1
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Panuszko A, Szymczak M, Dłużewska J, Godlewska J, Kuffel A, Bruździak P. Effect of ectoine on hydration spheres of peptides-spectroscopic studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123590. [PMID: 37922848 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we use FTIR spectroscopy to characterize the hydration water of ectoine, its interactions with two peptides-diglycine and NAGMA, and the properties of water molecules in the hydration spheres of both peptides changed by the presence of the osmolyte. We found that the interaction of ectoine with the peptide hydration shells had no effect on its own hydration sphere. However, the enhanced hydration layer of the osmolyte influences the hydration shells of both peptides and does so in a different way for both peptides: (1) the interfacial interaction of the NAGMA peptide and ectoine hydration spheres strengthened the hydration shell of this peptide; (2) the inclusion of water molecules from the ectoine hydration sphere into the diglycine hydration sphere had only a marginally enhancing effect. Since ectoine is being used in more and more biopharmaceutical products and cosmetics, knowledge of the properties of its hydration shell and its effect on the hydration shell of other molecules is extremely relevant to understanding its protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Panuszko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Marek Szymczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Julia Dłużewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Julia Godlewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Anna Kuffel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Piotr Bruździak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
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2
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Oprzeska-Zingrebe EA, Smiatek J. Basket-type G-quadruplex with two tetrads in the presence of TMAO and urea: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
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4
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Jakaria SM, Budil DE, Murtagh J. Glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. AAPS OPEN 2022; 8:20. [PMCID: PMC9742044 DOI: 10.1186/s41120-022-00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antimicrobials are a class of naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycosylated products that have shown antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms by inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. In most cases, these drugs are prepared in dry powder (lyophilized) form due to chemical and physical instability in aqueous solution; however, from an economic and practical point of view, liquid formulations are preferred. Researchers have recently found ways to formulate some glycopeptide antibiotic therapeutic drugs in aqueous solution at refrigerated or room temperature. Chemical degradation can be significantly slowed by formulating them at a defined pH with specific buffers, avoiding oxygen reactive species, and minimizing solvent exposure. Sugars, amino acids, polyols, and surfactants can reduce physical degradation by restricting glycopeptide mobility and reducing solvent interaction. This review focuses on recent studies on glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. It is organized into three sections: (i) glycopeptide antibiotic instability due to chemical and physical degradation, (ii) strategies to improve glycopeptide antibiotic stability in aqueous solution, and (iii) a survey of glycopeptide antibiotic drugs currently available in the market and their stability based on published literature and patents. Antimicrobial resistance deaths are expected to increase by 2050, making heat-stable glycopeptides in aqueous solution an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens. In conclusion, it should be possible to formulate heat stable glycopeptide drugs in aqueous solution by understanding the degradation mechanisms of this class of therapeutic drugs in greater detail, making them easily accessible to developing countries with a lack of cold chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar M. Jakaria
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Bedford, OH 44146 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
| | - David E. Budil
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
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5
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Keller F, Heuer A, Galla HJ, Smiatek J. Stabilization of DPPC lipid bilayers in the presence of co-solutes: molecular mechanisms and interaction patterns. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22936-22946. [PMID: 34622252 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We study the interactions between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers in the gel and the fluid phase with ectoine, amino ectoine and water molecules by means of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and conceptual density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results reveal a pronounced preferential exclusion of both co-solutes from the DPPC lipid bilayer which is stronger for the fluid phase. The corresponding outcomes can be brought into relation with the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions in order to provide a thermodynamic rationale for the experimentally observed stabilization of the gel phase. Closely related to preferential exclusion of both co-solutes, our simulations also highlight a preferential hydration behavior as manifested by an increased number of hydrogen bonds between water and DPPC molecules. All results are rationalized by conceptual DFT calculations with regard to differences in the electronic properties between ectoine and amino ectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Keller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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6
