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Cunha C, Pinto A, Galvão A, Rodríguez L, Seixas de Melo JS. Aggregation-Induced Emission with Alkynylcoumarin Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes: Photophysical, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6964-6976. [PMID: 35475605 PMCID: PMC9775461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has gained a remarkable amount of interest in the past 20 years, but the majority of the studies are based on organic structures. Herein, three dinuclear gold(I) complexes, with the general formula [PPh2XPPh2-Au2-Coum2], where the Au(I) atom is linked to three different diphosphanes [PPh2XPPh2; DPPM for X = CH2 (1.1), DPPP for X = (CH2)3 (1.2), and DPPA for X = C≡C (1.3)] and the propynyloxycoumarin precursor (1, 4-methyl-substituted coumarin), have been synthesized. The compounds present AIE characteristics, AIEgens, with high luminescence quantum yields in the solid state when they are compared to dilute solutions. Photophysical studies (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence) were obtained, with AIE being observed with the three gold(I) complexes in acetonitrile/water mixtures. This was further corroborated with dynamic light scattering measurements. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic calculations show that the compounds have different syn and anti conformations (relative to the coumarin core) with 1.1 syn and 1.2 and 1.3 both anti. From time-resolved fluorescence experiments, the augment in the contribution of the longer decay component is found to be associated with the emission of the aggregate (AIE effect) and its nature (involving a dimer) rationalized from TDDFT electronic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cunha
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1−11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Adelino Galvão
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1−11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain,
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal,
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2
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Pereira NAM, Laranjo M, Nascimento BFO, Simões JCS, Pina J, Costa BDP, Brites G, Braz J, Seixas de Melo JS, Pineiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Novel fluorinated ring-fused chlorins as promising PDT agents against melanoma and esophagus cancer. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:615-627. [PMID: 34046633 PMCID: PMC8128062 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, derived from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, as PDT agents against melanoma and esophagus cancer is disclosed. Diol and diester fluorinated ring-fused chlorins, including derivatives with 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanamino groups at the phenyl rings, were obtained via a two-step methodology, combining SNAr and [8π + 2π] cycloaddition reactions. The short-chain PEG groups at the para-position of the phenyl rings together with the diol moiety at the fused pyrazole ring promote a red-shift of the Soret band, a decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield and an increase of the singlet oxygen formation quantum yield, improving the photophysical characteristics required to act as a photosensitizer. Introduction of these hydrophilic groups also improves the incorporation of the sensitizers by the cells reaching cellular uptake values of nearly 50% of the initial dose. The rational design led to a photosensitizer with impressive IC50 values, 13 and 27 nM against human melanoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A M Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bruno F O Nascimento
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João C S Simões
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bruna D P Costa
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Brites
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Braz
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Rodrigues ACB, Seixas de Melo JS. Aggregation-Induced Emission: From Small Molecules to Polymers-Historical Background, Mechanisms and Photophysics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:15. [PMID: 33725207 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of photoluminescence through formation of molecular aggregates in organic oligomers and conjugated organic polymers is reviewed. A historical contextualization of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena is presented. This includes the loose bolt or free rotor effect and J-aggregation phenomena, and discusses their characteristic features, including structures and mechanisms. The basis of both effects is examined in key molecules, with a particular emphasis on the AIE effect occurring in conjugated organic polymers with a polythiophene (PT) skeleton with triphenylethylene (TPE) units. Rigidification of the excited state structure is one of the defining conditions required to obtain AIE, and thus, by changing from a flexible ground state to rigid (quinoidal-like) structures, oligo and PTs are among the most promising emerging molecules alongside with the more extensively used TPE derivatives. Molecular structures moving away from the domination of aggregation-caused quenching to AIE are presented. Future perspectives for the rational design of AIEgen structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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B. Rodrigues AC, Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS. Structure-relation properties of N-substituted phenothiazines in solution and solid state: Photophysical, photostability and aggregation-induced emission studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gonzalez ACS, Damas L, Aroso RT, Tomé VA, Dias LD, Pina J, Carrilho RMB, Pereira MM. Monoterpene-based metallophthalocyanines: Sustainable synthetic approaches and photophysical studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-substituted zinc(II) and copper(II) phthalocyanines bearing peripheral alkoxy-monoterpene groups were prepared by conventional vs. non-conventional synthetic approaches (ultrasound and microwave irradiation). The synthesis of (1[Formula: see text]-(–)-myrtenol (a) and (1[Formula: see text],2[Formula: see text],5[Formula: see text]-([Formula: see text]-menthol (b) derived phthalonitrile precursors was performed through ipso-nitro aromatic substitution reactions, with optimal conditions being obtained using ultrasound irradiation, which allowed us to achieve full conversions in 4.5 h, with isolated yields up to 74%. The subsequent cyclotetramerization of monoterpene-based phthalonitriles was carried out using Zn(II) or Cu(II) salts as metal templates, and also using conventional and non-conventional heating methods. Microwave-assisted synthesis was shown to be the most efficient approach, providing complete conversions in 1 h, yielding the target monoterpene-based metallophthalocyanines in up to 70% isolated yields. Furthermore, photophysical and photochemical studies revealed that Zn(II) phthalocyanines possess fluorescence quantum yields in the range of [Formula: see text] 0.27–0.29, while Cu(II) phthalocyanines exhibited room temperature phosphorescence. In addition, the monoterpene-based Zn(II) phthalocyanines led to high singlet oxygen quantum yields ([Formula: see text] 0.55–0.69).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C. S. Gonzalez
