1
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Grabowski SJ. Hydrogen bond types which do not fit accepted definitions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6239-6255. [PMID: 38828514 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
There are various interactions that either partially fit or do not fit the currently accepted definitions of the hydrogen bond. However, they possess characteristics of this interaction. It seems that it is partly connected to the fact that these definitions are not precise. The typical 3c-4e (three centres - four electrons) A-H⋯B hydrogen bond is characterized by the single-atom A and B centres that are highly electronegative. On the other hand, non-typical interactions that do not fit the hydrogen bond definitions well are characterised by uncommon proton donors and/or proton acceptors. The cases of multi-centre proton acceptors, π-electron or σ-electron systems are well known - such interactions are designated as A-H⋯π and A-H⋯σ hydrogen bonds, respectively. However, the cases of interactions with the multi-centre proton donors and proton acceptors do not fit the majority of definitions of hydrogen bond. The π⋯H+⋯π system in the proton-bound homodimer of acetylene is an example. This system can be classified as a hydrogen bond according to the two-sites hydrogen bond, 2sHB, definition. There are various types of interactions discussed in this review; among them, those that are undoubtedly unclassified as hydrogen bonds, i.e., hydride bonds, and charge inverted hydrogen bonds, CIHBs. Special emphasis is also put here on the proton sponges and other systems such as the [FHF]- anion or [NgHNg]+ cation (Ng is the noble gas centre).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir J Grabowski
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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2
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Mouhat F, Peria M, Morresi T, Vuilleumier R, Saitta AM, Casula M. Thermal dependence of the hydrated proton and optimal proton transfer in the protonated water hexamer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6930. [PMID: 37903819 PMCID: PMC10616126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is a key ingredient for life and plays a central role as solvent in many biochemical reactions. However, the intrinsically quantum nature of the hydrogen nucleus, revealing itself in a large variety of physical manifestations, including proton transfer, gives rise to unexpected phenomena whose description is still elusive. Here we study, by a combination of state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo methods and path-integral molecular dynamics, the structure and hydrogen-bond dynamics of the protonated water hexamer, the fundamental unit for the hydrated proton. We report a remarkably low thermal expansion of the hydrogen bond from zero temperature up to 300 K, owing to the presence of short-Zundel configurations, characterised by proton delocalisation and favoured by the synergy of nuclear quantum effects and thermal activation. The hydrogen bond strength progressively weakens above 300 K, when localised Eigen-like configurations become relevant. Our analysis, supported by the instanton statistics of shuttling protons, reveals that the near-room-temperature range from 250 K to 300 K is optimal for proton transfer in the protonated water hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Mouhat
- Saint Gobain Research Paris, 39, Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Matteo Peria
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Morresi
- ECT*-Fondazione Bruno Kessler*, 286 Strada delle Tabarelle, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Marco Saitta
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Michele Casula
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France.
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3
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Khuu T, Schleif T, Mohamed A, Mitra S, Johnson MA, Valdiviezo J, Heindel JP, Head-Gordon T. Intra-cluster Charge Migration upon Hydration of Protonated Formic Acid Revealed by Anharmonic Analysis of Cold Ion Vibrational Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7501-7509. [PMID: 37669457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The rates of many chemical reactions are accelerated when carried out in micron-sized droplets, but the molecular origin of the rate acceleration remains unclear. One example is the condensation reaction of 1,2-diaminobenzene with formic acid to yield benzimidazole. The observed rate enhancements have been rationalized by invoking enhanced acidity at the surface of methanol solvent droplets with low water content to enable protonation of formic acid to generate a cationic species (protonated formic acid or PFA) formed by attachment of a proton to the neutral acid. Because PFA is the key feature in this reaction mechanism, vibrational spectra of cryogenically cooled, microhydrated PFA·(H2O)n=1-6 were acquired to determine how the extent of charge localization depends on the degree of hydration. Analysis of these highly anharmonic spectra with path integral ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveals the gradual displacement of the excess proton onto the water network in the microhydration regime at low temperatures with n = 3 as the tipping point for intra-cluster proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Khuu