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Wittmar J, Ohle C, Kunte J, Brand I. Effect of Ectoine on the Conformation and Hybridization of dsDNA in Monolayer Films: A Spectroelectrochemical Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wittmar
- Department of Chemistry University of Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Corina Ohle
- Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung BAM 12205 Berlin Germany
- Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (DAkkS) Spittelmarkt 10 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Jörg Kunte
- Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung BAM 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Izabella Brand
- Department of Chemistry University of Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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7
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Ploetz EA, Karunaweera S, Bentenitis N, Chen F, Dai S, Gee MB, Jiao Y, Kang M, Kariyawasam NL, Naleem N, Weerasinghe S, Smith PE. Kirkwood-Buff-Derived Force Field for Peptides and Proteins: Philosophy and Development of KBFF20. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2964-2990. [PMID: 33878263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new classical nonpolarizable force field, KBFF20, for the simulation of peptides and proteins is presented. The force field relies heavily on the use of Kirkwood-Buff theory to provide a comparison of simulated and experimental Kirkwood-Buff integrals for solutes containing the functional groups common in proteins, thus ensuring intermolecular interactions that provide a good balance between the peptide-peptide, peptide-solvent, and solvent-solvent distributions observed in solution mixtures. In this way, it differs significantly from other biomolecular force fields. Further development and testing of the intermolecular potentials are presented here. Subsequently, rotational potentials for the ϕ/ψ and χ dihedral degrees of freedom are obtained by analysis of the Protein Data Bank, followed by small modifications to provide a reasonable balance between simulated and observed α and β percentages for small peptides. This, the first of two articles, describes in detail the philosophy and development behind KBFF20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ploetz
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sadish Karunaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bentenitis
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Moon B Gee
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Yuanfang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Myungshim Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Nilusha L Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Nawavi Naleem
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Paul E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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8
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Oprzeska-Zingrebe EA, Smiatek J. Interactions of a DNA G-quadruplex with TMAO and urea: a molecular dynamics study on co-solute compensation mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1254-1264. [PMID: 33355575 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the individual and combined influence of TMAO and urea on a basket-type DNA G-quadruplex by means of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In combination with the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions, we propose a simple mechanism to elucidate the impact of TMAO and urea on the G-quadruplex. Our results reveal the importance of the molecular accumulation around the DNA in terms of stabilizing or destabilizing effects. The results for mixtures show only a weak interaction between both co-solutes, which highlights the additivity of contributions. Despite the fact, that TMAO can to some extent compensate the adverse impact of urea on the G-quadruplex structure, the destabilizing influence is not completely eliminated. This observation opens the door for further research on selective stabilization of DNA G-quadruplexes by modulating the concentrations of TMAO and urea in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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9
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10
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Abstract
Exposure of protein modified surfaces to air may be necessary in several applications. For example, air contact may be inevitable during the implantation of biomedical devices, for analysis of protein modified surfaces, or for sensor applications. Protein coatings are very sensitive to dehydration and can undergo significant and irreversible alterations of their conformations upon exposure to air. With the use of two compatible solutes from extremophilic bacteria, ectoine and hydroxyectoine, the authors were able to preserve the activity of dried protein monolayers for up to >24 h. The protective effect can be explained by the preferred exclusion model; i.e., the solutes trap a thin water layer around the protein, retaining an aqueous environment and preventing unfolding of the protein. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on compact TiO2 was used as a model system. Structural differences between the compatible solute stabilized and unstabilized protein films, and between different solutes, were analyzed by static time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The biological activity difference observed in a colorimetric activity assay was correlated to changes in protein conformation by application of principal component analysis to the static ToF-SIMS data. Additionally, rehydration of the denatured HRP was observed in ToF-SIMS with an exposure of denatured protein coatings to ectoine and hydroxyectoine solutions.
