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Phenylene-linked tetrapyrrole arrays containing free base and diverse metal chelate forms – Versatile synthetic architectures for catalysis and artificial photosynthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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β-Pyrrole functionalized porphyrins: Synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in sensing and DSSC. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Abstract
A growing theme in chemistry is the joining of multiple organic molecular building blocks to create functional molecules. Diverse derivatizable structures—here termed “scaffolds” comprised of “hubs”—provide the foundation for systematic covalent organization of a rich variety of building blocks. This review encompasses 30 tri- or tetra-armed molecular hubs (e.g., triazine, lysine, arenes, dyes) that are used directly or in combination to give linear, cyclic, or branched scaffolds. Each scaffold is categorized by graph theory into one of 31 trees to express the molecular connectivity and overall architecture. Rational chemistry with exacting numbers of derivatizable sites is emphasized. The incorporation of water-solubilization motifs, robust or self-immolative linkers, enzymatically cleavable groups and functional appendages affords immense (and often late-stage) diversification of the scaffolds. Altogether, 107 target molecules are reviewed along with 19 syntheses to illustrate the distinctive chemistries for creating and derivatizing scaffolds. The review covers the history of the field up through 2020, briefly touching on statistically derivatized carriers employed in immunology as counterpoints to the rationally assembled and derivatized scaffolds here, although most citations are from the past two decades. The scaffolds are used widely in fields ranging from pure chemistry to artificial photosynthesis and biomedical sciences.
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4
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Kesavan PE, Pandey V, Ishida M, Furuta H, Mori S, Gupta I. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Computational Studies of beta‐Substituted Porphyrin Dyads. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2015-2028. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praseetha E. Kesavan
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Campus Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Pandey
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Campus Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular SystemsKyushu University Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular SystemsKyushu University Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Integrated Centre for SciencesEhime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Iti Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Campus Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
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5
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Ke XS, Kim T, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Flattened Calixarene-like Cyclic BODIPY Array: A New Photosynthetic Antenna Model. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13950-13956. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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6
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High JS, Rego LGC, Jakubikova E. Quantum Dynamics Simulations of Excited State Energy Transfer in a Zinc–Free-Base Porphyrin Dyad. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8075-8084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judah S. High
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luis G. C. Rego
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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7
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Wang SP, Shen YF, Zhu BY, Wu J, Li S. Recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10205-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings, including new templating methods, novel structures, and their applications in host–guest chemistry and artificial light-harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Shen
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Ben-Yue Zhu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
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8
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Kose K, Motoyanagi J, Kusukawa T, Osuka A, Tsuda A. Formation of Discrete Ladders and a Macroporous Xerogel Film by the Zipperlike Dimerization of Meso-Meso-Linked Zinc(II) Porphyrin Arrays with Di(pyrid-3-yl)acetylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Kose K, Motoyanagi J, Kusukawa T, Osuka A, Tsuda A. Formation of Discrete Ladders and a Macroporous Xerogel Film by the Zipperlike Dimerization of Meso-Meso-Linked Zinc(II) Porphyrin Arrays with Di(pyrid-3-yl)acetylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8673-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Kaur T, Khan TK, Ravikanth M. Multi-Expanded Porphyrin Assemblies on Cyclophosphazene Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Zhu B, Chen H, Lin W, Ye Y, Wu J, Li S. Template-Directed Synthesis of Flexible Porphyrin Nanocage and Nanorings via One-Step Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15126-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
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12
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Kaur T, Rajeswararao M, Ravikanth M. Multiporphyrin Arrays on Cyclotriphosphazene Scaffolds. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11051-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | | | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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13
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Kozaki M, Suzuki S, Okada K. Dendritic Light-harvesting Antennas with Excitation Energy Gradients. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
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14
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Pareek Y, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and properties of covalently linked BF2–oxasmaragdyrin–porphyrin dyads and triad. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Panda MK, Ladomenou K, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins in bio-inspired transformations: Light-harvesting to solar cell. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Pareek Y, Ravikanth M. Multiporphyrin Arrays on Cyclophosphazene Scaffolds: Synthesis and Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:8835-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Otsuki J. Energy transfer in non-covalent porphyrin assemblies: through-space or through-bond? J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic antenna arrays found in nature funnel photoexcited energy into the reaction center. Attempts have been made to mimic the antenna function by using artificial chromophores, porphyrins in particular, not only to better understand the energy-transfer processes but also to create light-harvesting devices. This review covers non-covalent porphyrin assemblies, for which intra-ensemble energy-transfer processes were characterized. The essence of the mechanisms of energy transfer is summarized and specific examples are reviewed with an emphasis put on the rate and mechanism of singlet-singlet energy transfer. As these examples demonstrate, non-covalent intra-ensemble energy-transfer processes have been ascribed to the Förster-type through-space mechanism in almost all cases. The exception is porphyrin dyad and pentad from our group based on amidinium-carboxylate salt bridges. Through-bond superexchange mechanism is proposed to account for the fast excited energy-transfer processes for these unique assemblies. The importance of intermolecular interactions not only in terms of the structural aspects but also in terms of the electronic aspects is highlighted for the design of supramolecular systems in which efficient energy transfer is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Otsuki