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Tim Schleif
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Sayoni Mitra
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Pitzer Theory Center, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joseph P Heindel
- Pitzer Theory Center, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Theory Center, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Perrin CL. Symmetry of Hydrogen Bonds: Application of NMR Method of Isotopic Perturbation and Relevance of Solvatomers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114462. [PMID: 37298938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Short, strong, symmetric, low-barrier hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are thought to be of special significance. We have been searching for symmetric H-bonds by using the NMR technique of isotopic perturbation. Various dicarboxylate monoanions, aldehyde enols, diamines, enamines, acid-base complexes, and two sterically encumbered enols have been investigated. Among all of these, we have found only one example of a symmetric H-bond, in nitromalonamide enol, and all of the others are equilibrating mixtures of tautomers. The nearly universal lack of symmetry is attributed to the presence of these H-bonded species as a mixture of solvatomers, meaning isomers (or stereoisomers or tautomers) that differ in their solvation environment. The disorder of solvation renders the two donor atoms instantaneously inequivalent, whereupon the hydrogen attaches to the less well solvated donor. We therefore conclude that there is no special significance to short, strong, symmetric, low-barrier H-bonds. Moreover, they have no heightened stability or else they would have been more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Perrin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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5
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McNamara L, Waldron A, Thomas M, Jones W, O'Rourke P, Darrell S, Strange Fessler KA. Investigating the hydrolysis of cryogenically layered molybdenum hexafluoride through a disordered hydrogen-bonded network. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2990-2998. [PMID: 36606495 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6) is used as a non-radioactive substitute for uranium to study the hydrolysis of metal hexafluorides. Molybdenum hexafluoride gas and water vapor, from the air, were sequentially layered onto a diamond substrate kept at liquid nitrogen temperature using a custom designed cryogenic cell with a copper cold finger. Reaction progress was monitored by transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) through the layers and diamond substrate over several hours while allowing the substrate to warm. Changes in the modes in the 500-1000 cm-1 region are tracked as the reaction progresses in order to identify intermediate species. Strong absorption features are also observed in the 1000-3000 cm-1 range, suggesting the presence of ionic dissociation intermediates trapped in a disordered H-bonded network of cryogenic hydrofluoric acid. A possible reaction pathway is proposed and the final hydrolysis product is characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis McNamara
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA.
| | - Abigail Waldron
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA.
| | - Michael Thomas
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA.
| | - Willis Jones
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA. .,University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Patrick O'Rourke
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA.
| | - Simmons Darrell
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, 37830, TN, USA
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Interaction of Vinyl-Type Carbocations, C 3H 5+ and C 4H 7+ with Molecules of Water, Alcohols, and Acetone. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031146. [PMID: 36770812 PMCID: PMC9921539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy were used to study the products of the interaction of vinyl cations C3H5+ and C4H7+ (Cat+) (as salts of carborane anion CHB11Cl11-) with basic molecules of water, alcohols, and acetone that can crystallize from solutions in dichloromethane and C6HF5. Interaction with water, as content increased, proceeded via three-stages. (1) adduct Cat+·OH2 forms in which H2O binds (through the O atom) to the C=C+ bond of the cation with the same strength as seen in the binding to Na in Na(H2O)6+. (2) H+ is transferred from cation Cat+·OH2 to a water molecule forming H3O+ and alcohol molecules (L) having the CH=CHOH entity. The O- atom of alcohols is attached to the H atom of the C=C+-H moiety of Cat+ thereby forming a very strong asymmetric H-bond, (C=)C+-H⋅⋅⋅O. (3) Finally all vinyl cations are converted into alcohol molecule L and H3O+ cations, yielding proton disolvates L-H+-L with a symmetric very strong H-bond. When an acetone molecule (Ac) interacts with Cat+, H+ is transferred to Ac giving rise to a reactive carbene and proton disolvate Ac-H+-Ac. Thus, the alleged high reactivity of vinyl cations seems to be an exaggeration.
