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Borovkov VI, Bagryansky VA, Molin YN. A spin statistical factor in electron transfer to oxygen molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5397-5405. [PMID: 36723236 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen molecule in its ground triplet state (3O2) is a strong electron acceptor. Electron transfer to 3O2 to form a superoxide anion is an important elementary step in many chemical and biological processes. If this transfer occurs from a spin 1/2 paramagnetic particle where the total spin of the reactants is equal to 3/2, the reaction is spin-forbidden. In liquids, the significant dipole-dipole electron spin interaction in 3O2 is supposed to mix the non-reactive quartet and reactive doublet states at a time scale of ∼10 ps, thus avoiding the barrier. To elucidate the role of spin effects in the electron transfer to 3O2, we studied this reaction over a range of more than three orders of magnitude of the relative diffusion coefficient (D) of the reactants. It was found that spin effects during electron transfer to 3O2 become insignificant when D < 10-9 m2 s-1. In the range of intermediate D values (10-9 m2 s-1 < D < 10-8 m2 s-1) - which corresponds to some reactions of oxygen with small radicals in aqueous solutions - the effective spin factor decreases with increasing D value. If D > 10-8 m2 s-1, the electron transfer is spin-selective with the spin factor of 1/3 as determined by the spin statistics. At such D values, the reaction encounter time may exceed the expected quartet-doublet mixing time by almost an order of magnitude. The reduced rate of quartet-doublet transitions within the encounter complex in the reaction with 3O2 has been explained by the spin-exchange interaction and chemical Zeno effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod I Borovkov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Institutskaya, 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victor A Bagryansky
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Institutskaya, 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri N Molin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Institutskaya, 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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2
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Huerta-Aguilar C, Diaz-Puerto ZJ, Tecuapa-Flores ED, Thangarasu P. Crystal Plane Impact of ZnFe 2O 4-Ag Nanoparticles Influencing Photocatalytical and Antibacterial Properties: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33985-34001. [PMID: 36188324 PMCID: PMC9520734 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the crystal interphase impact of ZnFe2O4-Ag in the photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Prepared ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited with Ag NPs to offer ZnFe2O4-Ag (0-2.5%). An X-ray diffraction peak corresponding to the Ag NPs was detected if the particle content reached about 2.0%, observing multiple crystalline interphases in HR-TEM. Magnetic saturation (Ms) was increased ∼160% times for ZnFe2O4-Ag (7.25 to 18.71 emu/g) and ZnFe2O4 (9.62 to 25.09 emu/g) if the temperature is lowered from 298 to 5.0 K; while for Fe3O4 (91.09 to 96.19 emu/g), the Ms increment was just about 5.6%. After analyzing the DFT-Density of State, a decrease of bandgap energy for ZnFe2O4-Ag6 from the influence of the size of Ag cluster was seen. Quantum yield (Φ) was 0.60 for ZnFe2O4, 0.25 for ZnFe2O4-Ag (1.0%), 0.70 for ZnFe2O4-Ag (1.5%), 0.66 for ZnFe2O4-Ag (2.0%), and 0.66 for ZnFe2O4-Ag (2.5%), showing that the disposition of Ag NPs (1.5-2.5%) increases the Φ to >0.60. The samples were used to photo-oxidize RhB under visible light assisted by photopowered Langmuir adsorption. The degradation follows first-order kinetics (k = 5.5 × 10-3 min-1), resulting in a greater k = 2.0 × 10-3 min-1 for ZnFe2O4-Ag than for ZnFe2O4 (or Fe3O4, k = 1.1 × 10-3 min-1). DFT-total energy was used to analyze the intermediates formed from the RhB oxidation. Finally, the ZnFe2O4-Ag exhibits good antibacterial behavior because of the presence of Zn and the Ag components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
Alberto Huerta-Aguilar
- Instituto
Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Puebla,
School of Engineering and Sciences, Atlixcáyotl 5718, San Andres Cholula, PueblaMéxico, MX 72800
| | - Zarick Juliana Diaz-Puerto
- Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química,
Ciudad Universitaria, México
City, Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico, MX 04510
| | - Eduardo Daniel Tecuapa-Flores
- Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química,
Ciudad Universitaria, México
City, Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico, MX 04510
| | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química,
Ciudad Universitaria, México
City, Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico, MX 04510
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3
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Cong Y, Shen L, Wang B, Cao J, Pan Z, Wang Z, Wang K, Li Q, Li X. Efficient removal of Cr(VI) at alkaline pHs by sulfite/iodide/UV: Mechanism and modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118919. [PMID: 35933816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) under alkaline conditions is still a challenge due to the relatively low reactivity of CrO42-. This study proposed a new sulfite/iodide/UV process to remove Cr(VI). The removal of Cr(VI) followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics at alkaline pHs, and was enhanced by sulfite and iodide with synergy. Compared with sulfite/UV, iodide in sulfite/iodide/UV showed about 40 times higher concentration-normalized enhancement for Cr(VI) removal, and reduced the requirement of sulfite ([S(IV)]0/[Cr(VI)]0 of about 2.1:1) by more than 90%. The Cr(VI) removal was accelerated by