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Spittle S, Alfurayj I, Hansen BB, Glynn K, Brackett W, Pandian R, Burda C, Sangoro J. Enhanced Dynamics and Charge Transport at the Eutectic Point: A New Paradigm for the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems. JACS AU 2023; 3:3024-3030. [PMID: 38034979 PMCID: PMC10685424 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of versatile solvents with promise for a wide range of applications, from separation processes to electrochemical energy storage technologies. A fundamental understanding of the correlation among the structure, thermodynamics, and dynamics of these materials necessary for targeted rational design for specific applications is still nascent. Here, we employ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) to investigate the correlation among thermodynamics, dynamics, and charge transport in mixtures comprising a wide range of compositions of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Detailed analyses reveal that (i) the eutectic composition of this prototypical DES occurs in the 15-20 mol % ChCl in the EG range rather than the previously assumed 33 mol %, and (ii) both rotational dynamics and charge transport at the eutectic composition are enhanced in this composition range. These findings highlight the fundamental interplay between thermodynamics and dynamics in determining the properties of DESs that are relevant to many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Spittle
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ibrahim Alfurayj
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Benworth Bryce Hansen
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kaylie Glynn
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - William Brackett
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rathiesh Pandian
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Fales BS, Shu Y, Levine BG, Hohenstein EG. Complete active space configuration interaction from state-averaged configuration interaction singles natural orbitals: Analytic first derivatives and derivative coupling vectors. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:094104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Ruchira Silva W, Frontiera RR. Excited state structural evolution during charge-transfer reactions in betaine-30. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20290-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast photo-induced charge-transfer reactions are fundamental to a number of photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices, yet the multidimensional nature of the reaction coordinate makes these processes difficult to model theoretically.
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Landry BR, Subotnik JE. Quantifying the Lifetime of Triplet Energy Transfer Processes in Organic Chromophores: A Case Study of 4-(2-Naphthylmethyl)benzaldehyde. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4253-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Schwerdtfeger CA, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nonadiabatic dynamics of electron transfer in solution: Explicit and implicit solvent treatments that include multiple relaxation time scales. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:034113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4855295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Anna JM, Baiz CR, Ross MR, McCanne R, Kubarych KJ. Ultrafast equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemical reaction dynamics probed with multidimensional infrared spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.716610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reigh SY, Kim HJ. Direct Calculation Method for Excited-state Diffusion-influenced Reversible Reactions with an External Field. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.3.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lampe B, Koslowski T. Theory and simulation of organic solar cell model compounds: from atoms to excitons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16247-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ishida T, Rossky PJ. Consequences of Strong Coupling between Solvation and Electronic Structure in the Excited State of a Betaine Dye. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11353-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tateki Ishida
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Center for Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Peter J. Rossky
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Center for Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Zhu J, Cheng Y, Bai TC, Lu Y, Chang Z, Wei D, Stell G. Solvent dynamics effect in condensed-phase electron-transfer reactions. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3735-45. [PMID: 18307335 DOI: 10.1021/jp077637q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Channel-based reaction-diffusion equations are solved analytically for two electron transfer (ET) models, where the fast inner-sphere coordinate leads to an ET reaction treated by Fermi's golden rule, and the slow solvent coordinate moves via diffusion. The analytic solution has let us derive an ET rate constant that modifies the Marcus-Jortner formula by adding a constant alpha which we call a dynamic correction factor. The dynamic correction factor measures the effect of solvent friction. When the relaxation of solvent dynamics is fast, the dynamic correction can be neglected and the ET rate constant reduces to the traditional Marcus-Jortner formula. If the solvent dynamic relaxation is slow, the dynamic correction can be very large and the ET rate can be reduced by orders of magnitude. Using a generalized Zusman-Sumi-Marcus model as a starting point, we introduce two variants, GZSM-A and GZSM-B, where in model A, only one quantum mode is considered for inner-sphere motion and in model B, a classical mode for inner-sphere motion is added. By comparing the two models with experimental data, it is shown that model B is better than model A. For the solvents that have a relaxation time ranging between 0 and 5 ps, our result agrees fairly well with experimental data; for the solvents that have a relaxation time ranging between 5 and 40 ps, our result deviates from the experimental values. After introducing an adjustable scaling index in the effective time correlation function of the reaction coordinate, good agreement is achieved between the experiment and the theory for model B for all of the solvents studied in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Henna Normal University, Xinxian, People's Republic of China
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