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Xu Q, Chen L, Yang F, Cao H. Integral Equation Prediction of the Structure of Alternating Copolymer Nanocomposites near a Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11612-11628. [PMID: 30221946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The packing structure and phase behavior of polymer-nanoparticle mixtures under confinement play an important role in developing strategies for rational design of nanomaterials. However, understanding the microscopic dispersion and aggregation mechanism of polymer nanocomposites is a great challenge through experimental techniques. In this work, the microscopic structure of alternating copolymer nanocomposites (ACNs) near a substrate is investigated systematically through extension of the inhomogeneous polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory. In order to characterize the flexibility and internal chain stiffness of copolymers, a semiflexible chain model is introduced to describe the intramolecular correlations between different monomers. Based on the bridge functionals derived from the fluids density functional theory, the modified hypernetted chain closure is integrated with the PRISM equation to form a full theoretical framework to capture the density distributions of ACNs. The influence of the particle volume fraction, nanoparticle diameter, and adsorption strengths between different interaction sites on the packing structure of ACNs under confinement is analyzed and discussed in detail. With the increase of the particle volume fraction, the size asymmetry between nanoparticles and copolymer monomers can greatly influence the density profiles of ACNs near a substrate. Increasing the nanoparticle diameter, the density distribution of nanoparticles experiences a process from absorbing onto the solid surface to segregating from the wall to larger distances. With increasing the adsorption strength between copolymers and nanoparticles, the density distribution of nanoparticles decreases, which is similar to the case of nanoparticles containing attractive interactions. All these characteristics of ACNs show that the current inhomogeneous PRISM theory can give a detailed description of the packing behavior of different segments. Predictive approaches could be desired and developed for design control of alternating copolymer nanocomposites under confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Three-Dimensional and Nanometer Integrated Circuit Design Automation Technology, Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Three-Dimensional and Nanometer Integrated Circuit Design Automation Technology, Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Three-Dimensional and Nanometer Integrated Circuit Design Automation Technology, Beijing 100029 , China
| | - He Cao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Three-Dimensional and Nanometer Integrated Circuit Design Automation Technology, Beijing 100029 , China
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Vyalov I, Rocchia W. Including diverging electrostatic potential in 3D-RISM theory: The charged wall case. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:114106. [PMID: 29566525 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although three-dimensional site-site molecular integral equations of liquids are a powerful tool of the modern theoretical chemistry, their applications to the problem of characterizing the electrical double layer originating at the solid-liquid interface with a macroscopic substrate are severely limited by the fact that an infinitely extended charged plane generates a divergent electrostatic potential. Such potentials cannot be treated within the standard 3D-Reference Interaction Site Model equation solution framework since it leads to functions that are not Fourier transformable. In this paper, we apply a renormalization procedure to overcome this obstacle. We then check the validity and numerical accuracy of the proposed computational scheme on the prototypical gold (111) surface in contact with water/alkali chloride solution. We observe that despite the proposed method requires, to achieve converged charge densities, a higher spatial resolution than that suited to the estimation of biomolecular solvation with either 3D-RISM or continuum electrostatics approaches, it still is computationally efficient. Introducing the electrostatic potential of an infinite wall, which is periodic in 2 dimensions, we avoid edge effects, permit a robust integration of Poisson's equation, and obtain the 3D electrostatic potential profile for the first time in such calculations. We show that the potential within the electrical double layer presents oscillations which are not grasped by the Debye-Hückel and Gouy-Chapman theories. This electrostatic potential deviates from its average of up to 1-2 V at small distances from the substrate along the lateral directions. Applications of this theoretical development are relevant, for example, for liquid scanning tunneling microscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vyalov
- CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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Xu Q, Chen L. Integral equation prediction of structure of nanocomposites with polymer-grafted nanoparticles near solid surface. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Capacitive energy storage devices are receiving increasing experimental and theoretical attention due to their enormous potential for energy applications. Current research in this field is focused on the improvement of both the energy and the power density of supercapacitors by optimizing the nanostructure of porous electrodes and the chemical structure/composition of the electrolytes. However, the understanding of the underlying correlations and the mechanisms of electric double layer formation near charged surfaces and inside nanoporous electrodes is complicated by the complex interplay of several molecular scale phenomena. This Perspective presents several aspects regarding the experimental and theoretical research in the field, discusses the current atomistic and molecular scale understanding of the mechanisms of energy and charge storage, and provides a brief outlook to the future developments and applications of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenel Vatamanu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Utah , 122 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Utah , 122 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Structure of the electrical double layer at aqueous gold and silver interfaces for saline solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 436:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao Q, Feng Y, Zhang C, Du Z, Tian M, Mi J. Extension of integral equation theory to microphase separation of block copolymers. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.985754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hu Z, Vatamanu J, Borodin O, Bedrov D. A comparative study of alkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids with FSI and TFSI anions near charged electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sato H. A modern solvation theory: quantum chemistry and statistical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7450-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Henderson D, Jiang DE, Jin Z, Wu J. Application of Density Functional Theory To Study the Double Layer of an Electrolyte with an Explicit Dimer Model for the Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11356-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305400z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602-5700, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, United States
