1
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Roman MJ, Knight AG, Moon DR, Lane PD, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Distinguishing Mechanisms for Reactive Uptake at Liquid Surfaces via Angular Distributions of Inelastically Scattered Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5166-5174. [PMID: 38915192 PMCID: PMC11229065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Angular distributions of OH inelastically scattered from the surfaces of the reactive hydrocarbon liquids squalane (fully saturated) and squalene (partially unsaturated) have been measured. A pulsed, rotationally cold molecular beam (Ei = 35 kJ mol-1) of OH was scattered from refreshed liquid surfaces in a vacuum. Spatially and temporally resolved OH number densities were measured by pulsed, planar laser-induced fluorescence. Results are compared with those for the inert liquid perfluoropolyether. The clearly asymmetric distributions for 45° incidence add to the weight of evidence for predominantly impulsive scattering from all three liquids. However, we propose that significant differences in their shapes may be diagnostic of contrasting reaction mechanisms. Direct, near-specular trajectories survive preferentially on squalene, consistent with an addition mechanism removing those at more backward angles. This trend is reversed for squalane, as expected for direct abstraction. The results reinforce the need to consider the effects of composition-dependent contributions from different reaction mechanisms in the modeling of OH-aging of atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian J Roman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Adam G Knight
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Daniel R Moon
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Paul D Lane
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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2
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Bianchini RH, Roman MJ, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Real-space laser-induced fluorescence imaging applied to gas-liquid interfacial scattering. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Bianchini
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Maksymilian J. Roman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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3
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Amabilino S, Bratholm LA, Bennie SJ, Vaucher AC, Reiher M, Glowacki DR. Training Neural Nets To Learn Reactive Potential Energy Surfaces Using Interactive Quantum Chemistry in Virtual Reality. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4486-4499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Lars A. Bratholm
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Simon J. Bennie
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Alain C. Vaucher
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Smoll EJ, Tesa-Serrate MA, Purcell SM, D'Andrea L, Bruce DW, Slattery JM, Costen ML, Minton TK, McKendrick KG. Determining the composition of the vacuum-liquid interface in ionic-liquid mixtures. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:497-522. [PMID: 28944811 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vacuum-liquid interfaces of a number of ionic-liquid mixtures have been investigated using the combination of reactive-atom scattering with laser-induced fluorescence detection (RAS-LIF), selected surface tension measurements, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The mixtures are based on the widespread 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Cnmim]+) cation, including mixed cations which differ in chain length or chemical functionality with a common anion; and different anions for a common cation. RAS-LIF results imply that the surface compositions exhibit a general form of non-stoichiometric behaviour that mimics the well-known Henry's and Raoult's laws at low and high mole fraction, respectively. The extended Langmuir model provides a moderately good single-parameter fit, but higher-order terms are required for an accurate description. The quantitative relationship between RAS-LIF and surface tension, which probes the surface composition only indirectly, is explored for mixtures of [C2mim]+ and [C12mim]+ with a common bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]-) anion. Extended Langmuir model fits to surface tension data are broadly consistent with those to RAS-LIF; however, several other common approaches to extracting surface compositions from measured surface tensions result in much larger discrepancies. MD simulations suggest that RAS-LIF faithfully reports on the alkyl-chain exposure at the surface, which is only subtly modified by composition-dependent structural reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Smoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
| | - M A Tesa-Serrate
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - S M Purcell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - L D'Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - J M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - T K Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
| | - K G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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5
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Hecksher T, Olsen NB, Dyre JC. Model for the alpha and beta shear-mechanical properties of supercooled liquids and its comparison to squalane data. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154504. [PMID: 28433033 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents data for supercooled squalane's frequency-dependent shear modulus covering frequencies from 10 mHz to 30 kHz and temperatures from 168 K to 190 K; measurements are also reported for the glass phase down to 146 K. The data reveal a strong mechanical beta process. A model is proposed for the shear response of the metastable equilibrium liquid phase of supercooled liquids. The model is an electrical equivalent-circuit characterized by additivity of the dynamic shear compliances of the alpha and beta processes. The nontrivial parts of the alpha and beta processes are each represented by a "Cole-Cole retardation element" defined as a series connection of a capacitor and a constant-phase element, resulting in the Cole-Cole compliance function well-known from dielectrics. The model, which assumes that the high-frequency decay of the alpha shear compliance loss varies with the angular frequency as ω-1/2, has seven parameters. Assuming time-temperature superposition for the alpha and beta processes separately, the number of parameters varying with temperature is reduced to four. The model provides a better fit to the data than an equally parametrized Havriliak-Negami type model. From the temperature dependence of the best-fit model parameters, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the alpha relaxation time conforms to the shoving model; (2) the beta relaxation loss-peak frequency is almost temperature independent; (3) the alpha compliance magnitude, which in the model equals the inverse of the instantaneous shear modulus, is only weakly temperature dependent; (4) the beta compliance magnitude decreases by a factor of three upon cooling in the temperature range studied. The final part of the paper briefly presents measurements of the dynamic adiabatic bulk modulus covering frequencies from 10 mHz to 10 kHz in the temperature range from 172 K to 200 K. The data are qualitatively similar to the shear modulus data by having a significant beta process. A single-order-parameter framework is suggested to rationalize these similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hecksher