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Damas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael T. Aroso
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas D. Dias
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590, São Carlos — SP, Brazil
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M. B. Carrilho
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
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Delgado-Pinar E, Valente AJ, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J. A comprehensive photophysical and NMR investigation on the interaction of a 4-methylumbelliferone derivative and cucurbit[7]uril. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Pina J, de Castro CS, Delgado-Pinar E, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J. Characterization of 4-methylesculetin and of its mono- and di-methoxylated derivatives in water and organic solvents in its ground, singlet and triplet excited states. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Suresh D, Gomes CSB, Lopes PS, Figueira CA, Ferreira B, Gomes PT, Di Paolo RE, Maçanita AL, Duarte MT, Charas A, Morgado J, Vila-Viçosa D, Calhorda MJ. Luminescent Di- and Trinuclear Boron Complexes Based on Aromatic Iminopyrrolyl Spacer Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in OLEDs. Chemistry 2015; 21:9133-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Pina J, Pinheiro D, Nascimento B, Piñeiro M, Seixas de Melo JS. The effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on the spectral and photophysical properties of diaryl-pyrrole derivatives: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18319-26. [PMID: 25059806 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new class of diaryl-pyrrole derivatives of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene were synthesized in a multicomponent reaction under microwave irradiation and studied in solution at room (293 K) and low (77 K) temperature. The study includes a complete spectroscopic evaluation (singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra) as well as photophysical evaluation (fluorescence, phosphorescence and triplet lifetimes together with fluorescence and triplet occupation and singlet oxygen sensitization quantum yields). From the above evaluation, a complete set of deactivation rate constants (kF, kIC and kISC) could be obtained. The study was further complemented with TDDFT calculations. It is shown that, with the exception of the anthracene derivative, the diaryl-pyrrole moiety strongly influences the spectral and photophysical properties of the PAH and that with the exception of the benzene derivative, the excited state internal conversion deactivation channel of the diaryl-pyrrole derivatives is higher than that of the PAH counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. Triphenylamine–Benzimidazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Excited-State Characterization, and DFT Studies. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11389-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401803u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Rosa M. F. Batista
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana P. G. Costa
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Manuela M. Raposo
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Pina J, de Melo JS, Breusov D, Scherf U. Donor–acceptor–donor thienyl/bithienyl-benzothiadiazole/quinoxaline model oligomers: experimental and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15204-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wright IA, Kanibolotsky AL, Cameron J, Tuttle T, Skabara PJ, Coles SJ, Howells CT, Thomson SAJ, Gambino S, Samuel IDW. Oligothiophene Cruciform with a Germanium Spiro Center: A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wright IA, Kanibolotsky AL, Cameron J, Tuttle T, Skabara PJ, Coles SJ, Howells CT, Thomson SAJ, Gambino S, Samuel IDW. Oligothiophene Cruciform with a Germanium Spiro Center: A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4562-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Seixas de Melo JS, Cabral C, Lima JC, Maçanita AL. Characterization of the Singlet and Triplet Excited States of 3-Chloro-4-methylumbelliferone. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8392-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204354x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prostota Y, Coelho PJ, Pina J, de Melo JS. Photochromic and photophysical properties of new benzo- and naphtho[1,3]oxazine switches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1346-54. [PMID: 21706110 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Prostota
- Centro de Química - Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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Zhou N, Wang L, Thompson DW, Zhao Y. OPE/OPV H-mers: synthesis, electronic properties, and spectroscopic responses to binding with transition metal ions. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pålsson LO, Nehls BS, Galbrecht F, Coombs BA, Dias FB, Farrell T, Scherf U, Monkman AP. Synthesis, Excited State Dynamics, and Optical Characteristics of Oligophenyl-Based Swivel Cruciforms in Solution and Solid State. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12765-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1028883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Olof Pålsson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin S. Nehls