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11
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Behazin R, Ebrahimi A. The physicochemical properties and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ectoine and its analogues: A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Oprzeska-Zingrebe EA, Meyer S, Roloff A, Kunte HJ, Smiatek J. Influence of compatible solute ectoine on distinct DNA structures: thermodynamic insights into molecular binding mechanisms and destabilization effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25861-25874. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study ectoine-induced destabilization effects on DNA hairpins by a combination of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, experiments, and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susann Meyer
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- D-12205 Berlin
- Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology
- University of Potsdam
| | - Alexander Roloff
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Kunte
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- D-12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics
- University of Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (HI MS IEK-12)
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13
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14
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Bownik A, Stępniewska Z. Ectoine as a promising protective agent in humans and animals. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:260-265. [PMID: 28033102 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental conditions. This amino acid derivative can accumulate inside cells at high concentrations without interfering with natural processes and can protect the cell against radiation or osmotic stress. This brief review presents the current state of knowledge about the effects of ectoine on animals and focuses on its practical use for enzyme stabilisation, human skin protection, anti-inflammatory treatment, inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and other therapeutic potential in human or veterinary medicine.
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15
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Feig M, Yu I, Wang PH, Nawrocki G, Sugita Y. Crowding in Cellular Environments at an Atomistic Level from Computer Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8009-8025. [PMID: 28666087 PMCID: PMC5582368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
effects of crowding in biological environments on biomolecular
structure, dynamics, and function remain not well understood. Computer
simulations of atomistic models of concentrated peptide and protein
systems at different levels of complexity are beginning to provide
new insights. Crowding, weak interactions with other macromolecules
and metabolites, and altered solvent properties within cellular environments
appear to remodel the energy landscape of peptides and proteins in
significant ways including the possibility of native state destabilization.
Crowding is also seen to affect dynamic properties, both conformational
dynamics and diffusional properties of macromolecules. Recent simulations
that address these questions are reviewed here and discussed in the
context of relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Feig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan, United States.,Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN , Kobe, Japan
| | - Isseki Yu
- Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN , Wako, Japan.,iTHES Research Group, RIKEN , Wako, Japan
| | - Po-Hung Wang
- Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN , Wako, Japan
| | - Grzegorz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Yuji Sugita
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN , Kobe, Japan.,Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN , Wako, Japan.,iTHES Research Group, RIKEN , Wako, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN , Kobe, Japan
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16
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Eiberweiser A, Nazet A, Kruchinin SE, Fedotova MV, Buchner R. Hydration and Ion Binding of the Osmolyte Ectoine. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15203-11. [PMID: 26565946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ectoine is a widespread osmolyte enabling halophilic bacteria to withstand high osmotic stress that has many potential applications ranging from cosmetics to its use as a therapeutic agent. In this contribution, combining experiment and theory, the hydration and ion-binding of this zwitterionic compound was studied to gain information on the functioning of ectoine in particular and of osmolytes in general. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was used to determine the effective hydration number of ectoine and its effective dipole moment in aqueous solutions with and without added NaCl. The obtained experimental data were compared with structural results from 1D-RISM and 3D-RISM calculations. It was found that ectoine is strongly hydrated, even in the presence of high salt concentrations. Upon addition of NaCl, ions are bound to ectoine but the formed complexes are not very stable. Interestingly, this osmolyte strongly rises the static relative permittivity of its solutions, shielding thus effectively long-range Coulomb interactions among ions in ectoine-containing solutions. We believe that via this effect, which should be common to all zwitterionic osmolytes, ectoine protects against excessive ions within the cell in addition to its strong osmotic activity protecting against ions outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eiberweiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Nazet