- "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Boye Olsen
- "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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6
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Tesa-Serrate MA, Smoll EJ, Minton TK, McKendrick KG. Atomic and Molecular Collisions at Liquid Surfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:515-40. [PMID: 27090845 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gas-liquid interface remains one of the least explored, but nevertheless most practically important, environments in which molecular collisions take place. These molecular-level processes underlie many bulk phenomena of fundamental and applied interest, spanning evaporation, respiration, multiphase catalysis, and atmospheric chemistry. We review here the research that has, during the past decade or so, been unraveling the molecular-level mechanisms of inelastic and reactive collisions at the gas-liquid interface. Armed with the knowledge that such collisions with the outer layers of the interfacial region can be unambiguously distinguished, we show that the scattering of gas-phase projectiles is a promising new tool for the interrogation of liquid surfaces with extreme surface sensitivity. Especially for reactive scattering, this method also offers absolute chemical selectivity for the groups that react to produce a specific observed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tesa-Serrate
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;
| | - Eric J Smoll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717;
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717;
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;
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7
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8
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Tesa-Serrate MA, King KL, Paterson G, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Site and bond-specific dynamics of reactions at the gas–liquid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:173-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Ruehl CR, Nah T, Isaacman G, Worton DR, Chan AWH, Kolesar KR, Cappa CD, Goldstein AH, Wilson KR. The Influence of Molecular Structure and Aerosol Phase on the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Normal and Branched Alkanes by OH. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3990-4000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401888q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Ruehl
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Theodora Nah
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David R. Worton
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley,
California 94710, United States
| | - Arthur W. H. Chan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katheryn R. Kolesar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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10
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King KL, Paterson G, Rossi GE, Iljina M, Westacott RE, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Inelastic scattering of OH radicals from organic liquids: isolating the thermal desorption channel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12852-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Waring C, King KL, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Dynamics of the Gas−Liquid Interfacial Reaction of O(1D) with a Liquid Hydrocarbon. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7210-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200292n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Waring
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Kerry L King
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew L Costen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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12
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Waring C, Bagot PAJ, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Reactive Scattering as a Chemically Specific Analytical Probe of Liquid Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:12-18. [PMID: 26295207 DOI: 10.1021/jz1013032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we highlight some recent progress in the reactive scattering of "chemical probe" species such as atoms or small radicals from liquid surfaces. We emphasize in particular the evolution of this area from purely dynamical studies of the scattering mechanism. The mechanistic understanding that has now been gained is sufficiently mature to allow the same methods to be used as an effective analytical tool. The use of this approach to measure liquid-surface composition and structure is illustrated through the scattering of O((3)P) atoms from a common, imidazolium-based family of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Waring
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Paul A J Bagot
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew L Costen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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13
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Waring C, King KL, Bagot PAJ, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Collision dynamics and reactive uptake of OH radicals at liquid surfaces of atmospheric interest. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8457-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Waring C, Bagot PAJ, Slattery JM, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. O(3P) Atoms as a Chemical Probe of Surface Ordering in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4896-904. [DOI: 10.1021/jp912045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Waring
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Paul A. J. Bagot
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - John M. Slattery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew L. Costen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Kenneth G. McKendrick
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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15
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Yockel S, Schatz GC. Modeling O(3P) and Ar Scattering from the Ionic Liquid [emim][NO3] at 5 eV with Hybrid QM/MM Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14241-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910707v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yockel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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16
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Behr P, Scharfenort U, Zellner R. Collisions of noble gases with supercooled sulfuric acid-water solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7292-302. [PMID: 19672541 DOI: 10.1039/b821751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The collisions of hyperthermal noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) with supercooled binary sulfuric acid-water mixtures (57-77 wt%) were explored in the temperature range between 210 and 240 K. The experiments were performed by directing a molecular beam of the respective gases onto a continuously renewed liquid surface and monitoring the velocity of the scattered molecules by mass spectrometry. Depending on the initial translational energies and molecular masses, we observe both inelastic scattering from the surface as well as thermalization followed by subsequent desorption. The experiments indicate that the repulsive momentum transfer in the inelastic scattering channel increases with increasing mass of the impinging gas, while it is only weakly affected by the initial velocities. The final energy of the thermally desorbing atoms can always be approximated by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution equal to the liquid bulk phase temperature. The influence of the binary composition of the liquid phase is only noticeable in the case of Ne, whilst this dependence diminishes for gases with molecular masses >or=40 amu. The probability of thermalisation relative to inelastic scattering increases with the bulk phase temperature, independent of the molecular masses of the colliding gas. In contrast, the fractional energy transfer during collision does not increase with temperature, except for Neon. These results can be interpreted in the model framework of hard-sphere collisions of noble gases with the surface, during which water and sulfuric acid molecules interact independently with the impinging gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Behr