decreasing pH and by increasing temperature, and was slightly influenced by dissolved oxygen, carbonate, and humic acid. The process was still effective in real surface water and industrial wastewater. Mechanism and pathways of Cr(VI) removal were revealed by quenching experiments, competition kinetic analysis, product identification and quantification, and mass and electron balance. Both eaq- and SO3•- were responsible for Cr(VI) removal, making contributions of about 75% and 25%, respectively. When eaq- mainly reacted with Cr(VI), SO3•- participated in reduction of Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates, with Cr(III), S2O62-, and SO42- as the final products. A model was developed to predict removal kinetics of Cr(VI), and well interpreted the roles of S(IV) and iodide in the process. This study sheds light on mechanism of Cr(VI) removal at alkaline pHs by kinetic modeling, and thus advances the applicability of this promising process for water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lidong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baimei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianlai Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zixuan Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiangbiao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Bagryansky VA, Melnikov AR, Molin YN, Borovkov VI. The role of Heisenberg spin exchange and the quantum Zeno effect in the spin-selective reaction between spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064306. [PMID: 35963733 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of spin-selective reactions involving triplet molecules, such as triplet-triplet annihilation or electron transfer to dioxygen molecules in the ground triplet spin state, are strongly dependent on the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) of electron spins in spin-1 particles. The effect of this interaction on the intersystem crossing in the reaction encounter complex of the paramagnetic particles was previously considered for some particular cases using oversimplified approaches. In this study, we consider a rigorous kinetic model of the irreversible reaction between the spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles in an encounter complex with the reactive doublet state. This model explicitly includes both isotropic exchange coupling of the reactants and spin dependence of the reaction rate in the form of the Haberkorn reaction term. For the time-independent DDI, an analytical expression for the reaction kinetics was derived. The effect of DDI fluctuations was analyzed using numerical simulations. It was found that increasing both the exchange coupling and the reaction rate constants can significantly slow down the quartet-doublet spin transitions and, as a consequence, the observed spin-selective reaction rate. Additionally, the presence of the irreversible reaction in the doublet states affects a coherent evolution in the non-reactive quartet subsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Bagryansky
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly R Melnikov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuri N Molin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vsevolod I Borovkov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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5
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Seeing the solvated electron in action: First-principles molecular dynamics of NO3− and N2O reduction. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Rabani J, Mamane H, Pousty D, Bolton JR. Practical Chemical Actinometry-A Review. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:873-902. [PMID: 34124787 DOI: 10.1111/php.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Actinometers are physical or chemical systems that can be employed to determine photon fluxes. Chemical actinometers are photochemical systems with known quantum yields that can be employed to determine accurate photon fluxes for specific photochemical reactions. This review explores in detail several practical chemical actinometers (ferrioxalate, iodide-iodate, uranyl oxalate, nitrate, uridine, hydrogen peroxide and several actinometers for the vacuum ultraviolet). Each actinometer is described with recommended conditions for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rabani
- The Accelerator Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Pousty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Troian-Gautier L, Turlington MD, Wehlin SAM, Maurer AB, Brady MD, Swords WB, Meyer GJ. Halide Photoredox Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4628-4683. [PMID: 30854847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Halide photoredox chemistry is of both practical and fundamental interest. Practical applications have largely focused on solar energy conversion with hydrogen gas, through HX splitting, and electrical power generation, in regenerative photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic cells. On a more fundamental level, halide photoredox chemistry provides a unique means to generate and characterize one electron transfer chemistry that is intimately coupled with X-X bond-breaking and -forming reactivity. This review aims to deliver a background on the solution chemistry of I, Br, and Cl that enables readers to understand and utilize the most recent advances in halide photoredox chemistry research. These include reactions initiated through outer-sphere, halide-to-metal, and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Kosower's salt, 1-methylpyridinium iodide, provides an early outer-sphere charge-transfer excited state that reports on solvent polarity. A plethora of new inner-sphere complexes based on transition and main group metal halide complexes that show promise for HX splitting are described. Long-lived charge-transfer excited states that undergo redox reactions with one or more halogen species are detailed. The review concludes with some key goals for future research that promise to direct the field of halide photoredox chemistry to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Sara A M Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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8