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7
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Maiorov VD, Tarakanova EG, Kislina IS. MECHANISM ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS AND STRUCTURES OF COMPLEXES IN 3,5-DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE SOLUTIONS IN METHANESULFONIC AND TRIFLUOROACETIC ACIDS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Maiorov VD, Tarakanova EG, Maiorov AV, Kislina IS. EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF NANOMOIETIES OF THE TRIETHYLAMINE– METHANSULFONIC ACID SYSTEM. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Gagkayeva ZV, Gorshunov BP, Kachesov AY, Motovilov KA. Infrared fingerprints of water collective dynamics indicate proton transport in biological systems. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044409. [PMID: 35590571 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent publications on spectroscopy of water layers in water bridge structures revealed a significant enhancement of the proton mobility and the dielectric contribution of translational vibrations of water molecules in the interfacial layers compared to bulk water. Herewith, the results of long-term studies of proton dynamics in solid-state acids have shown that proton mobility increases significantly with the predominance of hydronium, but not Zundel, cations in the aqueous phase. In the present work, in the light of these data, we reanalyzed our previously published results on broadband dielectric spectroscopy of bovine heart cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin, and the extracellular matrix and filaments of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. We revealed that, just as in water bridges, an increase in electrical conductivity in these systems correlates with an increase in the dielectric contribution of water molecular translational vibrations. In addition, the appearance of spectral signatures of the hydronium cations was observed only in those cases when the system revealed noticeable electrical conductivity due to delocalized charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z V Gagkayeva
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - B P Gorshunov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - A Ye Kachesov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - K A Motovilov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
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10
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Jessen C, Kornath AJ. Syntheses and Structures of Protonated Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jessen
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13(D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Andreas J. Kornath
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13(D) 81377 München Germany
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11
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Zeng HJ, Johnson MA. Demystifying the Diffuse Vibrational Spectrum of Aqueous Protons Through Cold Cluster Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:667-691. [PMID: 33646816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-061020-053456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ease with which the pH is routinely determined for aqueous solutions masks the fact that the cationic product of Arrhenius acid dissolution, the hydrated proton, or H+(aq), is a remarkably complex species. Here, we review how results obtained over the past 30 years in the study of H+⋅(H2O)n cluster ions isolated in the gas phase shed light on the chemical nature of H+(aq). This effort has also revealed molecular-level aspects of the Grotthuss relay mechanism for positive-charge translocation in water. Recently developed methods involving cryogenic cooling in radiofrequency ion traps and the application of two-color, infrared-infrared (IR-IR) double-resonance spectroscopy have established a clear picture of how local hydrogen-bond topology drives the diverse spectral signatures of the excess proton. This information now enables a new generation of cluster studies designed to unravel the microscopic mechanics underlying the ultrafast relaxation dynamics displayed by H+(aq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zeng
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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12
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Stoyanov ES, Stoyanova IV. Features of Protonation of the Simplest Weakly Basic Molecules, SO
2
, CO, N
2
O, CO
2
, and Others by Solid Carborane Superacids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S. Stoyanov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Department of Natural Science National Research University— Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Irina V. Stoyanova
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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13
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Stoyanov ES, Stoyanova IV. Features of Protonation of the Simplest Weakly Basic Molecules, SO2
, CO, N2
O, CO2
, and Others by Solid Carborane Superacids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4516-4520. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S. Stoyanov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Department of Natural Science; National Research University-; Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Irina V. Stoyanova
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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14
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Dahms F, Fingerhut BP, Nibbering ETJ, Pines E, Elsaesser T. Large-amplitude transfer motion of hydrated excess protons mapped by ultrafast 2D IR spectroscopy. Science 2017; 357:491-495. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Maiorov VD, Voloshenko GI, Kislina IS, Tarakanova EG, Yukhnevich GV. H3O 2 - ions with a strong quasi-symmetrical H-bond and their hydration in aqueous solutions of NaOH and KOH. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793116030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Miyamoto Y, Nasu T, Ozaki N, Umeta Y, Tokoro H, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi S. Photo-induced magnetization and first-principles calculations of a two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co–W bimetal assembly. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19249-19256. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First-principles calculations show the optical transition from WIV to CoIII, which causes photo-induced magnetization of a Co–W bimetal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - T. Nasu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - N. Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Y. Umeta
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - H. Tokoro
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - K. Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - S. Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
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17
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Matkovic SR, Collins SE, Bonivardi AL, Bañares MA, Briand LE. Molecular structure and thermal stability of the oxide-supported phosphotungstic Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8097-105. [PMID: 25729784 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04455j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present, for the first time in the literature, a systematic study of the molecular structure of the Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid H6P2W18O62·24H2O (HPA) dispersed on TiO2, SiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3. The heteropolyacid-based materials were synthesized through a conventional impregnation method (in aqueous and ethanol media) at a loading that corresponds to the theoretical "monolayer" coverage (dispersion limit loading). The combination of Raman and infrared studies demonstrates the presence of crystals of HPA (regardless of the nature of the medium used during the synthesis) suggesting that the dispersion limit loading was greatly exceeded. In situ temperature programmed spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the Raman shift of the distinctive W[double bond, length as m-dash]O Raman mode of the phosphotungstic Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid is sensitive to the local environment, that is, the amount of water molecules associated with the structure. Moreover, the aqueous based species associated with such structures are recognizable through infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana R Matkovic
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr Jorge J. Ronco, CINDECA-CCT La Plata-CONICET, Calle 47 No 257, La Plata, Buenos Aires B1900AJK, Argentina.