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey E Kruchinin
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademicheskaya st. 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Marina V Fedotova
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademicheskaya st. 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Richard Buchner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Abdel-Aziz H, Wadie W, Scherner O, Efferth T, Khayyal MT. Bacteria-Derived Compatible Solutes Ectoine and 5α-Hydroxyectoine Act as Intestinal Barrier Stabilizers to Ameliorate Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1309-1315. [PMID: 26020571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that the compatible solute ectoine (1) given prophylactically before induction of colitis by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats prevented histological changes induced in the colon and the associated rise in inflammatory mediators. This study was therefore conducted to investigate whether ectoine (1) and its 5α-hydroxy derivative (2) would also be effective in treating an already established condition. Two days after inducing colitis in rats by instilling TNBS/alcohol in the colon, animals were treated orally once daily for 1 week with either 1 or 2 (50, 100, 300 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration rats were sacrificed. Ulcerative lesions and colon mass indices were reduced by 1 and 2 in a bell-shaped manner. Best results were obtained with 100 mg/kg ectoine (1) and 50 mg/kg 5α-hydroxyectoine (2). The solutes normalized the rise in myeloperoxidase, TNFα, and IL-1β induced by TNBS but did not affect levels of reduced glutathione or ICAM-1, while reducing the level of fecal calprotectin, an established marker for inflammatory bowel disease. The findings indicate that the naturally occurring compatible solutes ectoine (1) and 5α-hydroxyectoine (2) possess an optimum concentration that affords maximal intestinal barrier stabilization and could therefore prove useful for better management of human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdel-Aziz
- †Scientific Department, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Havelstraße 5, Darmstadt, Germany
- ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walaa Wadie
- ‡Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olaf Scherner
- §Research and Development, Bitop AG, Stockumer Straße 28, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed T Khayyal
- ‡Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Arthur EJ, King JT, Kubarych KJ, Brooks CL. Heterogeneous preferential solvation of water and trifluoroethanol in homologous lysozymes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8118-27. [PMID: 24823618 PMCID: PMC4216199 DOI: 10.1021/jp501132z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
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Cytoplasmic
osmolytes can significantly alter the thermodynamic
and kinetic properties of proteins relative to those under dilute
solution conditions. Spectroscopic experiments of lysozymes in cosolvents
indicate that such changes may arise from the heterogeneous, site-specific
hydrophobic interactions between protein surface residues and individual
solvent molecules. In pursuit of an accurate and predictive model
for explaining biomolecular interactions, we study the averaged structural
characteristics of mixed solvents with homologous lysozyme solutes
using all-atom molecular dynamics. By observing the time-averaged
densities of different aqueous solutions of trifluoroethanol, we deduce
trends in the heterogeneous solvent interactions over each protein’s
surface, and investigate how the homology of protein structure does
not necessarily translate to similarities in solvent structure and
composition—even when observing identical side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Arthur
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biophysics Program, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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19
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Noninterventional open-label trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ectoine containing nasal spray in comparison with beclomethasone nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy (Cairo) 2014; 2014:297203. [PMID: 24976831 PMCID: PMC4058123 DOI: 10.1155/2014/297203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The current study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a classical anti-inflammatory beclomethasone nasal spray in comparison to a physic-chemical stabilizing ectoine containing nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Design and Methods. This was a noninterventional, open-label, observational trial investigating the effects of beclomethasone or ectoine nasal spray on nasal symptoms and quality of life. Over a period of 14 days, patients were asked to daily document their symptoms. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed by both physicians and patients. Results. Both treatments resulted in a significant decrease of TNSS values. An equivalence test could not confirm the noninferiority of ectoine treatment in comparison with beclomethasone treatment. Although clear symptom reduction was achieved with the ectoine products, the efficacy judgment showed possible advantages for the beclomethasone group. Importantly, tolerability results were comparably good in both groups, and a very low number of adverse events supported this observation. Both treatments resulted in a clear improvement in the quality of life as assessed by a questionnaire answered at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Conclusion. Taken together, it was shown that allergic rhinitis can be safely and successfully treated with beclomethasone and also efficacy and safety were shown for ectoine nasal spray.
