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Pignanelli F, Romero M, Faccio R, Mombrú ÁW. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Ionic Pair Dissociation in a Lithium Ion-Linear Polyethylenimine-Polyacrylonitrile Blend for Solid Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2017. [PMID: 28636820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a novel polymeric blend between linear polyethylene imine (PEI) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with the purpose of facilitating the dissociation of lithium perchlorate salt (LiClO4) and thus to enhance Li ion transport. It is a joint theoretical and experimental procedure for evaluating and thus demonstrating the lithium salt dissociation. The procedure implies the correlation between the theoretical pair distribution function (PDF) and conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) by means of a molecular dynamics (MD) approach. Additionally, we correlated the experimental and theoretical Raman and infrared spectroscopy for vibrational characterization of the lithium salt after dissociation in the polymeric blend. We also performed confocal Raman microscopy analysis to evidence the homogeneity on the distribution of all components and the LiClO4 dissociation in the polymer blend. The electrochemical impedance analysis confirmed that the Li-PAN-PEI blend presents a slightly better lithium conductivity of ∼8 × 10-7 S cm-1. These results suggest that this polymer blend material is promising for the development of novel fluorine-free solid polymer lithium ion electrolytes, and the methodology is suitable for characterizing similar polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pignanelli
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , C.P. 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , C.P. 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , C.P. 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro W Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , C.P. 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Chen J, Henderson WA, Pan H, Perdue BR, Cao R, Hu JZ, Wan C, Han KS, Mueller KT, Zhang JG, Shao Y, Liu J. Improving Lithium-Sulfur Battery Performance under Lean Electrolyte through Nanoscale Confinement in Soft Swellable Gels. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3061-3067. [PMID: 28448154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Li-S batteries have been extensively studied using rigid carbon as the host for sulfur encapsulation, but improving the properties with a reduced electrolyte amount remains a significant challenge. This is critical for achieving high energy density. Here, we developed a soft PEO10LiTFSI polymer swellable gel as a nanoscale reservoir to trap the polysulfides under lean electrolyte conditions. The PEO10LiTFSI gel immobilizes the electrolyte and confines polysulfides within the ion conducting phase. The Li-S cell with a much lower electrolyte to sulfur ratio (E/S) of 4 gE/gS (3.3 mLE/gS) could deliver a capacity of 1200 mA h/g, 4.6 mA h/cm2, and good cycle life. The accumulation of polysulfide reduction products, such as Li2S, on the cathode, is identified as the potential mechanism for capacity fading under lean electrolyte conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Chen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Wesley A Henderson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Huilin Pan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian R Perdue
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Chuan Wan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Zardalidis G, Ioannou E, Pispas S, Floudas G. Relating Structure, Viscoelasticity, and Local Mobility to Conductivity in PEO/LiTf Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400266w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Zardalidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina,
Greece
| | - Eirini Ioannou
- Theroretical and
Physical Chemistry
Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theroretical and
Physical Chemistry
Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina,
Greece
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Ramón-Gimenez L, Storz R, Haberl J, Finkelmann H, Hoffmann A. Anisotropic Ionic Mobility of Lithium Salts in Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:386-91. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wu G, Zhu J. NMR studies of alkali metal ions in organic and biological solids. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 61:1-70. [PMID: 22340207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Halye JL, Rice CV. Cadmium Chelation by Bacterial Teichoic Acid from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:333-40. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9010479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Halye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Charles V. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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Tang D, Wu D, Luo Q, Hu W, Wang F, Liu S, Liu X, Fan Q. Single-Molecule Behavior of Dendritic Poly(ethylene glycol) Structures towards Lithium Ions. Chemistry 2009; 15:10352-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Garimella R, Halye JL, Harrison W, Klebba PE, Rice CV. Conformation of the phosphate D-alanine zwitterion in bacterial teichoic acid from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2009; 48:9242-9. [PMID: 19746945 PMCID: PMC4196936 DOI: 10.1021/bi900503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of d-alanine (d-Ala) groups of bacterial teichoic acid is a central, yet untested, paradigm of microbiology. The d-Ala binds via the C-terminus, thereby allowing the amine to exist as a free cationic NH(3)(+) group with the ability to form a contact ion pair with the nearby anionic phosphate group. This conformation hinders metal chelation by the phosphate because the zwitterion pair is charge neutral. To the contrary, the repulsion of cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) is attributed to the presence of the d-Ala cation; thus the ion pair does not form in this model. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to measure the distance between amine and phosphate groups within cell wall fragments of Bacillus subtilis. The bacteria were grown on media containing (15)N d-Ala and beta-chloroalanine racemase inhibitor. The rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) pulse sequence was used to measure the internuclear dipolar coupling, and the results demonstrate (1) the metal-free amine-to-phosphate distance is 4.4 A and (2) the amine-to-phosphate distance increases to 5.4 A in the presence of Mg(2+) ions. As a result, the zwitterion exists in a nitrogen-oxygen ion pair configuration providing teichoic acid with a positive charge to repel CAMPs. Additionally, the amine of d-Ala does not prevent magnesium chelation in contradiction to the prevailing view of teichoic acids in metal binding. Thus, the NMR-based description of teichoic acid structure resolves the contradictory models, advances the basic understanding of cell wall biochemistry, and provides possible insight into the creation of new antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindranath Garimella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Jeffrey L. Halye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019
| | - William Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Phillip E. Klebba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Charles V. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019
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Wickham JR, Mason RN, Rice CV. Solid-state NMR studies of the crystalline and amorphous domains within PEO and PEO: LiTf systems. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2007; 31:184-92. [PMID: 17587555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) contain amorphous and crystalline regions, each of which have unique contributions to the (13)C NMR spectrum. Understanding and assigning the (13)C NMR signals are vital to interpreting the NMR data collected for each phase. The (13)C CPMAS solid-state NMR spectrum of poly(ethylene oxide), a common polymer electrolyte host material, has superimposed broad and narrow components. Previously, the narrow component has been assigned to the amorphous region and the broad component to the crystalline PEO fraction. These assignments for pure PEO have been applied to various PEO:salt systems. Using lithium triflate salt dissolved in PEO, we revisit the spectral assignments and discover that the narrow component is due to crystalline PEO:LiTf component, which is reversed from the previous pure PEO assignment. This paradigm shift is based on data collected from a 100% crystalline PEO:LiTf with a 3:1 oxygen:lithium ratio sample, which exhibited only the narrow peak. For dilute electrolytes, such as 20:1 PEO:LiTf, the (13)C CPMAS spectra contain the narrow peak superimposed on a broad peak as seen with pure PEO. As dilute electrolytes are heterogeneous with crystalline and amorphous regions of both pure PEO and PEO:LiTf complex, peak assignments for pure PEO and PEO:LiTf are important. Thus, we reexamine the previous assignment for pure PEO using samples of pure powdered PEO, thermally treated pure powdered PEO, and a thin film PEO cast from an acetonitrile solution. With these different samples, we observed the growth of the narrow peak under conditions that favor crystallization. Therefore, for pure PEO, we have reassigned the narrow peak to the crystalline region and the broad peak to the amorphous region. In light of our observations, previous NMR studies of pure PEO and PEO SPEs should be reinvestigated. We also use rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) to study the 20:1 PEO:LiTf created from 2 and 100 kDa PEO. We find that the lithium environment is similar in the respective microcrystalline domains. However, the 100 kDa samples have a larger fraction of pure crystalline PEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wickham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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