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Langhojer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Xu XF, Kahan A, Zilberg S, Haas Y. Photoreactivity of a push-pull merocyanine in static electric fields: a three-state model of isomerization reactions involving conical intersections. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9779-91. [PMID: 19725583 DOI: 10.1021/jp904097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of a prototype push-pull merocyanine is discussed using a simple three-state model. As a derivative of butadiene, the model focuses on two isomerization reactions around the two double bonds of the butadiene backbone. As a molecule substituted by an electron donor and electron acceptor at opposite ends, its structure as well as its photochemistry are expected to be strongly affected by the environment. In polar solvents, a zwitterion transition state for each of the isomerization reactions is stabilized, and its energy is on the same order as that of the biradical one; this leads to the symmetry allowed crossing (S(0)/S(1) conical intersection). It is shown that applying an external electric field or varying the solvent polarity changes the relative energies of the different transition states as well as that of the conical intersection, and thus different photochemical products can be obtained. In particular, the very existence of conical intersections is found to depend on these external parameters. This work provides a theoretical foundation for ideas expressed by Squillacote et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1940) concerning the electrostatic control of photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Coe JD, Ong MT, Levine BG, Martínez TJ. On the Extent and Connectivity of Conical Intersection Seams and the Effects of Three-State Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12559-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806072k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Coe
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Mitchell T. Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Benniston AC, Harriman A, Howell SL, Li P, Lydon DP. Opening a Spiropyran Ring by Way of an Exciplex Intermediate. J Org Chem 2007; 72:888-97. [PMID: 17253808 DOI: 10.1021/jo062124l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dyad has been synthesized in which the main chromophore is a 1,4-diethynylated benzene residue terminated with pyrene moieties, this latter unit acting as a single chromophore. A spiropyran group has been condensed to the central phenylene ring so as to position a weak electron donor close to the pyrene unit. Illumination of the pyrene-based chromophore leads to formation of a fluorescent exciplex in polar solvents but pyrene-like fluorescence is observed in nonpolar solvents. The exciplex has a lifetime of a few nanoseconds and undergoes intersystem crossing to the pyrene-like triplet state with low efficiency. Attaching a 4-nitrobenzene group to the open end of the spiropyran unit creates a new route for decay of the exciplex whereby the triplet state of the spiropyran is formed. Nonradiative decay of this latter species results in ring opening to form the corresponding merocyanine species. Rate constants for the various steps have been obtained from time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy carried out over a modest temperature range. Under visible light illumination, the merocyanine form reverts to the original spiropyran geometry so that the cycle is closed. Energy transfer from the pyrene chromophore to the merocyanine unit leads to an increased rate of ring closure and serves to push the steady-state composition in favor of the spiropyran form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Clary
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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