| | - Zhehui Jin
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521-0425, United States
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521-0425, United States
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Iida K, Sato H. A theory for time-dependent solvation structure near solid-liquid interface. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:244502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4729750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Iida K, Sato H. A two-dimensional-reference interaction site model theory for solvation structure near solid-liquid interface. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:244702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3668468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A model for the electrical double layer combining integral equation techniques with quantum density functional theory. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Woelki S, Bari Bhuiyan L, Henderson D. Application of the singlet reference interaction site model to the primitive model double layer. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.530302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Howard JJ, Perkyns JS, Pettitt BM. The behavior of ions near a charged wall-dependence on ion size, concentration, and surface charge. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6074-83. [PMID: 20405885 PMCID: PMC2875143 DOI: 10.1021/jp9108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A renormalization of the 3D-RISM-HNC integral equation is used to study the solvent and ion distributions at neutral and negatively charged planar atomistic surfaces. The charge density of the surfaces ranged from 0.0 to 0.4116 C/m(2), and the modeled electrolyte solutions consist of the salts NaCl, KCl, and CsCl at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 1.0 M in SPC/E water. The results are qualitatively compared to the results from other integral equation methods and simulations for similar models. We find that the 3D-IEs predict an electric multilayer screening behavior in the solvent and ion distributions in contrast to the double layer anticipated from Poisson-Boltzmann theory. It is observed that the cation size has a significant effect on the distributions near the surface up to three solvation layers beyond which the behavior is the same among the different cations. The response of the distributions to the charged surface is described as an increase in ion and solvent density near the wall. The higher concentration solutions screen the electrostatic source more strongly at the wall as expected. The importance of ion-solvent and ion-ion correlations near the surface is shown through three-body correlation functions which are obtainable from the 3D-IEs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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Schmeer G, Maurer A. Development of thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions with the help of RISM-calculations at the Born–Oppenheimer level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2407-17. [DOI: 10.1039/b917653e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Henderson D, Boda D. Insights from theory and simulation on the electrical double layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:3822-30. [PMID: 19440608 DOI: 10.1039/b815946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that our conceptual understanding of the electrical double layer has advanced during the past few decades, the interpretation of experimental and applied work is still largely based on the venerable Poisson-Boltzmann theory of Gouy, Chapman and Stern. This is understandable since this theory is simple and analytic. However, it is not very accurate because the atomic/molecular nature of the ions/solvent and their correlations are ignored. Simulation and some theoretical studies by ourselves and others that have advanced our understanding are discussed. These studies show that the GCS theory predicts a narrow double layer with monotonic profiles. This is not correct. The double layer is wider, and there can be substantial layering that would be even more pronounced if explicit solvent molecules are considered. For many years, experimental studies of the double layer have been directed to the use of electrochemistry as an analytical tool. This is acceptable for analytic chemistry studies. However, the understanding of electrochemical reactions that typically occur at the electrode surface, where simulation and theory indicate that the GCS theory can have substantial errors, requires modern approaches. New, fundamental experimental studies that would lead to deeper insights using more novel systems would be desirable. Further, biophysics is an interesting field. Recent studies of the selectivity of ion channels and of the adsorption of ions in a binding sites of a protein have shown that the linearized GCS theory has substantial errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Woelki S, Kohler HH, Krienke H. A Singlet Reference Interation Site Model Theory for Solid/Liquid Interfaces Part II: Electrical Double Layers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3365-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077485z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Woelki
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut Kohler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Krienke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Woelki S, Kohler HH, Krienke H, Schmeer G. Improvements of DRISM calculations: symmetry reduction and hybrid algorithms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:898-910. [DOI: 10.1039/b712306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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