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18
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Heine N, Asmis KR. Cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded clusters relevant to atmospheric chemistry. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2014.979659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Kubus M, Ströbele M, Meyer HJ. Structure of a new chloroauric acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:897-899. [PMID: 25274524 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614018563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The new tetrachloroaurate ethanol hydrate HAuCl4·0.65C2H5OH·1.35H2O was prepared from chloroauric acid trihydrate in ethanol. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P \bar 1 (No. 2). The [AuCl4](-) units in the structure have approximately square-planar symmetry, forming chains parallel to the crystallographic b-axis direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kubus
- Section of Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Section of Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Jürgen Meyer
- Section of Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Douvris C, Michl J. Update 1 of:Chemistry of the Carba-closo-dodecaborate(−) Anion, CB11H12–. Chem Rev 2014; 113:PR179-233. [PMID: 23944158 DOI: 10.1021/cr400059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Douvris
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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21
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Maiorov VD, Kislina IS, Rykounov AA, Vener MV. The structure and vibrational features of proton disolvates in water-ethanol solutions of HCl: the combined spectroscopic and theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D. Maiorov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Irina S. Kislina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey A. Rykounov
- Snezhinsk Physics and Technology Institute; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI; Snezhinsk Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Vener
- Quantum Chemistry Department; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology; Moscow Russia
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Abstract
Recent research has taught us that most protonated species are decidedly not well represented by a simple proton addition. What is the actual nature of the hydrogen ion (the "proton") when H(+), HA, H2A(+), and so forth are written in formulas, chemical equations, and acid catalyzed reactions? In condensed media, H(+) must be solvated and is nearly always dicoordinate, as illustrated by isolable bisdiethyletherate salts having H(OEt2)2(+) cations and weakly coordinating anions. Even carbocations such as protonated alkenes have significant C-H···anion hydrogen bonding that gives the active protons two-coordinate character. Hydrogen bonding is everywhere, particularly when acids are involved. In contrast to the normal, asymmetric O-H···O hydrogen bonding found in water, ice, and proteins, short, strong, low-barrier (SSLB) H-bonding commonly appears when strong acids are present. Unusually low frequency IR νOHO bands are a good indicator of SSLB H-bonds, and curiously, bands associated with group vibrations near H(+) in low-barrier H-bonding often disappear from the IR spectrum. Writing H3O(+) (the Eigen ion), as often appears in textbooks, might seem more realistic than H(+) for an ionized acid in water. However, this, too, is an unrealistic description of H(aq)(+). The dihydrated H(+) in the H5O2(+) cation (the Zundel ion) gets somewhat closer but still fails to rationalize all the experimental and computational data on H(aq)(+). Researchers do not understand the broad swath of IR absorption from H(aq)(+), known as the "continuous broad absorption" (cba). Theory has not reproduced the cba, but it appears to be the signature of delocalized protons whose motion is faster than the IR time scale. What does this mean for reaction mechanisms involving H(aq)(+)? For the past decade, the carborane acid H(CHB11Cl11) has been the strongest known Brønsted acid. (It is now surpassed by the fluorinated analogue H(CHB11F11).) Carborane acids are strong enough to protonate alkanes at room temperature, giving H2 and carbocations. They protonate chloroalkanes to give dialkylchloronium ions, which decay to carbocations. By partially protonating an oxonium cation, they get as close to the fabled H4O(2+) ion as can be achieved outside of a computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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23
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Sigalov MV, Kalish N, Carmeli B, Pines D, Pines E. Probing Small Protonated Water Clusters in Acetonitrile Solutions by 1H NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In a previous publication by Kalish et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 115 (2011) 4063) the existence of well defined small protonated water clusters in acetonitrile has been established by IR spectroscopy. Here we report on a 1H NMR study of triflic acid, CF3SO3H, in acetonitrile-water solutions. Using NMR we are able to corroborate the general solvation scheme we have proposed for the hydrated proton in acetonitrile as a function of the molar ratio between the strong mineral acid and water, n = [H2O]/[acid]. According to this scheme, backed now by both IR absorption spectroscopy and NMR measurements, the very strong triflic acid completely dissociates in acetonitrile/water solutions to yield the aqueous proton and the triflate anion when n > 1. Furthermore, increasing n results in the proton solvated in increasingly larger water clusters formed within the acetonitrile solution.
