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Xu C, Zhang S, Zan X, Hu H, Xie D, Hu X. Formation Mechanisms of Electronically Excited Nitrogen Molecules from N + N 2 and N + N + N Collisions Revealed by Full-Dimensional Potential Energy Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:225-234. [PMID: 38146005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
This work reports six new full-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the N3 system (four 4A″ states and two 2A″ states) at the MRCI + Q/AVQZ level of theory that correlated to N2(X1Σg+) + N(4S), N2(X1Σg+) + N(2D), N2(A3Σu+) + N(4S), N2(B3Πg) + N(4S), N2(W3Δu) + N(4S), and N(4S) + N(4S) + N(4S) channels. The neural networks with a proper account of the nuclear permutation invariant symmetry of N3 were employed to fit the PESs based on about 4000 ab initio points. The accuracy of the PESs was validated by excellent agreement on the equilibrium bond length, vertical excitation energy, and dissociation energy with experimental values. Two possible mechanisms of the formation of N2(A) were found. One is that the collision occurs between N2(X) and N(4S) in the 14A″ state, followed by a nonadiabatic transition through the conical intersection with the 24A″ PES, resulting in the formation of the N2(A) + N(4S) product. The other takes place in the collision among three N(4S) atoms in the adiabatic 24A″ state, and then, N2(A) + N(4S) is formed. This is the first systematical research of the N3 system focusing on the formation of the excited states of N2 via both adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaolei Zan
- Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Huayu Hu
- Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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Lu D, Galvão BRL, Varandas AJC, Guo H. Quantum and semiclassical studies of nonadiabatic electronic transitions between N( 4S) and N( 2D) by collisions with N 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:15656-15665. [PMID: 37278325 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics and kinetics of spin-forbidden transitions between N(2D) and N(4S) via collisions with N2 molecules are investigated using a quantum wave packet (WP) method and the semi-classical coherent switches with decay of mixing (CSDM) method. These electronic transition processes are competing with exchange reaction channels on both the doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces. The WP and CSDM quenching rate coefficients are found in reasonable agreement with each other, and both reproduce the previous theoretical results. For the excitation process, the agreement between the two approaches is dependent on the treatment of the zero-point energy (ZPE) in the product, because the high endoergicity of this process leads to severe violation of the vibrational ZPE. The Gaussian-binning (GB) method is found to improve the agreement with the quantum result. The excitation rate coefficients are found to be two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the adiabatic exchange reaction, underscoring the inefficient intersystem crossing due to the weak spin-orbit coupling between the two spin manifolds of the N3 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, New Mexico, USA.
| | - Breno R L Galvão
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Av. Amazonas 5253, (30421-169), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio J C Varandas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, New Mexico, USA.
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Varga Z, Truhlar DG. Potential energy surface for high-energy N + N 2 collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26273-26284. [PMID: 34787127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04373k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potential energy surface calculations yield physical insight into the structure of intermediates and the dynamics of molecular collisions, and they are the first step toward molecular simulations that provide physical insight into energy transfer, reaction, and dissociation probabilities. The potential energy surface for high-energy collisions of N2 with N can be used for modeling chemical dynamics and energy transfer in atmospheric shock waves. Here we present an analytic ground-state. (4A'') potential energy surface for N3 that governs electronically adiabatic collisions of N2(1Σ+g) with N(4S). The fitted surface consists of a pairwise potential based on an accurate diatomic potential energy curve plus a connected permutationally invariant polynomial (PIP) in mixed-exponential-Gaussian bond order variables (MEGs) for the three-body part. The three-body fit is based on multireference complete active space second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations. The quality of the quartet N3 fit is comparable to that for a previous fit of the NO2 potential. We characterize two local minima of N3, two tight transition structures, two van der Waals geometries, and the noncollinear reaction path for the symmetric exchange reaction. The nonreactive approach of an N atom to N2 along the perpendicular bisector is more repulsive than the collinear reproach, but plots of the force on the bond versus the potential energy at the distance of closest approach allow us to infer that vibrational energy transfer should occur much more readily in high-energy collinear collisions than in high-energy perpendicular-bisector collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Varga
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
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Varandas AJC, Galvão BRL. Exploring the Utility of Many-Body Expansions: A Consistent Set of Accurate Potentials for the Lowest Quartet and Doublet States of the Azide Radical with Revisited Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10127-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5087027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento
de Quı́mica, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B. R. L. Galvão
- Departamento
de Quı́mica, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Av. Amazonas 5253, 30421-169 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Garcia E, Laganà A, Skouteris D. An innovative computational comparison of exact and centrifugal sudden quantum properties of the N + N2reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1589-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Caridade PJSB, Galvão BRL, Varandas AJC. Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of Atom-Exchange and Vibrational Relaxation Processes in Collisions of Atomic and Molecular Nitrogen. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6063-70. [PMID: 20411986 DOI: 10.1021/jp101681m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. R. L. Galvão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Galvão BRL, Varandas AJC. Accurate Double Many-Body Expansion Potential Energy Surface for N3(4A′′) from Correlation Scaled ab Initio Energies with Extrapolation to the Complete Basis Set Limit. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14424-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. R. L. Galvão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Rampino S, Skouteris D, Laganà A, Garcia E, Saracibar A. A comparison of the quantum state-specific efficiency of N + N2 reaction computed on different potential energy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1752-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b818902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Garcia E, Sánchez C, Saracibar A, Laganà A, Skouteris D. A detailed comparison of centrifugal sudden and J-shift estimates of the reactive properties of the N + N2 reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:11456-62. [PMID: 20024416 DOI: 10.1039/b915409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Garcia
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Faginas N, Huarte-Larrañaga F, Laganà A. Full dimensional quantum versus semiclassical reactivity for the bent transition state reaction N+N2. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Garcia E, Saracibar A, Gómez-Carrasco S, Laganà A. Modeling the global potential energy surface of the N + N2 reaction from ab initio data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:2552-8. [PMID: 18446256 DOI: 10.1039/b800593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Garcia
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
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