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Galbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin A. Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando B. Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany, and Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of the ground and excited states of tripodal-like oligothienyl-imidazoles. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4964-72. [PMID: 20337451 DOI: 10.1021/jp9104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six new thiophene oligomers, here designated as tripodal-like oligothienyl-imidazoles, were synthesized and have been investigated in ethanol solution at room and low temperature. The oligomers bear a common core where two or more thiophenes are linked to one or more imidazole units that further links through its alpha-position to a different number of incremental thiophene units. The study involves a comprehensive spectral and photophysical investigation where the properties of the singlet and triplet states have been investigated regarding absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence, transient triplet-triplet absorption together with all relevant quantum yields (fluorescence, phi(F), internal conversion, phi(IC), intersystem crossing, phi(T,) and singlet oxygen, phi(Delta)) and lifetimes. In addition, density functional theory quantum chemical calculations were performed to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular geometry and optical properties of the investigated oligomers. From the overall data, the radiative (k(F)) and radiationless (k(NR), k(IC), and k(ISC)) rate constants have been determined and it is shown that, in contrast with the parent oligothiophenes, the radiative competes with the radiationless deactivation channels. The results show that, by comparison with the oligothiophene counterparts, there is an augment of the relative contributions of the internal conversion and fluorescence processes relative to the S(1)~~-->T(1) intersystem crossing. Phosphosphorescence emission was found for the simplest member of the investigated compounds with a low quantum yield (phi(Ph) = 0.009) and a lifetime of 8 micros. The data also show that the introduction of a 4,5-dithienyl-imidazole moiety in a bi- or terthiophene oligomer results in, respectively, a 20-fold and a 3-fold increase of the fluorescence quantum yield relative to their oligothiophene counterparts. The synergy of the structural and photophysical properties, combined with the exceptional thermal stabilities, opens new perspectives related to the copolymerization of oligothiophenes with thienyl-imidazole units with potential application as organic light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gutacker A, Koenen N, Scherf U, Adamczyk S, Pina J, Fonseca SM, Valente AJ, Evans RC, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Knaapila M. Cationic fluorene-thiophene diblock copolymers: Aggregation behaviour in methanol/water and its relation to thin film structures. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. The influence of the relative position of the thiophene and pyrrole rings in donor–acceptor thienylpyrrolyl-benzothiazole derivatives. A photophysical and theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9719-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c002434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oliva M, Casado J, López Navarrete J, Hennrich G, van Cleuvenbergen S, Asselberghs I, Clays K, Ruiz Delgado M, Brédas JL, Seixas de Melo J, De Cola L. Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Nonlinear Optics, and Theoretical Investigations of Thienylethynyl Octopoles with a Tunable Core. Chemistry 2009; 15:8223-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Maçanita AL, Galbrecht F, Bünnagel T, Scherf U. Alternating Binaphthyl−Thiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Photophysics and Their Relevance to the Question of Energy Migration versus Conformational Relaxation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H. D. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. L. Maçanita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F. Galbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Bünnagel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U. Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Abbel R, Wolffs M, Bovee RAA, van Dongen JLJ, Lou X, Henze O, Feast WJ, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ. Side-Chain Degradation of Ultrapure π-Conjugated Oligomers: Implications for Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:597-602. [PMID: 21161989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Abbel
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS. A comprehensive investigation of the electronic spectral and photophysical properties of conjugated naphthalene–thiophene oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8706-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b909113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Seixas de Melo J, Pina J, Rodrigues L, Becker R. A comprehensive study of the spectral and photophysical properties of arylthiophenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Galbrecht F, Bilge A, Kudla CJ, Scherf U. Excited State Properties of Oligophenyl and Oligothienyl Swivel Cruciforms. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1104-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0773280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H. D. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F. Galbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. Bilge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C. J. Kudla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U. Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauβstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Pina J, de Melo JSS, Burrows HD, Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. Spectral and Photophysical Characterization of Donor-π-Acceptor Arylthienyl- and Bithienyl-Benzothiazole Derivatives in Solution and Solid State. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8574-8. [PMID: 17696325 DOI: 10.1021/jp0730646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study has been made in solution at room temperature (293 K), low temperature (77 K), and in thin films (Zeonex matrixes) of the spectral and photophysical properties of six arylthienyl- and bithienyl-benzothiazole derivatives functionalized with different donor groups. Similar experiments have been carried out with two related precursors (containing the arylthienyl and aryl-bithienyl conjugated systems), and results are compared. Singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet absorption spectra, emission spectra together with lifetimes and quantum yields have been obtained, and from these data the rates for all the radiative and nonradiative processes determined, providing information on the dominant decay processes. The arylthienyl-benzothiazole derivatives show high fluorescence quantum yields (phi(F)) with negligible internal conversion (phi(IC)), whereas the bithienyl-benzothiazoles display lower but still significant phi(F) values, but now radiationless processes (phi(IC) and phi(ISC)) are competitive. A comparison with the analogous oligothiophenes is made. Singlet oxygen yields were also determined and the triplet energy transfer to (3)O2 to produce (1)O2 was found to be highly efficient with values of S(Delta)(= phi(Delta)/phi(T)) varying from 0.4 to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Departament of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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