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Abstract
Bromate ( BrO 3 − ) residue in drinking water poses a great health risk. Ultra-fast reduction of BrO 3 − , under aerobic conditions, was realized using an ultraviolet (UV)/sulfite process in the presence of iodide (UV/sulfite/iodide). The UV/sulfite/iodide process produced BrO 3 − removal efficiency of 100% at about 5 min with complete conversion to bromide, while UV/sulfite induced 13.1% BrO 3 − reduction under the same conditions. Hydrated electrons, generated from the photolysis of sulfite and iodide, was confirmed as the main contributor to BrO 3 − degradation (77.4% of the total contribution). As the concentration of iodide was kept constant, its presence remarkably enhancing the generation of hydrated electrons led to its consideration as a homogeneous catalyst in the UV/sulfite/iodide system. Sulfite played a role not only as a hydrated electron precursor, but also as a reactive iodine species shielding agent and a regenerant of iodide. Results surrounding the effects on common water quality parameters (pH, bicarbonate, nitrate, natural organic matter, and solution temperature) indicated that preferred degradation of BrO 3 − occurred in an environment of alkaline pH, low-content natural organic matter/bicarbonate/nitrate, and high natural temperature.
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9
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Yu K, Li X, Chen L, Fang J, Chen H, Li Q, Chi N, Ma J. Mechanism and efficiency of contaminant reduction by hydrated electron in the sulfite/iodide/UV process. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:357-364. [PMID: 29169109 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced reduction by the extremely strong reducing species, hydrated electron (eaq-), is a promising and viable approach to eliminate a wide variety of persistent and toxic contaminants. In this study, we proposed a sulfite/iodide/UV process, which offered efficient production of eaq- for contaminant reduction. Using monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) as a simple eaq- probe, the availability of eaq- was assessed, and the mechanism involving the roles of S(IV) and iodide in the process was elucidated. A pronounced synergistic effect of S(IV) and iodide was observed in MCAA reductive dechlorination. The efficiency was much more dependent on the iodide concentration due to its higher absorptivity and quantum yield of eaq-. S(IV) played a dual role by producing eaq- via photoionization of SO32- and by reducing the reactive iodine species formed to avoid their scavenging of eaq-. When S(IV) was available, cycling of iodide occurred, favoring the constant eaq- production. The formation and transformation kinetics of sulfite radical were studied to verify the roles of S(IV) and iodide in the process. A kinetic model of MCAA dechlorination was also developed to quantify the eaq--initiated reduction efficiency, highlighting the effects of S(IV), iodide, and pH. High pH favored the reduction, and the process was still effective in field surface water. This study underscores the importance of producing eaq- efficiently and of minimizing the eaq- scavenging of intermediates inherently formed and accumulated, and highlights the potential of the sulfite/iodide/UV process to efficiently eliminate recalcitrant contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keer Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Liwei Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiangbiao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Nianping Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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10
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Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Stuart CR, Causey P, Jay-Gerin JP. Self-radiolysis of tritiated water. 4. The scavenging effect of azide ions (N3−) on the molecular hydrogen yield in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-particles at room temperature. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2449-2458. [PMID: 35541471 PMCID: PMC9077374 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the azide ion N3− on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (∼1 MeV Compton electrons) and tritium β-electrons (mean electron energy of ∼7.8 keV) at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations in conjunction with available experimental data. N3− is shown to interfere with the formation of H2 through its high reactivity towards hydrogen atoms and, but to a lesser extent, hydrated electrons, the two major radiolytic precursors of the H2 yield in the diffusing radiation tracks. Chemical changes are observed in the H2 scavengeability depending on the particular type of radiation considered. These changes can readily be explained on the basis of differences in the initial spatial distribution of primary radiolytic species (i.e., the structure of the electron tracks). In the “short-track” geometry of the higher “linear energy transfer” (LET) tritium β-electrons (mean LET ∼5.9 eV nm−1), radicals are formed locally in much higher initial concentration than in the isolated “spurs” of the energetic Compton electrons (LET ∼0.3 eV nm−1) generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays. As a result, the short-track geometry favors radical–radical reactions involving hydrated electrons and hydrogen atoms, leading to a clear increase in the yield of H2 for tritium β-electrons compared to 60Co γ-rays. These changes in the scavengeability of H2 in passing from tritium β-radiolysis