Clearly distinguishable by NMR are the smallest protonated water clusters, the protonated water monomer, H3
+O, and the protonated water dimer, H5
+O2, which dominate the solution for n = 1,2,3. For larger n the NMR study indicates the gradual increase of the average protonated water cluster size as a function of n while the proton inner solvation core more closely retaining the characteristics of a deformed protonated water dimer, (H2O-H+⋯OH2)
s
than that of the protonated water monomer (H3
+O)
s
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Sigalov
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva 84125, Israel
| | - Noah Kalish
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva 84125, Israel
| | - Benny Carmeli
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva 84125, Israel
| | - Dina Pines
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva 84125, Israel
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24
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Dietrick SM, Iyengar SS. Constructing Periodic Phase Space Orbits from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Trajectories to Analyze Vibrational Spectra: Case Study of the Zundel (H5O2+) Cation. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:4876-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300695x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Dietrick
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S. Iyengar
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405, United States
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25
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Stoyanov ES, Gunbas G, Hafezi N, Mascal M, Stoyanova IV, Tham FS, Reed CA. The R3O+···H+ hydrogen bond: toward a tetracoordinate oxadionium(2+) ion. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:707-14. [PMID: 22133059 DOI: 10.1021/ja209942s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxatriquinanes are tricyclic oxonium ions which are known to possess remarkable solvolytic stability compared to simple alkyl oxonium salts. Their rigid, hemispherical structure presents an oxygen at the apex of three fused five-membered rings. While trivalent oxygen species like these have been well described in the literature, the ability of oxygen to enter into a fourth covalent bonding relationship has been visited in theory and suggested by the outcome of certain reactions conducted in superacidic media, but has never been established by the characterization of a stable, persistent R(3)OH(2+) or R(4)O(2+) ion. In this study, the nucleophilicity of the oxatriquinane oxygen was evaluated first by a series of protonation studies using the Brønsted superacid H(CHB(11)Cl(11)) both in the solid state and in liquid HCl solution. The interaction of the oxatriquinane oxygen with a bridging carbocation was also examined. A strong case could be made for the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between H(CHB(11)Cl(11)) and oxatriquinane using IR spectroscopy. Under the most forcing protonation conditions, the oxatriquinane ring is cleaved to give a bridged, dicationic, protonated tetrahydrofuran-carbenium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S Stoyanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
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26
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Olesen S, Guasco T, Roscioli J, Johnson M. Tuning the intermolecular proton bond in the H5 O2+ ‘Zundel ion’ scaffold. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Kalish NBM, Shandalov E, Kharlanov V, Pines D, Pines E. Apparent stoichiometry of water in proton hydration and proton dehydration reactions in CH3CN/H2O solutions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4063-75. [PMID: 21417385 DOI: 10.1021/jp110873t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gradual solvation of protons by water is observed in liquids by mixing strong mineral acids with various amounts of water in acetonitrile solutions, a process which promotes rapid dissociation of the acids in these solutions. The stoichiometry of the reaction XH(+) + n(H(2)O) = X + (H(2)O)(n)H(+) was studied for strong mineral acids (negatively charged X, X = ClO(4)¯, Cl¯, Br¯, I¯, CF(3)SO(3)¯) and for strong cationic acids (uncharged X, X = R*NH(2), H(2)O). We have found by direct quantitative analysis preference of n = 2 over n = 1 for both groups of proton transfer reactions at relatively low water concentrations in acetonitrile. At high water concentrations, we have found that larger water solvates must also be involved in the solvation of the proton while the spectral features already observed for n = 2, H(+)(H(2)O)(2), remain almost unchanged at large n values up to at least 10 M of water.