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Packwood DM, Phillips LF. A Stochastic, Local Mode Treatment of High-Energy Gas−Liquid Collisions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7647-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811164u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Packwood
- Chemistry Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leon F. Phillips
- Chemistry Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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18
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Brastad SM, Albert DR, Huang M, Nathanson GM. Collisions of DCl with a Solution Covered with Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ions: Tetrahexylammonium Bromide in Glycerol. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7422-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900232v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Brastad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Daniel R. Albert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322
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19
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Perkins BG, Nesbitt DJ. Toward Three-Dimensional Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics at the Gas−Liquid Interface: Theoretical Investigation of Incident Angle. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4613-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811322y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G. Perkins
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - David J. Nesbitt
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
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20
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Radak BK, Yockel S, Kim D, Schatz GC. Modeling Reactive Scattering of F(2P) at a Liquid Squalane Interface: A Hybrid QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7218-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809546r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Radak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Scott Yockel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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21
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Waring C, Bagot PAJ, Räisänen MT, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Dynamics of the Reaction of O(3P) Atoms with Alkylthiol Self-assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4320-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Waring
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Paul A. J. Bagot
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Minna T. Räisänen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Matthew L. Costen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Kenneth G. McKendrick
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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22
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Zolot AM, Dagdigian PJ, Nesbitt DJ. Quantum-state resolved reactive scattering at the gas-liquid interface: F+squalane (C30H62) dynamics via high-resolution infrared absorption of nascent HF(v,J). J Chem Phys 2008; 129:194705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2973630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Troya D. Barriers of Hydrogen Abstraction from Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alkane Sites by O(3P). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10745-53. [PMID: 17914781 DOI: 10.1021/jp075174i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an extensive study of the barriers of hydrogen abstraction from primary, secondary, and tertiary sites of acyclic alkanes by ground-state oxygen atoms. Our studies include the characterization of the lowest-energy transition states of the O(3P) reactions with methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and isopentane using high-level ab initio methods. The order of the calculated barriers heights is primary > secondary > tertiary, in agreement with the trends gleaned from kinetic measurements. Analysis of the transition-state geometry reveals a shift toward more reagents-like structures in the primary --> secondary --> tertiary sequence, which concurs with the expectation from Hammond's postulate. Using the ab initio data, we calculate thermal rate constants via transition-state theory. Our highest-level calculations indicate that the room-temperature relative reactivities of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkane sites in hydrogen-abstraction reactions by ground-state oxygen atoms are 1, 29, and 422, respectively. These results are used to interpret recent experiments on the reactions of O(3P) with liquid alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 107 Davidson Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
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24
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Kim D, Schatz GC. Theoretical Investigation of Hyperthermal Reactions at the Gas−Liquid Interface: O (3P) and Squalane. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:5019-31. [PMID: 17511430 DOI: 10.1021/jp0700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermal collisions (5 eV) of ground-state atomic oxygen [O ((3)P)] with a liquid-saturated hydrocarbon, squalane (C(30)H(62)), have been studied using QM/MM hybrid "on-the-fly" direct dynamics. The surface structure of the liquid squalane is obtained from a classical molecular dynamics simulation using the OPLS-AA force field. The MSINDO semiempirical Hamiltonian is combined with OPLS-AA for the QM/MM calculations. In order to achieve a more consistent and efficient simulation of the collisions, we implemented a dynamic partitioning of the QM and MM atoms in which atoms are assigned to QM or MM regions based on their proximity to "seed" (open-shell) atoms that determine where bond making/breaking can occur. In addition, the number of seed atoms is allowed to increase or decrease as time evolves so that multiple reactive events can be described. The results show that H abstraction is the most important process for all incident angles, with H elimination, double H abstraction, and C-C bond cleavage also being important. A number of properties of these reactive channels, as well as inelastic nonreactive scattering, are investigated, including angular and translational energy distributions, the effect of incident collision angle, variation with depth of the reactive event within the liquid, with the reaction site on the hydrocarbon, and the effect of dynamics before and after reaction (direct reaction versus trapping reaction-desorption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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