to γ-radiolysis are in good agreement with experimental data, lending strong support to the picture of tritium β-radiolysis mainly driven by the chemical action of short tracks of high local LET. At high N3− concentrations (>1 M), our H2 yield results for 60Co γ-radiolysis are also consistent with previous Monte Carlo simulations that suggested the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to the hydrated electrons (i.e., the short-lived “dry” electrons prior to hydration) by N3−. These processes tend to reduce significantly the yields of H2, as is observed experimentally. However, this dry electron scavenging at high azide concentrations is not seen in the higher-LET 3H β-radiolysis, leading us to conclude that the increased amount of intra-track chemistry intervening at early time under these conditions favors the recombination of these electrons with their parent water cations at the expense of their scavenging by N3−. The effect of the azide ion on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Craig R. Stuart
- Reactor Chemistry and Corrosion Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
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11
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Rugg BK, Phelan BT, Horwitz NE, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Ratner MA, Wasielewski MR. Spin-Selective Photoreduction of a Stable Radical within a Covalent Donor–Acceptor–Radical Triad. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15660-15663. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Rugg
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Noah E. Horwitz
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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12
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Luo J, Yan Z, Liu R, Xu J, Wang X. Synthesis and excellent visible light photocatalysis performance of magnetic reduced graphene oxide/ZnO/ZnFe2O4 composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The partial photogenerated electrons from conduction band of ZnFe2O4 are transferred to the conduction band of ZnO, oppositely, the photogenerated holes lefted in the valance band of ZnFe2O4. The ternary composite has high photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng
- PR China
| | - Zhu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng
- PR China
| | - Rongqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng
- PR China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng
- PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng
- PR China
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13
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A nanoscopic insight into electrocatalytic origins of the mercury monolayer carbon fiber electrode depicted by fast cyclic voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Borovkov VI, Matveeva AG, Ivanishko IS, Beregovaya IV, Reznikov VA. Spin statistical factor in the reactions of excess electron scavenging by stable nitroxyl radicals. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501611090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Ivanov VL, Lyashkevich SY. Photolysis of p-benzoquinone and p-chloranil in aqueous sodium sulfite solution. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143911030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Botti H, Möller MN, Steinmann D, Nauser T, Koppenol WH, Denicola A, Radi R. Distance-dependent diffusion-controlled reaction of •NO and O2•- at chemical equilibrium with ONOO-. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16584-93. [PMID: 21067212 DOI: 10.1021/jp105606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fast reaction of (•)NO and O(2)(•-) to give ONOO(-) has been extensively studied at irreversible conditions, but the reasons for the wide variations in observed forward rate constants (3.8 ≤ k(f) ≤ 20 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) remain unexplained. We characterized the diffusion-dependent aqueous (pH > 12) chemical equilibrium of the form (•)NO + O(2)(•-) = ONOO(-) with respect to its dependence on temperature, viscosity, and [ONOO(-)](eq) by determining [ONOO(-)](eq) and [(•)NO](eq). The equilibrium forward reaction rate constant (k(f)(eq)) has negative activation energy, in contrast to that found under irreversible conditions. In contradiction to the law of mass action, we demonstrate that the equilibrium constant depends on ONOO(-) concentration. Therefore, a wide range of k(f)(eq) values could be derived (7.5-21 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)). Of general interest, the variations in k(f) can thus be explained by its dependence on the distance between ONOO(-) particles (sites of generation of (•)NO and O(2)(•-)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Botti
- Unidad de Cristalografía de Proteínas, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
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Farnum BH, Gardner JM, Meyer GJ. Flash-Quench Technique Employed To Study the One-Electron Reduction of Triiodide in Acetonitrile: Evidence for a Diiodide Reaction Product. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:10223-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1015466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
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18
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Fedorenko S. Two-state model of excess electron relaxation and geminate recombination in water and aqueous solutions. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gardner JM, Abrahamsson M, Farnum BH, Meyer GJ. Visible Light Generation of Iodine Atoms and I−I Bonds: Sensitized I− Oxidation and I3− Photodissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16206-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Gardner
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
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