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28
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Gerardi HK, Gardenier GH, Viswanathan U, Auerbach SM, Johnson MA. Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy and theory of Ar-tagged, protonated Imidazole (Im) Im1–3H+·Ar clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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30
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Gao H, Lian K. Characterizations of proton conducting polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Grabowski SJ, Ugalde JM. High-level ab initio calculations on low barrier hydrogen bonds and proton bound homodimers. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Stoyanov ES, Stoyanova IV, Reed CA. The structure of the hydrogen ion (H(aq)+) in water. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:1484-5. [PMID: 20078058 DOI: 10.1021/ja9101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen ion in water, H(aq)(+), is a unique H(13)O(6)(+) entity that defines the boundary of positive-charge delocalization. Its central unit is neither a C(3v) H(3)O(+) Eigen-type ion nor a typical H(5)O(2)(+) Zundel-type ion. IR spectroscopy indicates that the H(13)O(6)(+) ion has an unexpectedly long central O...O separation (>>2.43 A), showing that in comparison with the gas and solid phases, the environment of liquid water is uniquely proficient in delocalizing positive charge. These results will change the description of H(aq)(+) in textbooks of chemistry, and a more extensive delocalization of positive charge may need to be incorporated into descriptions of mechanisms of aqueous proton transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S Stoyanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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33
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Stoyanov ES, Stoyanova IV, Tham FS, Reed CA. H(aq)+ structures in proton wires inside nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17540-1. [PMID: 19911820 DOI: 10.1021/ja907708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrated carborane acid H(CHB(11)I(11)).8H(2)O crystallizes in nanometer-diameter tubes of H(aq)(+) enclosed by walls of carborane anions. Three different types of H(aq)(+) clusters are found in these tubes: a symmetrical H(13)O(6)(+) ion with an unusually elongated Zundel-type H(5)O(2)(+) core, two hydrated H(7)O(3)(+) ions, and an unprecedented H(17)O(8)(+) ion having a nearly square core. All of the H(aq)(+) cations show unexpectedly longer O...O separations than in discrete H(aq)(+) ions, indicating greater delocalization of positive charge. The centrosymmetric H(aq)(+) ions are linked via short H bonds, forming a true one-dimensional proton wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S Stoyanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
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34
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Bankiewicz B, Wojtulewski S, Grabowski SJ. Intramolecular Double Proton Transfer from 2-Hydroxy-2-iminoacetic Acid to 2-Amino-2-oxoacetic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1419-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9022414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bankiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wojtulewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir J. Grabowski
- Ikerbasque Research Professor, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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35
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Tarakanova EG, Tsoi OY, Yukhnevich GV, Kislina IS, Maiorov VD, Librovich NB. The influence of the proton affinity of molecules that form proton disolvates on disolvate hydrogen bridge parameters. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793108050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Kislina IS, Librovich NB, Sysoeva SG. The influence of sodium trifluoroacetate on the acidity function of solutions of trifluoroacetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409070115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Gardenier GH, Johnson MA, McCoy AB. Spectroscopic Study of the Ion−Radical H-Bond in H4O2+. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4772-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811493s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark. A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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38
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Gardenier GH, Roscioli JR, Johnson MA. Intermolecular Proton Binding in the Presence of a Large Electric Dipole: Ar-Tagged Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of the CH3CN·H+·OH2 and CH3CN·D+·OD2 Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12022-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800948s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George H. Gardenier
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Joseph R. Roscioli
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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39
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General method for the high yield preparation of 2-(4-X-phenylene)amine-1,4-naphthoquinones (X=ferrocenyl, OMe, Me, I, Cl, and NO2) from 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and investigation of H+ and Mg2+ catalysts with DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Stoyanov ES, Stoyanova IV, Tham FS, Reed CA. The nature of the hydrated proton H(aq)+ in organic solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12128-38. [PMID: 18700768 DOI: 10.1021/ja803535s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nature of H(H2O)n(+) cations for n = 3-8 with weakly basic carborane counterions has been studied by IR spectroscopy in benzene and dichloroethane solution. Contrary to general expectation, neither Eigen-type H3O x 3 H2O(+) nor Zundel-type H5O2(+) x 4 H2O ions are present. Rather, the core species is the H7O3(+) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S Stoyanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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41