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Dwivedi M, Backers H, Harishchandra RK, Galla HJ. Biophysical investigations of the structure and function of the tear fluid lipid layer and the effect of ectoine. Part A: natural meibomian lipid films. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2708-15. [PMID: 24841755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tear fluid lipid layer is the outermost part of the tear film on the ocular surface which protects the eye from inflammations and injuries. We investigated the influence of ectoine on the structural organization of natural meibomian lipid films using surface activity analysis and topographical studies. These films exhibit a continuous pressure-area isotherm without any phase transition. With the addition of ectoine, the isotherm is expanded towards higher area per molecule values suggesting an increased area occupied by the interfacial lipid molecules. The AFM topology scans of natural meibomian lipid films reveal a presence of fiber-like structures. The addition of ectoine causes an appearance of droplet-like structures which are hypothesized to be tri-acyl-glycerols and other hydrophobic components excluded from the lipid film. Further the material properties of the droplet-like structure with respect to the surrounding were determined by using the quantitative imaging mode of the AFM technique. The droplet-like structures were found to be comparatively softer than the surrounding. Based on the observations a preliminary hypothesis is proposed explaining the mechanism of action of ectoine leading to the fluidization of meibomian lipid films. This suggests the possibility of ectoine as a treatment for the dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Dwivedi
- NRW International Graduate School of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Backers
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rakesh Kumar Harishchandra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Smiatek J. Osmolyte Effects: Impact on the Aqueous Solution around Charged and Neutral Spheres. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:771-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institut für
Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Smiatek J, Harishchandra RK, Galla HJ, Heuer A. Low concentrated hydroxyectoine solutions in presence of DPPC lipid bilayers: A computer simulation study. Biophys Chem 2013; 180-181:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Symptomatische Therapie der allergischen Rhinitis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung nicht-pharmakologischer Behandlungsformen. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-013-0351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Eichel A, Wittig J, Shah-Hosseini K, Mösges R. A prospective, controlled study of SNS01 (ectoine nasal spray) compared to BNO-101 (phytotherapeutic dragées) in patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:739-46. [PMID: 23621514 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.800474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this observational study, data on the efficacy, effects on quality of life and tolerability of the topical formulation SNS01 (Ectoin Rhinitis nasal spray) were compared to those of BNO-101 (Sinupret forte dragées) in patients with acute rhinosinusitis in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinical setting. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis were included in this non-interventional study with a treatment duration of 14-16 days. They received either a herbal phytotherapeutic dragée (control) or an ectoine-based nasal spray (investigational product), each to be taken according to the instructions for use (IFU) and summary of product characteristics (SPC). At each visit, the physician performed a nasal endoscopy, recorded the Sinusitis Symptom Score and checked for adverse events. During the entire treatment period, patients recorded the Sinusitis Symptom Score in patient diaries. In addition, patients receiving the nasal spray filled out a questionnaire to assess the tolerability of the treatment. To investigate effects on quality of life patients were asked to fill out the German version of a sinusitis-specific HRQL (health related quality of life) questionnaire. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01684540. RESULTS Patient diary entries, the assessment of the Sinusitis Symptom Score and the HRQL questionnaire demonstrated that the ectoine nasal spray was as effective as the phytotherapeutic dragées in treating acute rhinosinusitis. After two weeks of treatment, the assessments of both the patients' diaries and physicians' record forms indicated statistically significant improvement (p ≤ 0.001) in the symptom scores of the two groups (57.8% improvement for ectoine and 49.3% improvement for the phytotherapeutic dragées compared to baseline). Also, overall scores of 80 in the sensory questionnaire confirmed the good tolerability of the nasal spray. Correspondingly, HRQL improved significantly over the course of the treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION SNS01 and BNO-101 demonstrated comparable effects in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. LIMITATIONS Following German regulations, this trial was set up as an observational 'non-interventional' study, which does not allow for a placebo group or randomization of patients. Although the grade of evidence delivered by the study data is thus reduced from Ib to IIa, it does, however, reflect a realistic view of the most common clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Eichel
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Abdel-Aziz H, Wadie W, Abdallah DM, Lentzen G, Khayyal MT. Novel effects of ectoine, a bacteria-derived natural tetrahydropyrimidine, in experimental colitis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:585-591. [PMID: 23453305 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests an important role of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore stabilizing mucosal barrier function constitutes a new therapeutic approach in its management. Ectoine is a compatible solute produced by aerobic chemoheterotrophic and halophilic/halotolerant bacteria, where it acts as osmoprotectant and effective biomembrane stabilizer, protecting the producing cells from extreme environmental stress. Since this natural compound was also shown to prevent inflammatory responses associated with IBD, its potential usefulness was studied in a model of colitis. Groups of rats were treated orally with different doses of ectoine (30-300 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (reference drug) daily for 11 days. On day 8 colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, when overt signs of lesions develop within the next 3 days. On day 12, blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus of the rats and the animals were sacrificed. The colon was excised and examined macroscopically and microscopically. Relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured in serum and colon homogenates. Induction of colitis led to marked weight loss, significant histopathological changes of the colon, and variable changes in levels of myeloperoxidase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, and all inflammatory markers tested. Treatment with ectoine ameliorated the inflammatory changes in TNBS-induced colitis. This effect was associated with reduction in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, PGE2 and LTB4. The findings suggest that intestinal barrier stabilizers from natural sources could offer new therapeutic measures for the management of IBD.