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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18
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Liu Y, Lin H, Li J, Dy JT, Tamaki K, Nakazaki J, Nakayama D, Nishiyama C, Uchida S, Kubo T, Segawa H. Ethynyl-linked push–pull porphyrin hetero-dimers for near-IR dye-sensitized solar cells: photovoltaic performances versus excited-state dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16703-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Mulholland AR, Thordarson P, Mensforth EJ, Langford SJ. Porphyrin dyads linked by a rotatable 3,3′-biphenyl scaffold: a new binding motif for small ditopic molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6045-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Li K, Liu Y, Yan C, Fu L, Wei SC, Wang HP, Pan M, Su CY. Cocrystallization of coordinative and inorganic lanthanide centers showing dual emission via linked or unlinked antenna. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Uetomo A, Kozaki M, Suzuki S, Yamanaka KI, Ito O, Okada K. Efficient Light-Harvesting Antenna with a Multi-Porphyrin Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13276-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2050343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Uetomo
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamanaka
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Fullerene Group, NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- CarbonPhotoScience Laboratory, 2-1-6 Kita-Nakayama, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3215, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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22
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Kozaki M, Okada K. Construction and Functionalization of Dendrimers with Conjugated Backbones. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Grozema FC, Berlin YA, Siebbeles LDA, Ratner MA. Effect of Electrostatic Interactions and Dynamic Disorder on the Distance Dependence of Charge Transfer in Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14564-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1023422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands, and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Yuri A. Berlin
- Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands, and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands, and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands, and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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24
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Yamamura T, Suzuki S, Taguchi T, Onoda A, Kamachi T, Okura I. Porphyrin Arrays Responsive to Additives. Fluorescence Tuning. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11719-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809851d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
| | - Tomotaka Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
| | - Akira Onoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
| | - Toshiaki Kamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
| | - Ichiro Okura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi,
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Song HE, Taniguchi M, Speckbacher M, Yu L, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D. Excited-State Energy Flow in Phenylene-Linked Multiporphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8011-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-eun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Markus Speckbacher
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Lianhe Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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26
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Song HE, Taniguchi M, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D. Probing Ground-state Hole Transfer Between Equivalent, Electrochemically Inaccessible States in Multiporphyrin Arrays Using Time-resolved Optical Spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:693-704. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Mardis KL, Sutton HM, Zuo X, Lindsey JS, Tiede DM. Solution-state conformational ensemble of a hexameric porphyrin array characterized using molecular dynamics and X-ray scattering. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2516-23. [PMID: 19243123 PMCID: PMC4965877 DOI: 10.1021/jp808318x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solution-phase X-ray scattering measurements in combination with coordinate-based modeling have been used to characterize the conformational ensemble of a hexameric, diphenylethyne-linked porphyrin array in solution. Configurationally broadened X-ray scattering patterns measured at room temperature for dilute toluene solutions of the porphyrin array were compared to scattering patterns calculated from structural ensembles in constant pressure and temperature molecular dynamics simulations. Thermal fluctuations sampled at picosecond intervals within nanosecond time scale dynamic simulations show large-amplitude motions that include porphyrin ring "tipping" around the porphyrin linkage axes and extended hexameric porphyrin array "breathing" motions involving torsional distortions collectively distributed along porphyrin and diphenylethyne groups. Each type of group motion produced characteristic, angle-dependent dampening of scattering features that are needed to reproduce dampening features in the experimental X-ray scattering. However, mismatches in the magnitudes of experimental and simulated dampening of high-angle X-ray scattering patterns show that large-amplitude hexamer array breathing-type motions are significantly under-represented in the simulated ensembles. This comparison between experiment and simulation provides a means not only to interpret scattering data in terms of an explicit atomic model but more generally demonstrates the use of solution X-ray scattering as an experimental benchmark for the development of simulation methods that more accurately predict configurational dynamics of supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Mardis
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA.