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Stoyanov E, Stoyanova I, Reed C. IR Spectroscopic Properties of H(MeOH)n+ Clusters in the Liquid Phase: Evidence for a Proton Wire. Chemistry 2008; 14:3596-604. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Kríz J, Dybal J, Makrlík E, Budka J. Cooperative interaction of H3O+ with 1,3-alternate tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene: NMR and theoretical study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:235-243. [PMID: 18236442 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of H3O+ or H5O2+ with 1,3-alternate tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene (1) was studied in nitrobenzene and dichloromethane using 1H and 13C NMR including transverse and rotating-frame relaxations and density functional level of theory (DFT) quantum calculations. According to NMR, the ion forms an equimolecular complex with 1 with the equilibrium constant K being 3.97 x 10(3) L.mol(-1) at 296 K. The ions are bound by strong hydrogen bonds to the phenoxy-oxygen atoms of one half of 1 and by a medium-strong hydrogen bond to the pi system of the aromatic rings of the other half. The complex appears to have C(4h) symmetry in NMR even when cooling its solution down to 213 K, which could be due either to a genuine symmetry of the complex (if the ion is H5O2+) or to fast structure averaging by ion exchange processes (if the ion is H3O+). Therefore, the dynamics of the system was studied. Using two independent NMR methods (transverse and rotating-frame relaxation), two different exchange processes were discerned with correlation times 25 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6) s, the first being clearly intermolecular and the other being apparently intramolecular. The energetic aspects of the possible exchange processes were examined by DFT quantum calculations. Rotation of H3O+ ion within one binding site with the energy barrier 8.13 kcal/mol is easily possible. Intermolecular exchange by freeing the ion from the complex has too high a barrier but cooperative interaction of the ion with additional water molecules makes it viable. The intramolecular exchange (or hopping) of the H3O+ ion between the two sites of the molecule is not viable in the classical manner, the barrier being 25.6 kcal/mol. Quantum tunneling of the ion is highly improbable, too. Alternative mechanisms including concerted two-ion intermolecular exchange and cooperative interaction with another bound water molecule including complexation with proton dihydrate H5O2+ are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Kríz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovského Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
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43
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Douberly GE, Ricks AM, Ticknor BW, McKee WC, Schleyer PVR, Duncan MA. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Protonated Acetylene and Its Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1897-906. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710808e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - A. M. Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - B. W. Ticknor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - W. C. McKee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - P. v. R. Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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44
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Ayotte P, Plessis S, Marchand P. Trapping proton transfer intermediates in the disordered hydrogen-bonded network of cryogenic hydrofluoric acid solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4785-92. [DOI: 10.1039/b806654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Asmis K, Yang Y, Santambrogio G, Brümmer M, Roscioli J, McCunn L, Johnson M, Kühn O. Gasphasen-Infrarotspektroskopie und mehrdimensionale quantenmechanische Rechnungen zum protonierten Ammoniakdimer N2H7+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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McCunn LR, Roscioli JR, Johnson MA, McCoy AB. An H/D Isotopic Substitution Study of the H5O2+·Ar Vibrational Predissociation Spectra: Exploring the Putative Role of Fermi Resonances in the Bridging Proton Fundamentals. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:321-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075289m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. McCunn
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Joseph R. Roscioli
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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47
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Asmis K, Yang Y, Santambrogio G, Brümmer M, Roscioli J, McCunn L, Johnson M, Kühn O. Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy and Multidimensional Quantum Calculations of the Protonated Ammonia Dimer N2H7+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8691-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Abstract
A proton shared between two closed-shell molecules, [A.H+.B], constitutes a ubiquitous soft binding motif in biological processes. The vibrational transitions associated with the shared proton, which provide a direct probe of this interaction, have been extensively studied in the condensed phase but have yielded only limited detailed information because of their diffuse character. We exploited recent advances in gas-phase ion spectroscopy to identify sharp spectral features that can be assigned to both the shared proton and the two tethered molecules in a survey of 18 cold, isolated [A.H+.B] ions. These data yield a picture of the intermolecular proton bond at a microscopic scale, facilitating analysis of its properties within the context of a floppy polyatomic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Roscioli
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, Post Office Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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