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Yu I, Nakada K, Nagaoka M. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the transfer free energy of apomyoglobin into the molecular crowding condition with trimethylamine N-oxide: a study with three types of the Kirkwood-Buff integral. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4080-8. [PMID: 22372820 DOI: 10.1021/jp300380p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transfer free energy (TFE) of apomyoglobin (AMb) from pure water into aqueous solution with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was investigated by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with the Kirkwood-Buff (KB) integral method. The simulated TFE and the preferential interaction parameter correlated favorably with experimental values. In addition, the time-resolved KB integral revealed that a significant fluctuation in the TFE arose from the alteration in TMAO solvation around AMb. Furthermore, spatial decomposition of the KB integrals revealed how the local elements of the TFE are spatially distributed around AMb. These results revealed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the protein TFE into the molecular crowding condition with TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isseki Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Smiatek J, Harishchandra RK, Rubner O, Galla HJ, Heuer A. Properties of compatible solutes in aqueous solution. Biophys Chem 2011; 160:62-8. [PMID: 22014723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have performed Molecular Dynamics simulations of ectoine, hydroxyectoine and urea in explicit solvent. Special attention has been spent on the local surrounding structure of water molecules. Our results indicate that ectoine and hydroxyectoine are able to accumulate more water molecules than urea by a pronounced ordering due to hydrogen bonds. We have validated that the charging of the molecules is of main importance resulting in a well defined hydration sphere. The influence of a varying salt concentration is also investigated. Finally we present experimental results of a DPPC monolayer phase transition that validate our numerical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Harishchandra RK, Sachan AK, Kerth A, Lentzen G, Neuhaus T, Galla HJ. Compatible solutes: ectoine and hydroxyectoine improve functional nanostructures in artificial lung surfactants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2830-40. [PMID: 21889490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ectoine and hydroxyectoine belong to the family of compatible solutes and are among the most abundant osmolytes in nature. These compatible solutes protect biomolecules from extreme conditions and maintain their native function. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ectoine and hydroxyectoine on the domain structures of artificial lung surfactant films consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and the lung surfactant specific surfactant protein C (SP-C) in a molar ratio of 80:20:0.4. The pressure-area isotherms are found to be almost unchanged by both compatible solutes. The topology of the fluid domains shown by scanning force microscopy, which is thought to be responsible for the biophysical behavior under compression, however, is modified giving rise to the assumption that ectoine and hydroxyectoine are favorable for a proper lung surfactant function. This is further evidenced by the analysis of the insertion kinetics of lipid vesicles into the lipid-peptide monolayer, which is clearly enhanced in the presence of both compatible solutes. Thus, we could show that ectoine and hydroxyectoine enhance the function of lung surfactant in a simple model system, which might provide an additional rationale to inhalative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Harishchandra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm Klemm Str. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Yu I, Tasaki T, Nakada K, Nagaoka M. Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on Dynamics and Spatial Distribution of Protein Partial Molar Volume: Time-Resolved Surficial Kirkwood-Buff Approach. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12392-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1043267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isseki Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakada
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
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Ectoines in cell stress protection: uses and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:782-801. [PMID: 20600783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce and accumulate compatible solutes aiming at protecting themselves from environmental stresses. Among them, the wide spread in nature ectoines are receiving increasing attention by the scientific community because of their multiple applications. In fact, increasing commercial demand has led to a multiplication of efforts in order to improve processes for their production. In this review, the importance of current and potential applications of ectoines as protecting agents for macromolecules, cells and tissues, together with their potential as therapeutic agents for certain diseases are analyzed and current theories for the understanding of the molecular basis of their biological activity are discussed. The genetic, biochemical and environmental determinants of ectoines biosynthesis by natural and engineered producers are described. The major limitations of current bioprocesses used for ectoines production are discussed, with emphasis on the different microorganisms, environments, molecular engineering and fermentation strategies used to optimize the production and recovery of ectoines. The combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering strategies, allowing a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process is also stated. Finally, this review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in ectoines uses and applications and industrial scale production using bacteria, emphasizing the importance of reactor design and operation strategies, together with the metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feedback between wet and in silico work to optimize bioproduction.