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28
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Song HE, Kirmaier C, Diers JR, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Energy- and hole-transfer dynamics in oxidized porphyrin dyads. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:54-63. [PMID: 19067561 DOI: 10.1021/jp8060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms and dynamics of quenching of a photoexcited free base porphyrin (Fb*) covalently linked to a nearby oxidized zinc porphyrin (Zn(+)) have been investigated in a set of five dyads using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. The dyads include porphyrins joined at the meso-positions by a diphenylethyne linker or a diarylethyne linker with 2,6-dimethyl substitution on either one or both of the aryl rings. Another dyad is linked at the beta-pyrrole positions of the porphyrins via a diphenylethyne linker. The type of linker and attachment site modulate the interporphyrin through-bond electronic coupling via steric hindrance (porphyrin-linker orbital overlap) and attachment motif (porphyrin electron density at the connection site). For each ZnFb dyad, the zinc porphyrin is selectively electrochemically oxidized (to produce Zn(+)Fb), the free base porphyrin is selectively excited with a 130 fs flash (to produce Zn(+)Fb*), and the subsequent dynamics monitored. The Zn(+)Fb* excited state has a lifetime of approximately 3 to approximately 30 ps (depending on the linker steric hindrance and attachment site) and decays by parallel excited-state energy- and hole-transfer pathways. The relative yields of the two channels depend on a number of factors including the linker-mediated through-bond electronic coupling and a modest (< or =20%) Forster through-space contribution for the energy-transfer route. One product of Zn(+)Fb* decay is the metastable ground-state ZnFb(+), which decays to the Zn(+)Fb preflash state by ground-state hole transfer with a linker-dependent rate constant of (20 ps)(-1) to (150 ps)(-1). Collectively, these results provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism and dynamics of quenching of excited porphyrins by nearby oxidized sites, as well as the dynamics of ground-state hole transfer between nonequivalent porphyrins (Zn and Fb). The findings also lay the foundation for the study of ground-state hole transfer between identical porphyrins (e.g., Zn/Zn, Fb/Fb) in larger multiporphyrin arrays wherein a hole is selectively placed via electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-eun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
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Eng MP, Albinsson B. The dependence of the electronic coupling on energy gap and bridge conformation – Towards prediction of the distance dependence of electron transfer reactions. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Harriman A, Mallon L, Ziessel R. Energy Flow in a Purpose-Built Cascade Molecule Bearing Three Distinct Chromophores Attached to the Terminal Acceptor. Chemistry 2008; 14:11461-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Song HE, Kirmaier C, Taniguchi M, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D. Determination of Ground-State Hole-Transfer Rates Between Equivalent Sites in Oxidized Multiporphyrin Arrays Using Time-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15636-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805673m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-eun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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Rai S, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Covalently Linked Unsymmetrical Porphyrin Pentads Containing Three Different Porphyrin Subunits. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8364-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801455w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Liu S, Shukla A, Gadde S, Wagner B, Kaifer A, Isaacs L. Ternary Complexes Comprising Cucurbit[10]uril, Porphyrins, and Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu S, Shukla A, Gadde S, Wagner B, Kaifer A, Isaacs L. Ternary Complexes Comprising Cucurbit[10]uril, Porphyrins, and Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2657-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Eng M, Mårtensson J, Albinsson B. Temperature Dependence of Electronic Coupling through Oligo-p-phenyleneethynylene Bridges. Chemistry 2008; 14:2819-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmittel M, Mal P. Towards technomimetic spoked wheels: dynamic hexakis-heteroleptic coordination at a hexakis-terpyridine scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:960-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b718185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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