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Harishchandra RK, Wulff S, Lentzen G, Neuhaus T, Galla HJ. The effect of compatible solute ectoines on the structural organization of lipid monolayer and bilayer membranes. Biophys Chem 2010; 150:37-46. [PMID: 20206435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compatible solutes are small organic osmolytes responsible for osmotic balance and at the same time compatible with the cellular metabolism. Here, we have investigated the effect of the compatible solutes, ectoine and hydroxyectoine, on the fluid-rigid domain structure of lipid monolayer and bilayer membranes. Mainly saturated dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine membranes exhibiting a clear le/lc phase transition were used. Fluorescence microscopy showed that ectoines added to the aqueous subphase expand and fluidize the lipid monolayers especially at surface pressures below 30mN/m. The domain structure at the le/lc phase transition is sensitively modified leading to smaller but more numerous domains in the presence of ectoines. Hydroxyectoine was more efficient than ectoine. These results are explained by the replacement theory assuming that the ectoines are likely to be expelled from the membrane surface thus favoring the hydration of the lipid membrane. This effect reduces the line tension, which is the interfacial energy at the domain edges leading to reduced domain sizes and increased number of rigid domains. Isotherms of negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol membranes show a similar expansion, while unsaturated lipids are less affected. Mixed phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylglycerol membranes exhibit the same effect on the line tension increasing the tendency for a phase separation. This could be shown also in bilayer vesicles, where the compatible solutes have only a minor effect on the lipid main phase transition in pure DPPC membranes but reduce the extent of the pretransition. In mixed DPPC/DPPG bilayer membranes ectoines cause a phase separation leading to the enrichment of expanded DPPC domains. In conclusion, our study gives for the first time evidence that ectoines have an effect on lipid membranes increasing the hydration of the surface and thus increasing the mobility of the lipid head groups and fluidizing the lipid layer accordingly. This increased fluidity may be of advantage for cell membranes to withstand extreme conditions like temperature or osmotic pressure and might also accelerate cellular repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Harishchandra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Wilhelm Klemm Strasse 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Yu I, Takayanagi M, Nagaoka M. Intrinsic Alterations in the Partial Molar Volume on the Protein Denaturation: Surficial Kirkwood−Buff Approach. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3543-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isseki Yu
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Kurz M. Compatible solute influence on nucleic acids: many questions but few answers. SALINE SYSTEMS 2008; 4:6. [PMID: 18522725 PMCID: PMC2430576 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1448-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compatible solutes are small organic osmolytes including but not limited to sugars, polyols, amino acids, and their derivatives. They are compatible with cell metabolism even at molar concentrations. A variety of organisms synthesize or take up compatible solutes for adaptation to extreme environments. In addition to their protective action on whole cells, compatible solutes display significant effects on biomolecules in vitro. These include stabilization of native protein and nucleic acid structures. They are used as additives in polymerase chain reactions to increase product yield and specificity, but also in other nucleic acid and protein applications. Interactions of compatible solutes with nucleic acids and protein-nucleic acid complexes are much less understood than the corresponding interactions of compatible solutes with proteins. Although we may begin to understand solute/nucleic acid interactions there are only few answers to the many questions we have. I summarize here the current state of knowledge and discuss possible molecular mechanisms and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kurz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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